The document discusses the reinforcement requirements and design process for axially loaded columns. It provides guidelines on the minimum longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, including the pitch and diameter of lateral ties. Examples are given to calculate the ultimate load capacity of rectangular and circular columns based on the grade of concrete and steel. Design assumptions and checks for minimum eccentricity are also outlined.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
The entire process of structural planning and design requires not only imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of practical aspects, such as recent design codes and bye-laws, backed up by ample experience, institution and judgment.
It is emphasized that any structure to be constructed must satisfy the need efficiency for which it is intended and shall be durable for its desired life span. Thus, the design of any structure is categorizes into following two main types:-
1. Functional design
2. Structural design
Once the form of the structure is selected, the structural design process starts. Structural design is an art and science of understanding the behavior of structural members subjected to loads and designing them with economy and elegance to give a safe, serviceable and durable structure.
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
The entire process of structural planning and design requires not only imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of practical aspects, such as recent design codes and bye-laws, backed up by ample experience, institution and judgment.
It is emphasized that any structure to be constructed must satisfy the need efficiency for which it is intended and shall be durable for its desired life span. Thus, the design of any structure is categorizes into following two main types:-
1. Functional design
2. Structural design
Once the form of the structure is selected, the structural design process starts. Structural design is an art and science of understanding the behavior of structural members subjected to loads and designing them with economy and elegance to give a safe, serviceable and durable structure.
Super-Structural Construction Work of a Six Storied Residential Building.Shariful Haque Robin
In this presentation I will try to uphold about my 3 month’s practicum period experience of the construction work of a six storied residential building on super structural parts.
Superstructure is building parts located above the ground level such as column, beam, floor, wall and roof.
Here I have focused on mainly Beam, Slab, Stair and Column construction process and also the problems I have faced & my contribution to solve those.
Book for Beginners, RCC Design by ETABSYousuf Dinar
Advancement of softwares is main cause behind comparatively quick and simple
design while avoiding complexity and time consuming manual procedure. However
mistake or mislead could be happened during designing the structures because of not
knowing the proper procedure depending on the situation. Design book based on
manual or hand design is sometimes time consuming and could not be good aids with
softwares as several steps are shorten during finite element modeling. This book may
work as a general learning hand book which bridges the software and the manual
design properly. The writers of this book used linear static analysis under BNBC and
ACI code to generate a six story residential building which could withstand wind load
of 210 kmph and seismic event of that region. The building is assumed to be designed
in Dhaka, Bangladesh under RAJUK rules to get legality of that concern organization.
For easy and explained understanding the book chapters are oriented in 2 parts. Part A
is concern about modeling and analysis which completed in only one chapter. Part B
is organized with 8 chapters. From chapter 1 to 7 the writers designed the model
building and explained with references how to consider during design so that
creativity of readers could not be threated. Chapter 8 is dedicated for estimation. As a
whole the book will help the readers to experience a building construction related all
facts and how to progress in design. Although the volume I is limited to linear static
analysis, upcoming volume will eventually consider dynamic facts to perform
dynamic analysis. Implemented equations are organized in the appendix section for
easy memorizing.
BNBC and other codes are improving and expending day by day, by covering new
and improved information as civil engineering is a vast field to continue the research.
Before designing something or taking decision judge the contemporary codes and
choose data, equations, factors and coefficient from the updated one.
Book for Beginners series is basic learning book of YDAS outlines. Here only
rectangular grid system modeling and a particular model is shown. Round shape grid
is avoided to keep the study simple. No advanced analysis is described and it is kept
simple for beginners. Only two way slab is elaborated with direct design method,
avoiding other procedures. In case of beam, only flexural and shear designs are made.
T- Beam, L- Beam or other shapes are not shown as rectangular beam was enough for
this study. Bi-axial column and foundation design is not shown. During column and
foundation design only pure axial load is considered. Use of interaction diagram is not
shown in manual design. Load centered isolated and combined footing designs are
shown, avoiding eccentric loading conditions. Pile and pile cap design, Mat
foundation design, strap footing design and sand pile concept are not included in this
Because of torsion, the beam fails in diagonal tension forming the spiral cracks around the beam. Warping of the section does not allow a plane section to remain as plane after twisting. Clause 41 of IS 456:2000 provides the provisions for
the design of torsional reinforcements. The design rules for torsion are based on the equivalent moment.
This unit covers Types of stresses & strains,
Hooke’s law, stress-strain diagram,
Working stress,
Factor of safety,
Lateral strain,
Poisson’s ratio, volumetric strain,
Elastic moduli,
Deformation of simple and compound bars under axial load,
Analysis of composite bar with varying cross section.
Drought management and water harvesting Yash Patel
Definition, Types of Drought, Causes of Drought, Drought Contingency planning, augmentation of water, Water Harvesting, Water conservation and etc etc...
introduction of environment engineering,structures of atmosphere, its type , classification of microorganisms and growth pattern, roll of microorganisms
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
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NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. INTRODUCTION
COLUMN- if a compression member, effective length > 3* least
lateral dimension is called Column.
Normally columns are subjected to axial compressive force, but
sometimes it may be subject to to moments on one or both the
axes.
STRENGTH OF COLUMNS DEPENDS UPON:
Shape, size and cross section of column
Length
3. TYPES OF LOADING
AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS
Columns subjected to loads acting along the
longitudinal axis or centroid of column section.
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMN (uniaxial
loading )
Loads which do not act on the longitudinal axis of
the column section
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS (biaxial
loading)
If the eccentricity is with respect to both the axis (x
and y axis) the column is said to be under biaxial
loading.
4. REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENT FOR
COLUMNS
REQUIREMENTS AS PER IS :456-2000,PG 48,CL.26.5.3
FOR LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT
The cross sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement
Shall not be less then 0.8%
Shall not be more than 6%
Of the gross sectional area of the column
Minimum number of longitudinal bars shall be 4 in rectangular column and 6 in
circular columns
The bars shall not be less than 12mm in diameter
Spacing of longitudinal bars along the periphery should not exceed 300mm
5. TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
The effective lateral support is given by
transverse reinforcement either in form of
circular rings capable of taking circular
tension or by polygon links (lateral ties )
with internal angle not exceeding 135
degree
If the longitudinal bars are not spaced
more than 75mm on either sides,
transverse reinforcement need only to go
near the corner alternate bars are used for
the purpose of lateral supports
6. TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
CONT…
If the longitudinal bars are spaced at a distance
not exceeding 48times the diameter of the tie,
effectively tied in two directions, additional
longitudinal bars in between these bars need to
be used in one direction by open ties
Longitudinal bars in compression member placed in
more than one row, effective lateral support to the
longitudinal bars in the inner rows may be assumed to
have been provided if *Transverse reinforcement is
provided for the outer most row in accordance with fig
7.6(b).No bars of the inner is closer to the nearest
compression face then three times the diameter of the
largest bar in inner row fig (7.6)
7. TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
FOR LATERAL TIES
the pitch of the lateral ties shall not be more than the least of the following:
The least lateral dimension of the compression member
16 times diameter of the longitudinal bar
300mm
Diameter
The diameter of the lateral links or lateral ties shall not be less than
¼* diameter of the largest longitudinal bar
6mm
Which ever is more
8. FOR HELICAL REINFORCEMENT
PITCH- the pitch of helical reinforcement shall be:
≥ 75mm
1/6* core diameter of column
But
≤ 25mm
3* diameter of helix
Diameter :the diameter of helical reinforcement shall be,not less than:
¼* diameter of the largest longitudinal bar
6mm
Which ever is more
9. MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY IN COLUMNS
IS:456-2000,PG:42,CL.25,4
All the column should be designed for minimum eccentricity
Minimum eccentricity(e)= unsupported length of column/500+Lateral dimension/30
emin= L/500+D/30 where L and D are in mm
emin≥20mm
10. ASSUMPTIONS IN DESIGN OF
COMPRESSION MEMBER
Plane section normal to the axis remain plane after bending
Maximum strain in concrete at the outermost compression
fibre is taken as 0.0035 in bending
The maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial is taken
as 0.002
The tensile strength of concrete is ignored
11. SHORT AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS
The figure shows rectangular column section
subjected to axial load. The column is subjected to
uniform strain of 0.002 and uniform stress of
0.446fck.
Axial load where e=0
Pu=Puc+Pus
Pu=0.446fck*Ac+fs*Asc
Fy = stress in steel corresponding to a strain of
0.002.
=0.87fy for Fe 250
=0.79fy for Fe 415
=0.75fy for Fe 500
12. CONT…
I.S CODE adopts the critical value of 0.75fy for all grades of steel for finding out the
pure axial load carrying capacity of columns.
Pu=0.446fck*Fck*Ac+0.75fy*Asc
Which is approximated as:
Pu=0.45fck*Ac+0.75Asc
Where Ac = area of concrete in column
Asc= area of steel in compression in column
If emin≤ 0.05D (IS:456-2000,CL.39.9)
Pu=0.4fck*Ac+0.67fy*Asc
It should be noted that equation above is the reduction in the capacity of the
column by 10%
13. COLUMN WITH HELICAL
REINFORCEMENT
AS PER IS:456-2000,PG 71,CL.39.4
Stregnth of columns with helical reinforcement
=1.05*strength of column with lateral ties
=factored load/1.05
Let Acr=area of core Ag=gross area
asp=area of spiral(helical reinforcement
ρs= asp/Acr
ρs= 0.36(Ag/Acr-1)*fck/fy
(IS:456-2000 PG.71
14. EXAMPLES ON AXIALLY LOADED
COLUMNS
QUESTION: Determine the ultimate load carrying capacity of a
rectangular column section 400mm*600mm with 6nos , 28mm
diameter bars. Consider concrete of grade M25 and steel of
Fe415,assume emin is less than 0.05mm times the lateral
dimension .
M25 and fe 415
There fore fck=20N/mm^2 and fy=415N/mm^2
Asc= 6nos – 28 dia
= 3694.5mm^2
Ac= Ag-Asc
(400*600)-3694.5= 236305.5mm^2
15. EXAMPLE CONT…
AS PER IS:456-2000,PG 71 (emin< 0.05D)
Pu=0.4fck*Ac+0.67fy*Asc
= 0.4*25*236305.5+0.67*415*3694.5
= 3390.31KN
ALLOWABLE SERVICE LOAD = 3390.31/1.5
= 2260.20KN
16. EXAMPLES
QUESTION:determine the ultimate load capacity of a
circular column of diameter reinforced with 6nos-25dia
bars with
Lateral ties
Spirals
Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel
Also assume tha emin<0.05D.
Fck=20N/mm^2
Fy=415N/mm^2
Asc= 2945.24mm^2
17. EXAMPLES CONT….
Ac= Ag-Asc COLUMN WITH LATERAL TIES
=(π/4*400^2)-2945.24 pu=0.4fck.Ac +0.67Fy.Asc
= 122718.46mm^2 =0.4*25*122718.46+0.67*415*2945.24
=2046108.58 N
=2046.11 KN
COLUMN WITH SPIRALS
Pu=1.05*ultimate axial load capacity of the section with lateral ties
=1.05*2046.11 (IS:456-2000,P.71)
=2148.42 KN
18. EXAMPLE
Q design a R.C.C short column square in section to carry a design axial load of 300KN. use
M20 concrete &steel Fe415.assume 1% oflongitudinal steel.unsupported length of
column is 3m. Sketch the reinforcement details.
Solution
Fck=20N/mm2
Fy=415 N/mm2
Ag= gross area ofcolumn 1% steel
Asc=1/100×Ag=0.01Ag
Ac=Ag-Asc=Ag-0.01Ag=099Ag
20. Example cont…
Dia.of lateral ties
(1)1/4×larger dia.=1/4×28=7mm
(2)6 mm
Taking larger of two values,
Provide 8Ø-lateral tiles.
Pitch of lateral ties
(1)Least lateral dimension =650mm
(2)16×smaller dia.=16×28=448mm
(3)300mm
Provide 8Ø-lateral ties at300mm c/c
Distance between corner bars=650-2×50-
28=522mm
48×dia.of ties=48×8=384m
As 522mm>384mm,twosets of c losed ties
shall be used.
21. Example cont……
Check for eccentricity
Rmin=l/500 +D/30
=3000/500 +650/30 (IS:456-2000,P.42)
=27.66>20mm
Emin =27.66mm
Emin/D =27.66/650=0.042<0.05 o.k
design as axially loaded short column is
satisfactory.