Automatic decoding - 自動的に解読する
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Standard Reading - Level 3 Automatic decoding 今回のフォーカスは「自動的に解読する」です。 英語の主要な単語を繰り返し認識するトレーニングで、読解速度や理解力の向上につなげます。 主要ワードは多くはありません。様々な活用方法をマスターしましょう。
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こちらのフォーカスは「スラッシュリーディング」です。
和訳して英文を解釈すると、日本語との語順の違いから後ろから返り読みしがち。
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こちらのフォーカスは「スラッシュリーディング」です。
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Understanding the Topic and Main Idea of Readings - 文章のトピックと主旨を理解する
Understanding the Topic and Main Idea of Readings - 文章のトピックと主旨を理解する
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Vocabulary Development in Oxford English
The document discusses strategies for developing vocabulary skills. It outlines different types of vocabulary including listening, speaking, reading and writing vocabulary. It provides tips for choosing words to teach like examining the text type and determining if words appear in directive, non-directive or mis-directive contexts. Strategies for enhancing vocabulary are discussed like developing a reading habit, using context clues, dictionaries and thesauruses, understanding word roots and maintaining a personal word list.
Reading exams tips
The document provides tips for taking reading exams, including how to plan time and understand the scoring system, how to approach different question types, and reading techniques. Some key tips are to skim first to understand the overall content, scan for specific details, read questions carefully, find and highlight relevant information in the text, and use context clues for unfamiliar vocabulary. Different question types require locating relevant information, using evidence from the text, and rewriting answers in your own words without copying directly.
6 wordiness(1)
1) The document discusses wordiness in writing and provides examples of wordy sentences.
2) It gives an example of a wordy 31-word sentence that is reduced to a clearer 13-word sentence by removing unnecessary words.
3) The document provides five examples of types of wordiness to avoid, such as redundant words, empty phrases, vague expressions, unnecessary phrases, and passive voice. It suggests being concise by using the simplest words that convey meaning.
Use of Dictionary
- A dictionary is a reference book that lists words alphabetically and provides their meanings, pronunciations, and other information. It is used to look up unknown words, confirm meanings, and check spellings.
- Using a dictionary has advantages like increasing knowledge and vocabulary, but it also has disadvantages like requiring training to use effectively and not specifying the current usage of expressions.
- Learners should only look up words that seem important to understanding after finishing the surrounding text, and wait to look up new words from class until after the lesson to avoid interrupting comprehension.
What is reading: A full file about reading
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english grammar
The document describes a 5-day workshop to teach basic English skills to students. The workshop covered grammar, reading, speaking, and writing skills. Each day focused on a different topic, such as parts of speech, reading comprehension, public speaking, and conversation skills. Students were given worksheets and compositions to complete each day, applying the skills learned. By the end of the workshop, students prepared a 150-word composition encompassing all parts of speech covered during the five days.
The Parts Of Speech
This document discusses the eight parts of speech in English: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It provides definitions and examples for each part of speech. Nouns refer to people, places, things, events or ideas. Pronouns replace nouns. Verbs indicate actions or states of being. Adjectives describe nouns. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Prepositions show relationships of time, place or direction. Conjunctions join words and phrases. Interjections express strong emotions. Understanding parts of speech is essential for determining word meanings in sentences.
Lecture 1 overview for ielts test
This document provides an overview and strategies for the different sections of the IELTS exam, including Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. It discusses the format, skills assessed, and strategies for each section. For Listening, it describes the form completion and multiple choice question types and strategies. For Reading, it outlines the True/False/Not Given and table completion question types. And for Speaking Part 1, it provides an overview of the introduction and interview section and strategies such as listening carefully, giving relevant examples, and appearing confident.
Lecture 1 overview for ielts test
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Learning New Words
This document provides guidance for learning new English words by writing definitions, parts of speech, example sentences, related words, and word families. It explains that students will be quizzed on 3-4 words by writing sentences that follow a given rule, such as beginning each sentence with "Today", to demonstrate understanding beyond just memorization. Correct usage and grammar will earn points while misunderstanding words or making errors will lose points. The goal is to help students learn new vocabulary in a practical way.
Eng 83 r week 2 day 1
This document provides an agenda for an English class. It includes plans to sign up for literature circles, discuss using dictionaries and dictionary skills, review summarizing and using context clues, learn about determining a paragraph's topic, and practice annotating a text. Students are assigned to complete chapter checks and review exercises from their textbooks as homework.
Academic writing
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as general advice, planning and organizing, reading and researching, using sources, specific types of writing, style and editing, and the English language. Some key points covered include proving an argument with examples and citations, organizing an essay to present an argument clearly, revising extensively, asking questions to determine essay structure, properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism, and using grammar structures like articles, verb agreement, and punctuation correctly. The document offers guidance on writing effectively for academic purposes.
Lecture 1 overview for ielts test
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Lecture 1 overview for IELTS exam
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Lecture 1 overview for ielts test
The document provides an overview of the IELTS exam, including its four components (listening, reading, writing, and speaking). It discusses the listening and reading modules in more detail, outlining the types of questions, skills assessed, strategies for different question formats, and scoring. For listening, it describes the form completion and multiple choice questions. For reading, it discusses true/false/not given questions and table completion. It also provides an overview of the speaking test, outlining the three parts, skills assessed, and typical topics for Part 1 (introductions and interviews).
Intonation and stress
Correct intonation and stress are key to speaking English fluently. Intonation refers to the rhythm and melody of speech, while stress refers to emphasizing certain syllables in words. The document provides exercises for students to practice distinguishing words using minimal pairs that differ in just one phoneme, as well as exercises practicing sentence stress. It explains that in English, content words like nouns and verbs are usually stressed, while function words like articles and prepositions are usually not stressed. Understanding stress patterns is important for both pronunciation and comprehension in English.
Teaching the TOEIC®
The document provides information about teaching the TOEIC exam. It discusses the background of the TOEIC test and introduces a textbook called "Tactics for TOEIC" that is designed to help students prepare. The textbook covers all parts of the TOEIC listening and reading tests over 28 units. Each unit focuses on two test-taking skills, introducing and practicing each skill with a mini-test at the end. The document also provides guidance on how to teach students using the textbook, such as focusing on skills like inference, paraphrasing, and avoiding distractors common in the exam.
Teaching the TOEIC®
The document provides information about teaching the TOEIC exam. It discusses the background of the TOEIC test and introduces a textbook called "Tactics for TOEIC" that is designed to help students prepare. The textbook covers all parts of the TOEIC listening and reading tests over 28 units. Each unit focuses on two test-taking skills, introducing and practicing each skill with a mini-test at the end. The document also provides guidance on how to teach students using the textbook, such as focusing on skills like inference, paraphrasing, and avoiding distractors common in the exam.
Communication Skills
This document provides an overview of communication skills, including definitions of communication, the key elements of listening, speaking, reading and writing. It discusses active listening and its five key elements. It also outlines techniques for active reading like underlining, note-taking, and the SQ3R method. Key elements of writing like vocabulary, sentence structure and punctuation are mentioned. Finally, it discusses grammar and some common state verbs.
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My berry
This document contains 30 repetitions of the copyright notice "Copyright© 2013 Berry Inc." indicating that the content is copyrighted material owned by Berry Inc. and protected under copyright law.
Understanding the Parts of a Paragraph - パラグラフを理解する
This document discusses the parts of a paragraph, including the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. It explains that the topic sentence states what the paragraph is about, while supporting sentences provide additional details. The concluding sentence restates the topic and bridges to the next paragraph. The document also distinguishes between a paragraph's topic, which is the overall subject, and its main idea, which is the author's specific point about the topic. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
Understanding structures - 構造を理解する
Standard Reading - Level 3
Understanding structures
今回のポイントは「構造を理解する」です。
主語から始まり、動詞が来る、それに副詞と形容詞が修飾し、動詞によって文型が決まる。というのが英語の基本です。
このトピックで英語の基本を理解しましょう。
Critical Listening - クリティカルリスニング
Standard Listening Speech - Level 8
Critical Listening
このフォーカスは「クリティカルリスニング」、より積極的なリスニングプロセスについて。
受け取った情報を精査し、積極的に主張の方向性を、自分の考えと併せて検討します。
これを英語で行う方法を解説します。
Summarizing - 要約とリスニング
Standard Listening Speech - Level 7
Summarizing
今回のフォーカスは「要約とリスニング」です。
聴いた情報を全て正確に覚えることは不可能。聴き終わってから、または聴きながら、自分の言葉で要約する。
要約することで考えが整理され、深い理解になります。
Understanding liaisons - リエゾンを理解する
Standard Listening Speech - Level 3
Understanding liaisons
今回のフォーカスは「リエゾンを理解する」です。
ナチュラルな会話では前後の単語がつながって聞こえることがあります。これがリエゾンです。
いくつかのパターンを学習し、リエゾンを把握しましょう。
Understanding Prepositions - 前置詞を理解する
Standard Listening Speech - Level 3
Understanding Prepositions
今回のフォーカスは「前置詞を理解する」です。
前置詞は文に時間や場所、原因と結果などの複雑な意味づけを行います。
重要な割には強く発音されにくい単語であるため、ここで聞き取りの練習を行いましょう。
Sentences with Relative Clause - 関係詞を含む文
Standard Listening Speech - Level 5
Sentences with Relative Clause
今回のフォーカスは「関係詞を含む文」です。
文に関係詞が含まれると内容が一気に複雑になります。しかし、その使い方はそこまで複雑ではありません。
シンプルに関係詞というものを理解し、慣れていきましょう。
Predicting - 予測しながら聴く
This document discusses the listening skill of predicting while listening to a story. It explains that predicting engages the listener and helps them connect to the story by making connections between new information and what is already known. The document provides examples of words and phrases used to express different levels of certainty in predictions from 100% certainty down to 0%. It identifies cues like main ideas, mood, and mental images that can help a listener predict what may happen next. Finally, it encourages applying predicting techniques while listening and gives an example prediction question.
Negotiation - 英語で交渉
Standard Listening Speech - Level 8
Negotiation
今回は「英語で交渉」がフォーカスです。
交渉には相手があり、それぞれの主張があります。交渉を進めるために理解しておきたいポイントを解説します。
英語での交渉はその内容理解がまず大事です。
Dealing with Situations - シチュエーションに対応する
Standard Listening Speech - Level 7
Dealing with Situations
今回のフォーカスは「シチュエーションに対応する」です。
英語にも丁寧表現が求められるケースが多々あります。
主にビジネスでのフォーマル表現とカジュアルな状況のインフォーマル表現の違いをご説明します。
Big Amount Processing - 大量処理
Standard Listening Speech - Level 8
Big Amount Processing
こちらのフォーカスはリスニングにおける「大量処理」です。
大量の英語を聴くときは、聴きながら整理していくことが求められます。
ポイントを把握しておけば、長文リスニングも怖くありません。
Understanding conversations - 簡単な文章を理解する
Standard Listening Speech - Level 5
Understanding conversations
今回のトピックは「簡単な文章を理解する」です。
文章は最初の主語と動詞のペアの部分で、主要な意味付けがなされます。
分の最初に出てくる主語・動詞の意味をしっかり理解できるようにしましょう。
Complex Sentence - 複雑な文
Standard Listening Speech - Level 6
Complex Sentence
今回は「複雑な文」がフォーカスです。
関係詞以外にも、接続詞や分詞によって複雑な文がつくられます。
主節と従属節の概念をこちらで学習し、複雑な文を聴いても正確な理解につなげましょう。
Pronouns - 代名詞
Standard Listening Speech - Level 5
Pronouns
今回のフォーカスは「代名詞」です。
前述の単語が単純な繰り返しにならないように、TheyやSheを使って代用します。
目で見ると比較的簡単な項目ですが、リスニングにおける代名詞の理解を進めましょう。
Organizing Ideas - アイデアを整理する
Standard Listening Speech - Level 4
Organizing Ideas
今回のトピックは「アイデアを整理する」です。
英語を聴くとき、塊ごとに理解してまとめることで話の筋を追っていくことが可能になります。
話をまとめる際のポイントをご紹介します。こちらで練習しましょう。
Understanding interrogatives - 疑問詞を理解する
Standard Listening Speech - Level 3
Understanding interrogatives
今回は「疑問詞を理解する」です。
5W1Hと呼ばれる疑問詞を正確に聞き取ることで、問われている内容を間違いなく理解しましょう。
質問にしっかり答えることができれば、会話もより弾みます。
Understanding Pronunciation - 発音を理解する
Standard Listening Speech - Level 4
Understanding Pronunciation
こちらは「発音を理解する」です。
英語と日本語の発音の違いを理解し、発音練習を効率良く進めるためのフォーカスです。
一緒に発音を練習してみましょう。正しく発音することできれば、リスニングにも有効です。
English Intonations and Stress - 抑揚と強調
Standard Listening Speech - Level 4
English Intonations and Stress
今回は「抑揚と強調」です。
英語音には音の上下の変化という抑揚と音の強弱の変化である強調という要素があります。
これらによって話し手の”意見”や”態度”など様々な表現が可能になります。
Memorizing Short Sentences - 短い文を覚える
Standard Listening Speech - Level 2
Memorizing Short Sentences
今回のフォーカスは「短い文を覚える」です。
英語にも挨拶や受け答えの使える定型文がいくつかあります。
こちらを覚えておけば、具体的な場面や話の内容の理解に役立ちます。
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Automatic decoding - 自動的に解読する
- 3. Introduction • In written English, some words and phrases appear frequently • Knowing these words can improve speed and understanding
- 4. Automatic Decoding Recognizing common English words - Learn words that appear frequently - Learn their place in a sentence Seeing the same word Understanding on sight from word parts
- 5. Recognizing Common English Words • Learn common English words to: - understand the sentence quickly - know the word's role easily • Look for others while reading
- 6. Recognizing Common English Words Pronoun: I, You, She, It, They, These, etc... Preposition: Into, On, Over, Through, etc... Conjunction: And, When, Which, Than, etc... Noun: Way, One, Time, Thing, Person, etc...
- 7. Recognizing Common English Words Verb: Do, Get, Give, Put, Use, etc... Adjective: Good, New, Same, Other, etc... Adverb: Even, Only, Also, So, Very, etc... Auxiliary Verbs: Could, Must, Should, etc... Can you think of others?
- 8. Recognizing Common English Words • Some common words have many meanings • Learn to recognize their role in the sentence
- 9. Recognizing Common English Words [Example 1] Have: I have three dollars. Have you seen the new film? I have never been to Osaka.
- 10. Recognizing Common English Words [Example 2] That: Is that your new car? I know that you are talented. Is this the pen that you used?
- 11. Seeing the Same Word • Look for the same word appearing many times in the sentence or in different sentences • Learn common longer words READ! READ! READ!
- 12. Seeing the Same Word • Match the keyword • The goal is under 1 second! 1. they thy they then thirty them they 2. been bean been bane beon bene been 3. there their there theyt thear there threr 4. much must many much mush mast much
- 13. Understanding From Word Parts • Learn to recognize parts of words • Use spelling clues and location in the sentence Example: I locked _ _e door. Focus on Important Parts of the Sentence!
- 14. Understanding From Word Parts • Try to guess these words by looking at only a part of them w_s _r _re w_o th_ lik_ _ver _ll bee_ i_to _ime h_ve
- 15. Understanding From Word Parts [Answers] was or are who the like over ill been into time have
- 16. Conclusion • Understanding words on sight • Read quickly and focus on meaning Common Words Same Words Parts of W_r_s
- 18. Reading: Level 3
Editor's Notes
- Strong English readers can recognize a word on sight from only seeing a small part. They understand automatically because they are familiar with common words. You can learn to recognize a word based on spelling and also its place in the sentence. For example, many nouns in English appear with the word "the" in front of them. By knowing these words on sight, readers can focus on the more important parts of the sentence.
- Look at these common words and fill in the blanks. In a "top down" system, the ability to understand a word on sight is one of the skills to help you read a sentence quickly. By knowing these words, readers can save time and focus on understanding the overall meaning of the sentence.
- Now let’s look at the answers: was, or, are, who, the, like, over, all, been, into, time, have
- In this lesson we learned about automatic decoding. This means recognizing a word on sight without having to think or translate. The word should immediately form an image in your mind. This will allow you to read quickly and focus on the important elements of the sentence. As your English improves, you will learn more common English words and become able to see them in sentences more easily. Soon you will recognize many words from only seeing a part of them.
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