Yet another power point on modals, this time with exercises and plenty of examples. Modals of obligation, persmission and prohibition for intermediate learners of English
Yet another power point on modals, this time with exercises and plenty of examples. Modals of obligation, persmission and prohibition for intermediate learners of English
This presentation explains Modal Verbs: their meaning, use and form. It has an activity at the end so you can practice after reading the grammar explanation.
This presentation explains Modal Verbs: their meaning, use and form. It has an activity at the end so you can practice after reading the grammar explanation.
Learn these four English idioms: cut corners, see eye to eye, a piece of cake and miss the boat. Learn the meaning of these useful idioms and master them by studying and reading aloud the example sentences. Also read the Idioms in Use text, which contains all four target idioms in a natural context.
Leave a comment below and practice the idioms that you learned.
Learn more by visiting me at www.SirEnglish.com
This is the presentation for English learners with some insights on small talk: the reasons why it is difficult for English learners, how to succeed and learn to communicate better, plus I share a couple of advice on how to ask questions an easier way. The presentation was used on a live webinar on December 08th. Here is the replay link: https://youtu.be/jqLgL7o5AhE.
Understanding the Parts of a Paragraph - パラグラフを理解するCOCOJUKU plus
Standard Reading - Level 4
Understanding the Parts of a Paragraph
今回のフォーカスは「パラグラフを理解する」です。
一文一文の意味を個別にとるという段階から、パラグラフ全体の意味を取ることにシフトしていきましょう。
英文におけるパラグラフ内部の構成について解説します。
Standard Listening Speech - Level 4
English Intonations and Stress
今回は「抑揚と強調」です。
英語音には音の上下の変化という抑揚と音の強弱の変化である強調という要素があります。
これらによって話し手の”意見”や”態度”など様々な表現が可能になります。
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
3. Dealing with Situations
Use the right English for the right situation
There is such a thing as "polite English"
Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
4. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
Polite speech (would and could)
• Mastering how to use the auxiliary verbs,
would and could, is an important part of
learning polite speech
• Let’s look at some examples...
5. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
Informal Speech Polite Speech
I want to do something. I would like to do something.
I want/need you to do something for me. I would like you to do something for
me.
I would appreciate if you could do
something for me.
It would be great if you could do
something for me.
6. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
Informal Speech Polite Speech
Do you want something to drink? Would you like something to drink?
Do you want to cancel the
appointment?
Would you like to cancel the
appointment?
Is it OK with you?
Do you mind if I leave early today?
Would it be all right?
Would you mind if I leave early today?
7. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
Informal Speech Polite Speech
Can you do this for me? Could you do this for me?
Can we change the meeting time? Could we change the meeting
time?
Would it be possible to change the
meeting time?
8. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
Informal Speech Polite Speech
Can you give me a ride home? I was wondering if you could give
me a ride home.
Do you have a minute? Could you spare me a few
moments?
9. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
Informal Speech Polite Speech
I’m sorry but he’s not available
right now.
I’m afraid he is not available right
now.
Can I bother you for a second? Do you mind if I interrupt for a
moment?
10. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
Informal Speech Polite Speech
Can I come in? May I come in?
Write down your name here. Please write down your name
here.
11. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
I’m afraid~ = 申し上げにくいのですが(相手への丁寧な断り・
遠慮)
I was wondering if I could~=~してもらえるかどうか(前
々から)考えていたのですが。
Do you mind if I do something?=~してもいいでしょうか。
12. Informal Speech vs. Formal Speech
May I ~?=~してもいいですか。
Please~=~してください。
OR you can also add “please” at the end of your
question to make it sound more polite
e.g. Could you hold on for a second please?
13. Business Scene vs. Casual Scene
• The difference between informal speech
and polite speech can sometimes be
best shown in greetings
• Let’s look at some examples of different
ways of saying “thank you”...
14. Business Scene vs. Casual Scene
Different ways of saying “Thank you.”
Informal Speech Polite Speech
Thanks a lot.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Thank you (very much) for ~
I appreciate your ~
15. Business Scene vs. Casual Scene
Different ways of saying “I’m sorry.”
Informal Speech Polite Speech
I’m sorry.
Sorry about that.
I’m sorry about ~
(*Tip: You can add adverbs to make
it sound more polite.)
I’m terribly sorry about ~
I’m truly sorry about ~
I apologize for ~
Please accept my apology for ~
16. Business Scene vs. Casual Scene
Setting 1: Two friends discussing a problem
Mike: Hey, I’m terribly sorry for being late, man.
Todd: Mike, I’ve been waiting for an hour!
Mike: Please accept my apology for wasting your
time.
Todd: I forgive you.
17. Business Scene vs. Casual Scene
Setting 1: Two friends discussing a problem
Mike: Hey, sorry I’m late, man.
Todd: Mike, I’ve been waiting for an hour!
Mike: Sorry about that.
Todd: Don’t worry about it.
18. Business Scene vs. Casual Scene
Setting 2: Two business people discussing a problem
Sam: Hey, can I come in?
Eric: Um, I’m kind of in the middle of some work Sam, but sure.
Sam: I want to pick my daughter up from school. I need you to
let me leave work early today.
Eric: Sorry, can’t do that. Got too much work that needs to be
done.
19. Business Scene vs. Casual Scene
Setting 2: Two business people discussing a problem
Sam: Excuse me, may I come in?
Eric: Oh, hi Sam! I’m just finishing up some work, but sure, I
can spare a minute.
Sam: I would like to pick my daughter up from school. It would
be great if you could let me leave work early today.
Eric: Gosh, I’m terribly sorry but we need you here Sam. There’s
just too much work that needs to be done.
20. Conclusion
The final and most important point...
• You can never be too polite.
• Remember: Sincerity matters most.
• Show respect and you will be fine!
The objective of this lesson is to learn how to change your “language” in a variety of different situations.
“There is no such thing as polite speech in English.”
While this statement speaks truth about the language to some extent, when compared to a language like Japanese, which requires one to differentiate several types of speech clearly from one another, English learners should be aware of the difference between informal speech and polite speech.
In this lesson, you will learn the appropriate usage of informal speech and polite speech.
To be more polite, you need to be aware of what informal speech is, and what formal speech is.
Informal speech is used in casual situations, while formal speech is used in business situations.
Mastering how to use the auxiliary verbs, would and could, is an important part of learning polite speech.
Let’s look at some examples...
By replacing "want" with the auxillary verb, "would," expressing your needs seems less selfish to the listener.
When asking the listener for what they want, using "would" seems less direct and more polite.
Asking if something is "OK" instead of "alright" seems a bit more childish. It is best to switch the words in polite speech.
Asking the listener if they "mind" is less informal because you are considering the listener`s feelings.
Asking if something is "OK" instead of "alright" seems a bit more childish. It is best to switch the words in polite speech.
Asking the listener if they "mind" is less informal because you are considering the listener`s feelings.
In all of these examples, changing "can" to the auxiliary verb, "could," is an easy way to make your English more polite.
This is because you are asking the listener if your request is a possibility, instead of simply asking them to do it.
In the last example, you make the listener feel like they are doing you a favor by "sparing" or giving you their time. This makes it more polite and increases the listener`s likelihood of saying, "yes."
In all of these examples, changing "can" to the auxiliary verb, "could," is an easy way to make your English more polite.
This is because you are asking the listener if your request is a possibility, instead of simply asking them to do it.
In the last example, you make the listener feel like they are doing you a favor by "sparing" or giving you their time. This makes it more polite and increases the listener`s likelihood of saying, "yes."
Here are some other important expressions used in informal and polite speech...
By using "afraid" instead of "sorry," you express your disappointment that you are turning the listener down.
The second phrase here concentrates on the listener`s feelings about you interrupting, instead of just asking the listener if you can do what you want to do.
The third phrase becomes much more polite when you use "may" instead of "can." This is because "can" just asks the listener if they will allow you to come in, but "may" asks them if they will allow it and focuses more on how they feel about it.
The informal speech in the fourth example seems more like an order. By using "please," the sentence becomes a request.
There are a number of key phrases you should know on your journey to speaking polite English.
Here are just a few of these must-know key phrases:
I’m afraid ~
I was wondering if I could ~
Do you mind if I do something?
May I ~ ?
Please ~ OR you can also add “please” at the end of your question to make it sound more polite
e.g. Could you hold on for a second, please?
May I ~ ?
Please ~ OR you can also add “please” at the end of your question to make it sound more polite
e.g. Could you hold on for a second, please?
To be more polite, you need to be aware of what kind of scene or situation it is.
A business scene requires a higher level of politeness than a casual scene. You should use polite speech in a business scene and informal speech in a casual scene. The difference between informal speech and polite speech can sometimes be best shown in greetings. It is important to get these right because they are your first impression on someone.
Let’s look at some examples of different ways of saying “thank you”...
There are many different ways to say "Thank you."
In polite speech, it adds sincerity when you tell the listener why you are thankful. This lets them know you are really thinking about their efforts and the "thank you" seems much more personal.
There are many different ways to say "I’m sorry."
A short apology sounds less sincere, or less like you mean it. The more you go into detail about why you are sorry or what you are sorry for, the more polite your speech becomes. Adverbs also help to increase the level of politeness. They show the listener how sorry you are.
Now let’s take a look at the dialogue below.
See if you can change the word choices to make the level of politeness appropriate for the situation and speakers.
Setting 1: Two friends discussing a problem
Mike: Hey, I`m terribly sorry for being late, man.
Todd: Mike, I`ve been waiting for an hour!
Mike: Please accept my apology for wasting your time.
Todd: I forgive you.
The previous example seemed inappropriate, right?
Here is one way you could have changed the level of politeness to reflect the friendly relationship of the speakers and the informal setting:
[Correct]
Mike: Hey, sorry I’m late, man.
Todd: Mike, I’ve been waiting for an hour!
Mike: Sorry about that.
Todd: Don’t worry about it.
By using speech which is less polite and more informal, the situation seems more believable.
Let’s try again with a new setting.
Change the word choices to make the level of politeness appropriate for the situation and speakers.
Setting 2: Two business people discussing a problem
Sam: Hey, can I come in?
Eric: Um, I`m kind of in the middle of some work Sam, but sure.
Sam: I want to pick my daughter up from school. I need you to let me leave work early today.
Eric: Sorry, can`t do that. Got too much work that needs to be done.
Could you figure out what was inappropriate about the word choices in this conversation?
Here is one way you could have changed the level of politeness to reflect the professional relationship of the speakers and the formal setting:
[Correct]
Sam: Excuse me, may I come in?
Eric: Oh, hi Sam! I`m just finishing up some work, but sure, I can spare a minute.
Sam: I would like to pick my daughter up from school. It would be great if you could let me leave work early today.
Eric: Gosh, I`m terribly sorry but we need you here Sam. There`s just too much work that needs to be done.
By using speech which is more polite and more formal, the situation seems more believable.
The last point is quite simple: you can never be too polite.
You should always remember that it is your sincerity that matters the most when trying to speak politely in any formal situations. Show your respect and you will be fine in any situation.