Hello Dear students , I am Shubham Shukla from Kanpur and I studying in Kanpur University in course of M.sc( industrial chemistry) This ppt is basically based on how attar are made in industry and which equipment is necessary for that, and how we can modify the quality of attar. It is made by me after industrial visit. These industry make attar or essential from many different botanical sources. These are located in Kannauj (U.P) the perfume capital of India.

1. C.S.J.M UNIVERSITY KANPUR
SCHOOL OF BASIC SCIENCE
TOPIC- PREPARATION OF KEWDA ATTAR
SESSION 2022-2023
Submitted to-
Department of Chemistry
School of Basics Science
C.S.J.M. University,
Kanpur.
Submitted by-
Shubham Shukla
M.Sc. Industrial Chemistry
2nd Semester.
Roll No. 22118000014

2. CONTENTS
 Objective
 Introduction
 Types of attar
 Introduction to kewda attar
 Kewda flower’s extracts
 Equipment of Distillation
 Manufacturing processes
 Quality Standards
 Uses of Indian Attar
 Conclusion

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT
 To know about the manufacturing process of Ittar.
 To get the information which type of raw material and
sources are use in manufacturing of Indian attar.
 Which type of equipments are used while the manufacturing
process.
 Difference Kewda Attar for the consumers.
 The standard or quality of Indian Ittar.

4. INTRODUCTION
 Ittar, also known as attar, is an essential oil derived from
botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these
oils are extracted via hydro or steam distillation
technique involving a still (Deg) and receiving vessel
(bhapka). These techniques are still in use today at
Kannauj in India
 Attar can also be expressed by chemical means but
generally natural perfumes which qualify as attars are
distilled with water. The oils are generally distilled into a
wood base such as sandalwood/ dop oil/liquid paraffins
 Ittar is a natural perfume oil derived from botanical
sources, such as flowers (jasmine, rose, sandalwood and
more), herbs, spices, or barks.

5. TYPE OF ATTAR
There are 300 types of fragrant raw materials. Of these, 50%
are cultivated and the rest are Found in nature.
 Kewda (Pandanus odoratissimus)
 Gulab (Rosa damascena)
 Genda (Tagetes erecta)
 Motia (Jasmin sambac)
 Champa (Michelia champaca)
 Ratrani (Cestrum nocturnum)
 Mitti Attar
 Herbal & Spicy Attar

6. INTRODUCTION TO KEWDA ATTAR
 Botanical name:- Pandanus Odoratissimus
 Origin of country: India( Odisha)
 Colour:- Light yellow to brown
 Aroma : Sweet Floral (like Rose flower)
There 2 major types of Kewda tree – male plant and female
plant. However, when it comes to Making Kewra attar perfume
or kewra oil, only the flowers of the male plant are used. It is
Cultivated and grown in coastal localities. The plants of kewda
generally have flowers three times a year in seasons of
Summer, Monsoon And Winter.

7. INTRODUCTION TO KEWDA ATTAR
 During Monsoon season ( July- September) is considered the best
as they have rich aromatic characteristics. It grows to a height of 4
to 6 meter and is Generally found along the banks of rivers, canals,
rice fields ponds etc.
 Typically, a grown pandanus plant can produce about 30 to 35
flower spikes, where each of them Carries weight about 5 to 6
ounces.
 Ganjam district of Odisha supply about 85-90% of country’s
kewda.
 Flowering Season About 70% of flowers are produced in the
months of June and lasts up to September. The remaining are
picked mostly in November, January and April.

8. KEWDA FLOWER EXTRACTS
 Kewda Ruh (oil )
This is 100% pure oil extracted from male kewra flowers. It takes about 1,000
flowers (370 pounds) to produce one ounce of Kewra Ruh. In Ayurveda, the oil
is used as a stimulant, and to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
 Kewda Attar (perfume)
The Kewra flowers are distillated into sandalwood oil. Kewra Attar has about
3% to 5% Kewra oil, and the remainder is Sandalwood oil This is the most
popular perfume used in India. It is applied behind ears, and used to scent
clothes. The perfume is also added to various cosmetics.
 Kewda water ( Hydrosol)
The fragrant hydrosol (distillate of an essential oil) may be either a primary
product from low quality flowers collected during hot summer,The hydrosol is
used to flavor popular sweets such as Rasgulla, Rasmalai, and Ghulab
Jamun. It is used to flavor rice dishes such as biryanis

9. EQUIPMENTS:-
DISTILLATION UNIT
Many different types of equipment are used in the
manufacture of Kewda attar in the distillation unit.
 Deg
 Sarpos
 Chonga
 Bhapka
 Traditional Bhatti
 Gachchi or Cooling Water Tank
 Kuppi or Leather Bottle

10. EQUIPMENTS USED IN MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
The process is carried out in copper stills called Degs
as was done centuries ago. These are all direct fire
heated stills and their capacities can range from 10-
160 kilos of floral/herbal materials. The lid of the still
is called Sarpos and is also made of copper metal
having opening for connections to one or two
receivers.
2) Sarpose or Lid of deg
This is the covering equipment of Deg which is cover
the head region of the Deg after the filling up flower
and water, for the preventing of vapours expel out
from the inner side of the Deg
1)Deg or Still

11. The still and receiver are connected by a
Chonga. This is a hollow bamboo pipe
wrapped with twine for insulation.
3) Bhapka or Receiver
2) Chonga or Bamboo Condenser
One of the peculiar features of attars
distillation is that no separate condenser is
used. The unique odour of attars is
obtained by condensing vapours into the
base material, mainly sandalwood oil. The
receiver is built of copper and is of round
shape with long neck, for case in
connection with Deg via chonga. It is
known as Bhapka and it acts as condenser
as well.

12. 4) Traditional Bhatti or Furnace
Normally wood or coal is used for
heating. Heat is controlled manually.
5) Gachchi or Cooling Water Tank
This is the place where Bhapka, or
receiver is kept and used for cooling the
distillate from Deg.

13. 6) Kuppi or Leather Bottle
These are the bottle made from
leather of animals, The reason
for making these bottle is their
semi-permeability towards
water. It is used for removal of
moisture from attars. The leather
allows water to move-out and
attar to be remain, as such,
thereby separating the moisture
from attar. Copper has been the
main structural material for Deg
and Bhapka because it is
malleable, good conductor of
heat & easy to repair.

14. RAW MATERIALS
 Base Material: Sandal wood oil, Di- octyl
Phthalate (DOP) & Liquid paraffins
 Floral Material: Flower of Gulab, Kewra, Bela,
Mehndi, Kadam, Chmeli, Marigold, Saffron &
Maulshri.
 Flower material is collected from farmer. The
flower, which is found in more then from the
temple, is also used in making attar.
 Herb and species- Sugandh mantri, Laurel
berry, Juniper berry, Cypriol. Indianvalerian,
Jatamansi, ochium spicatum. Daru Haldi,
Sugandha Bala, Sugandha Kokila, Kulanjan,
Javitri/ Jaiphal, Clove, Saffron, Ambergris &
Musk.

15. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 Workers filled the copper containers or degs with right amount of water and flower.
 One of the craftsmen then seal the deg with a mixture of clay and cotton and they then
light firewood inside an earthen oven called bhatti and alchemy begins.
 The heat boils the water and baked flower until they emits steam. It condenses as it
travels through hollow bamboo pipe, or Chonga that connects to the bhapka, a smaller
container filled with sandalwood oil that forms the base of attar.
 Each and every last drop of fragrant water gather over six hours and in the mean time
temperature should be maintained constant by maintain fire but not too much otherwise
it will destroy the scent.
 Bhapka should be cool enough to turn the steam back into the liquid.
and the result, is all natural attar free from alcohols or artificial chemicals.
Here, lots of attars are produced but one of the most prized is “Gulab Attar” literally
meaning earth perfume .
 They are distilled and re distilled till the smell is potent enough.
 The last step is the bottling process, using funnel and a bucket, every tiny bottles is
filled by hand.

16. QUALITY STANDARD
Quality Standards
 The quality of Attars depends upon:
 (a) The quality of the flowers
 (b) The time duration between the plucking of
flower and discharging into the stills
 (c) The process parameters of distillation.

17. USES OF INDIAN ATTARS
 The kewda attar is used extensively by aroma therapists to relieve people
from headache, tensed muscles, nervous disorders and stress.
 All the Attars are used as perfumes. It is used by people as a personal
perfume, Particularly by Muslims due to the absence of alcohol.
 Pan Masala and Gutka are the largest consumer of Indian Attars and
consume nearly 90 % of all the Attar manufactured.
 The Attars are used as raw materials for agrabatti (incense stick),
dhoopbatti and Hawan samigree, pan masala, soap industries and the
cosmetics, and Aromatherapy sectors.
 Kewra oil is extensively used as an antibacterial and an antiseptic that
can heal wounds and injuries.
 It is used as a Pain killer and also used as massage oil.

18. CONCLUSION
From Mughal period and more than 60% of local
population is engaged in the business. Attar manufacturers
claim the present government could have helped Kannauj
in many more ways like giving them training and financial
assistance and helping them approach multinational
companies for bulk deals, an exporter says "the industry
needs latest research and testing laboratories to meet
international standards and quality of products.

19. Thank you…