The document discusses various pests and diseases that affect honeybees, including Nosema, Varroa mites, tracheal mites, wax moths, small hive beetles, European foulbrood, and American foulbrood. It provides descriptions of the organisms, symptoms they cause, and potential treatment methods both chemical and natural/organic. A variety of products are also presented for preventing and treating different honeybee problems, such as essential oils, Apivar strips, Fumagilin, and Mite Away Quick Strips. Detection and monitoring techniques are explained for various pests like Varroa mites and Nosema spores.
A basic introductory overview of honey bees and beekeeping. Some slides specific to Northern California and the San Francisco bay Area. The deck has been used at corporate team-building events along with honey tasting and a live hive inspection.
A basic introductory overview of honey bees and beekeeping. Some slides specific to Northern California and the San Francisco bay Area. The deck has been used at corporate team-building events along with honey tasting and a live hive inspection.
The science that aims to study the life, behavior & activity of honey bee in order to obtain bee products and crop pollination. Honey bee is a social & beneficial insect. They lives in hive.
“Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing honeybees. “ The word 'apiculture' comes from the Latin word 'apis' meaning bee. So, apiculture or beekeeping is the care and management of honey bees for the production of honey and the wax.
All about honey bees like their function,biology,pollination,threats to honeybees,which problems we will face in the absence of honey bees,importance of honeybees and the conclusion that we must have to save our bees so that the flowernig plants get pollinated
Bee keeping - supporting business to Indian farming lekshmi. anil
welcome
1- introduction
2- different spp of honey bees and their characteristics
3-bee keeping and its history
4-methods of bee keeping
5-appliances for bee keeping
6-bee pasturage
7-products of bee keeping( enlisted)
8-diseases and pests of honey bees
9- how bee keeping a supporting business to indian farming
10- success story of bee keeping
11-scopes of bee keeping
insect and non insect pest and disease of honeybees.pptxDev Superio
This come under experiential learning program.This will cover topic like insect ,non insect pests and diseases of honeybees and their management and colony collapse disorder.
This will be helpful for those who are entitled under this prograame.
http://buzzbeekeepingsupplies.com/beekeeping-equipment/ Beekeeping Equipment- Here is a list of equipment needed for beekeeping. Presented by Buzz Beekeeping Supplies
The science that aims to study the life, behavior & activity of honey bee in order to obtain bee products and crop pollination. Honey bee is a social & beneficial insect. They lives in hive.
“Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing honeybees. “ The word 'apiculture' comes from the Latin word 'apis' meaning bee. So, apiculture or beekeeping is the care and management of honey bees for the production of honey and the wax.
All about honey bees like their function,biology,pollination,threats to honeybees,which problems we will face in the absence of honey bees,importance of honeybees and the conclusion that we must have to save our bees so that the flowernig plants get pollinated
Bee keeping - supporting business to Indian farming lekshmi. anil
welcome
1- introduction
2- different spp of honey bees and their characteristics
3-bee keeping and its history
4-methods of bee keeping
5-appliances for bee keeping
6-bee pasturage
7-products of bee keeping( enlisted)
8-diseases and pests of honey bees
9- how bee keeping a supporting business to indian farming
10- success story of bee keeping
11-scopes of bee keeping
insect and non insect pest and disease of honeybees.pptxDev Superio
This come under experiential learning program.This will cover topic like insect ,non insect pests and diseases of honeybees and their management and colony collapse disorder.
This will be helpful for those who are entitled under this prograame.
http://buzzbeekeepingsupplies.com/beekeeping-equipment/ Beekeeping Equipment- Here is a list of equipment needed for beekeeping. Presented by Buzz Beekeeping Supplies
This PowerPoint Gives The Information All That You Want To Know About Sericulture , Silkworm rearing And Everything Else .
This Was Done In PowerPoint 2016.
Muga culture is endemic to Assam and practiced in this region since a long period. This PPT highlights the brief process and practice of Muga culture- form Soil to Silk.
mortalidad delas abejas si el ácido oxálico se aplica en temporada de frío. Posiblemente esto se deba aque las abejas mojadas no resisten bien al frío nocturno. Por lo cual se debería aplicar solamente cuando la temperatura no este inferior a 10ºC en la noche. Por otra parte, investigadores europeos mencionan que el ácido oxálico tiende a reducir la duración de vida de las abejas de invierno Esto significa que en clima templado, si se aplica este producto en otoño, puede haber problemas de despoblación en la primavera siguiente. En México y la mayor parte de américa, no se presenta el invierno drástico de los climas templados. Según nuestra experiencia, nunca ha habido problemas consecutivos al manejo de este producto, por lo cual se puede usar en Los resultados han sido muy buenos, debido a que se hace el tratamiento en épocas de invierno, que es el momento justo en el que la reina no se encuentra poniendo huevos, debido a las bajas temperaturas. Con este tipo de tratamientos se asegura eliminar cerca de 99% de la población de Varroa.
En México el fenómeno de invernación de las colonias no se produce, ya que existe cría todo el año. Esta gran diferencia hace que el combate contra Varroa no sea solo de una vez al año sino que se tiene que tratar por lo menos dos veces al año.
cualquier temporada. Sin embargo, por la falta de información, recomendamos a los apicultores de clima templado (particularmente sur de Chile y Argentina) no aplicar el ácido oxálico en otoño, sino solo en primavera, cuando las abejas no necesitan vivir por un largo tiempo.
Expunerea cu titlul "Tratamentele anti varroa, sănătatea albinelor şi calitatea mierii"prezentata de Dr. Zbigniew Lipinski, Varşovia, Polonia, cercetător în apicultură, specialist în patologia insectelor utile cu ocazia simpozionului Priorităţi în apicultura zilelor noastre”, Bucuresti, 6 iunie 2008, la Universităţii de Ştiinţe Agronomice şi Medicină Veterinară Bucureşti
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
4. Nosema arises mostly in the spring after periods of
bad weather, although it may also be a winter disease
that is only noticed in the spring when beekeepers
first inspect their hives. The female worker bees are
most strongly afflicted, less so the drones. The queen
bee is rarely infected since afflicted bees rarely
participate in feeding the queen. The most notable
symptom is dysentery. This appears as yellow stripes
on the outside of the hive and in severe cases, inside
the hive. Bees may be unable to fly ("crawling") due
to disjointed wings. If the queen is infected, her
ovaries degenerate and ovum production drops due
to atrophy of the ova, after which she is likely to be
superseded.
5. Fumagilin®-B
Now more than ever it is important to
treat for Nosema. Fumagilinsup>®-B fed
in sugar syrup both spring and fall will
help keep your spore counts low.
Easy to Mix.
Dissolves without heating and mixes
directly into syrup.
Nosema
Prevention:
7. VarroaMite Detection
Sticky Board
This sticky board can be used with or
without the screen to monitor or diagnose
a varroa infestation. If placed directly on
the bottom board, the screen will be
needed to keep the bees from the adhesive.
When used in conjunction with a screened
bottom board, the replacement sticky
board can be used alone. The sticky board
is conveniently printed with the grid lines
to aid in determining the number of mites
present.
8. Varroa Mite Detection:
Paula Macedo, a U of Nebraska Graduate Student, found a new way to
check colonies for Varroa mites that is more efficient than ether roll,
and NOT necessary to kill bees to conduct the test.
MATERIALS:
A wide mouth canning jar (quart or pint) with a two piece lid.
#8 mesh hardware cloth (or any mesh that will retain bees, but pass
varroa)
Window Screen (or any fine mesh that will retain Varroa, but pass
powdered sugar)
Retain the metal ring of the two piece lid and discard the center
portion.
Cut a circle of #8 mesh hardware cloth to fit the inside of the ring.
Collect 200-300 bees in the jar. Add powdered sugar (enough to coat
the bees, about 1 tsp. to 1 tbsp.) through the #8 mesh hardware cloth
lid.
9. Roll the jar around to distribute the sugar. Allow the jar to sit for a few minutes
Then invert the jar over a piece of paper and shake to recover the mites. The bees
will remain in the jar, but the mites and sugar will pass through the #8 mesh to the
paper.
The sugar will make it difficult to count the mites. Hence, pour the sugar and mites
into another jar with a fine mesh. lid. Shake again and allow the sugar to escape
through the mesh. A brief shaking will usually recover about 70% of the mites, but
longer shaking will produce about 90% recovery. Dump the mites on a clean sheet
of paper and count them.
3 possible reasons for the efficacy of this technique:
1) Varroa mite legs have a sticky pad called the empodium that helps them adhere
to their host bee. The presence of powdered sugar could make it difficult for mites
to adhere to their host bee.
2) Powdered sugar stimulates the bees' natural grooming behavior.
3) The powdered sugar on the mite's body stimulates mites to release from feeding
on the host bee to groom themselves.
Varroa Mite Detection Continued:
10. Natural or "essential" oils produced by plants assist in
repelling predatory insects or to render the plant in some way
toxic to the insect if ingested. Essential oils have been shown
to have antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal and miticidal
effects on various pathogens and pests under both laboratory
and field conditions.
Essential oils have been used for treating honey bee
afflictions, including infestations of parasitic mites (varroa
and Acarine (tracheal) mites). Laboratory and field tests have
shown that they are between 50% and 95% effective in this
role.
Mite Prevention& Treatment
12. MiteZapper® - Chemical Free Varroa Mite Control - Without Opening
Your Colony
Resembling a heating element, the MiteZapper® is a hive frame that is
built as a Drone Foundation. Varroa mites are 10 - 12 times more likely
to prefer drone cells. Install the MiteZapper® into the super as easily as a
regular frame. After the bees seal the brood, the beekeeper connects
the frame to the control box, which is then connected to a 12 volt
vehicle battery (not included) for about 8 minutes. The electricity
produces enough heat to kill both the pupae and the mites. The bees
then remove the dead brood/mites within 24 - 36 hours. Treatment is
performed approximately 5 times per year.
Chemical Free Mite Control:
14. APIVAR DRAMATICALLY CUTS MITE POPULATION
A study conducted by the research arm of the USDA
in the spring of 2012 shows that Apivar® was
responsible for a 52-fold drop in mite population
compared to an untreated hive. This demonstrates
the effectiveness of Apivar’s® controlled-release
technology.
APIVAR STRIPS SAVE TIME AND EFFORT
Apivar® is packaged in vacuum-sealed foil pouches
tha each contain 10 strips. A single application of two
strips per brood chamber is sufficient to treat a hive,
so you spend less time and effort treating your bees,
and there is less disruption of the bees than with
many other treatments.
Apivar® has been approved under Section 18 emergency use exemptions in select states. Apivar® does not
have Section 18 approval in all states. Prior to using this product, contact your local Department of
Agriculture or Mann Lake at 800-880-7694 to determine the status of Section 18 authorization in your state.
Treating Mites with
Chemicals from Mann Lake
15. Mite Away II ™ Quick-Strip (MAQS™)
The Quick Strips have a treatment period of just 7
days. Daytime temperatures must be between 50 -
92ºF. Strips are laid across the tops of the brood
frames and they can be used during a honey flow if
necessary. A spacer rim is no longer needed for these
strips but you still need to wear the recommended
safety equipment for acid. Now available in all states!
Update! Formic acid, the pesticide in Mite Away
strips, has been approved for varroa and tracheal
mite control in organic honey production. Read the
details of the new ruling at
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=A
MS-NOP-11-0058-0027
16. Api Life Var® Thymol Strips
An alternative product for Varroa treatment.
Up to 95% efficacy, most effective when the
temperature range is 65º- 95ºF (18º - 35ºC).
Three applications are necessary at 7-10 day
intervals. When treating using 3 wafers per
colony, the 10 pack will treat approximately
6 colonies and the 100 pack will treat
approximately 66 colonies. Not available for
sale in HI or CA.
17. Caution:They do cause contamination of wax and honey,
but the levels are minimal. Three delivery methods are used in bee hives... Slow fumigation, fast
fumigation and admixture with sugar syrup feed, which has both a direct ingestion component
and a certain amount of slow fumigation.
The terms 'slow' and 'fast' are used here to indicate the difference
between passive fumigation by a bottle with a wick (or a felt pad in a honey jar lid) and the
burning of pungent leaves in a smoker or delivering an aerosol of the oil compound.
Historically 'Oil of wintergreen' (methyl salicylate) has been used
against acarine mites for a century or more. Although thyme oil and eucalyptus oil have also been
used. Menthol crystals at a rate of 50g per hive are most favored in USA. There is a newly
formulated micro encapsulated version of menthol which is now being added to honey bee feed.
This material has shown promising results so far.
The commonly used essential oils for varroa control, are
thymol, eucalyptus, and wintergreen. These oils can be applied singly or in concert. When
applied as fumigants, the effectiveness of thymol and other essential oils against varroa mites
depends greatly on temperature, time of the year and colony strength. Due to the inconsistency
and unreliability of essential oils for mite control, they cannot be used alone. However, their use
does fit well into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for alternating use with other
control measures.
18. Mann Lake Medication Kit:
1 ten pack Check Mite+ Strips (V. Mites)
1 ten pack MiteAThol Menthol (Tracheal
Mites)
1 Terra Patties Mix (10) (Foulbrood)
Price: $55.00
19. HONEY-B-HEALTHY
A honeybee feeding stimulant
composed of lemongrass and
spearmint oil concentrate.
HONEY-B-HEALTHY helps
promote healthy vigorous
hives when used as a feeding
stimulant.
Developed in 1995 by a
commercial beekeeper
Rich in essential oils!
Dadant & Sons
20. Essential Oils
From Mann Lake
· feeding stimulant composed of
lemongrass and spearmint (essential oils
concentrate)
· helps promote healthy, vigorous hives ·
when used as a feeding stimulant during
late winter, early spring and during
dearths of nectar
· natural calming effect when sprayed on
the bees
· antibacterial, antifungal and
antimicrobial which aids in the overall
health of the bees
· helps build up packages, nucs and
swarms
· prevents syrup fermentation
when used as a spray, stimulates bees to
draw out new foundation faster
22. Chalk Brood
The most common brood disease found in most areas.
Caused by a fungus (Ascosphaera apis).
Found in colonies which are stressed by:
· humid weather
· low colony population
· American foulbrood
· mite infestation
· poor nutrition
· poor hive management
· weather extremes (cold clustering and heat fanning)
· unattended brood & insufficient nurse bee #’s
23. Most often the first larvae affected are those that
may be unattended regularly around the edges of
the brood where the brood temperature may not
be consistent.
CHALK BROOD TREATMENT:
There are no medications
Best organic treatment is to eliminate stress factors.
Get bee population up in the spring and keep it up!!
Cleaning behavior of the workers maybe only second or
third to good ventilation and hive population, to resist
chalkbrood.
http://www.beecoolventilators.com/chalkbrood.php
26. 8+
Use this trap any time beetles are present.
However since Small Hive Beetles (S.H.B.)
are temperature sensitive it will be far more
effective during late spring to fall when beetles
are out of the cluster and most active. Included
with your West Beetle Trap are wooden
spacers needed to modify your bottom board,
to allow the honey bees to enter and exit the
hive while the West Beetle Trap is in place
Hive Beetle Aid:
27. Mini Beetle Blaster
Mini-Mating Nucs are prime
targets for the hive beetle. Fill
the Mini Beetle Blaster with oil
and the beetles won't be able to
get out of the trap.
29. Para-Moth® Wax Moth Control
Para-Moth® is used to control wax moths in
stored supers. Place 3 oz. (85.04g or 6
tablespoons) on a paper plate and place on top
bars of uppermost super. Stack 5 deep supers
or 9 shallow supers and cover with a tarp.
Equipment should be aired for several days
before use.Do not use in the hive or with cut
comb honey or unextracted combs of honey.
Wax Moth
Control:
30. Wax Moths
Very destructive insect pest in the beehive
Adult is heavy-bodied, small moth about ½”
to ¾” long, wings vary in color from grayish
to brown and the underside is light gray. The
mated females will fly into a colony 1 to 3
hours after dark and lay their eggs and then
leave before daylight. The eggs are laid in
masses and are light in color.
31. A fat larvae worm will be visible.
Larvae is pointed at both ends with a brown
head and can get up to 1" in length Will
stay in the larvae state from 18 days to 3
mos. Prefer darker comb and will chew out
oval depressions throughout your hive Will
destroy the comb and woodenware. Wax
moths begin spinning a cocoon that can
cover your frames .
Wax Moths Continued;
32. Treating Wax Moths
There are no chemicals approved to kill
these wax worms while in your hive. The
only sure way to keep this from becoming a
problem in your hive is to keep your bees
strong and healthy so they can manage
them successfully on their own.
33. Several options; remove the infected
super and add it to a very strong
colony that will clean it up, place the
comb inside a plastic bag and place in a
freezer for 2 days, or some in the deep
south, will place the infested combs
over a fire ant nest for a day or so to
clean up.
Wax Moth Problems:
34. If you make cut comb honey it is necessary
to freeze your comb for at least 2 days, this
will kill the eggs and prevent them from
hatching inside the packaging.
Extracting supers can be treated with
Paradichlorobenzene (PDB). Simply stack
the extracted dry supers about 5 high (hive
bodies) or 10 high (supers) and place 6 oz.
of the crystals on top of a square of
newspaper in the top super. It is necessary
to make sure that all cracks are taped shut;
35. you are basically making a fumigation
chamber. Check stacked supers every 6 wks
in warm climates as moths may get back
into the stacked supers and lay more eggs
when the PDB has vaporized. Make sure
that the supers are aired out for several days
before placing back on the hive. Use only
the PDB, DO NOT use commercially
available moth balls; it has other chemicals
that are unsafe for bees and humans.
37. Erratic or uneven brood pattern · Twisted larvae
w/ creamy-white guts visible through the body
wall; melted down, yellowy-white larvae ·
Unpleasant, sour odor · Loosely-attached brown
scales
Unlike AFB, the remains of larvae that die from
EFB do not rope when drawn out with a
matchstick.
European Foul Brood
39. American Foulbrood (AFB)
* most fatal of honeybee brood diseases
• Spores germinate in the gut of the larva and the
vegetative form of the bacteria begins to grow.
• A good field test is to touch dead larva with a
toothpick or twig. It will be sticky and "ropey"
• Has a characteristic odor, - experienced beekeepers
with a good sense of smell can often detect the
disease upon opening a hive. The most reliable
disease diagnosis is done by sending in some
possibly affected brood comb to a laboratory
specialized in identifying honey bee diseases.
40. American Foul Brood
spores are extremely resistant to
desiccation and can remain viable for more
than 40 years in honey and beekeeping
equipment. Therefore, honey from an
unknown source should never be used as
bee feed, and used beekeeping equipment
should be assumed contaminated unless
known to be otherwise.
41. When cleaning infected cells, bees
distribute spores throughout the entire
colony. Disease spreads rapidly throughout
the hive as the bees, attempting to remove
the spore-laden dead larvae, contaminate
brood food. Nectar stored in contaminated
cells will contain spores and soon the brood
chamber becomes filled with contaminated
honey..
American Foul Brood
42. As this honey is moved up into the supers,
the entire hive becomes contaminated with
spores. When the colony becomes weak
from AFB infection, robber bees may enter
and take contaminated honey back to their
hives thereby spreading the disease to other
colonies and apiaries. Beekeepers also may
spread disease by moving equipment
(frames or supers) from contaminated hives
to healthy ones.
American Foul Brood
43. The only way to get rid of
American Foul Brood is to
burn all your equipment!
44. All-inclusive liquid protein with 20 amino
acids vital for bee health. Protein Benefits:
Stimulates brood rearing when there is no
natural pollen or nectar, Simulates a nectar
flow and pollen bloom when using 1:1
sugar syrup with Honey-B-Healthy plus
protein, Provides all vital amino acids plus
9 more, reinforces worn-out, stored pollen
for late winter brood rearing. When fed in
sugar water with Honey-B-Healthy
stimulates rapid build-up of nucs, swarms,
package bees and weak colonies. It can be
used to help produce high quality queens
by providing protein for royal jelly.