Bhaishajya kalpana, paribhasha, anupana, bheshaj sevan kala, mana paribhasha, saveeryata avadhi, aushada matra, aushada namakarana, dose, drug collection & storage.

1. Seminar on adharabhutha siddhantha of
bhaishajya kalpana

2. INDRODUCTION
 Every science will have its own set of
basic principles .which guide us as we
advance with the best.
 They are the base for the further theories
in it.
 Bhaishajya kalpana adharabhuta
siddhantas can be considered as basic
fundamental principles of aushadha
nirmana.

3. Adharabhuta siddhanta’s of Bhaishajya
kalpana may be listed as below
• Paribhasha
• Dravya sangrahana and samrakshana
• Rasa ,guna, virya,vipaka,prabhava
• Mana paribhasha
• Panchavidha kashaya kalpana
• Aushadha namakarana
• Aushadha sevana kala
• Saviryata avadhi
• Aushadha matra
• Anupana

4. PARIBHASHA
• In bhaishajya kalpana and Rasa shasthra
certain technical terms are often used.
• The term paribhasha means the definition
given to any classical terminology to
clarify its broader and clearer meaning.
 ÌlÉaÉÔRûÉlÉÑ£üsÉåzÉÉå£üxÉÎlSakÉÉjÉïmÉëS
ÏÌmÉMüÉ|
xÉÑÌlÉͶÉiÉÉjÉÉï ÌuÉoÉÑkÉæ:mÉËUpÉÉwÉÉ
निगद्यते(U. iÉ 22)
• The paribhasha is a statement that gives a
clear and distinct meaning of a word or an
expression.

5. • It clarifies the concealed,hidden
unclear,vague, and confusing meaning of a
word or a verse in the classics.
• The paribhasha are like guiding lights in
understanding every concept in the
classics.
sÉuÉhÉ mÉlcÉMü:
 xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉÇ xÉælkÉuÉgcÉ
ÌuÉQûqÉÉæÎkpÉSqÉåuÉ cÉ|
xÉÉqÉÑSìåhÉ xÉWæûiÉÉÌlÉ mÉlcÉ
xrÉÑsÉïuÉhÉÉÌlÉ cÉ||

6.  xÉælkÉuÉlcÉÉjÉ xÉÉqÉÑSìÇ ÌuÉQÇû
xÉÉæuÉcÉïsÉÇ iÉjÉÉ|
UÉåqÉMügcÉåÌiÉ ÌuÉalÉårÉÇ
oÉÑkÉæsÉïuÉhÉmÉgcÉMüqÉç|| (U.iÉ.23)
sÉuÉhȨ́ÉMü:
 ÍxÉlkÉÑeÉÇ ÂcÉMÇü mÉÉYrÉqÉåiÉiÉç
̧ÉsÉuÉhÉÇ xqÉëÑiÉqÉç| (U.iÉ.24)
 iɧÉÉÌmÉ xÉælkÉuÉÇ qÉÑZrÉÇ
Ìuɲΰ:mÉËUMüÐÌiÉïiÉqÉç|
E£åü sÉuÉhÉxÉÉqÉÉlrÉå xÉælkÉuÉÇ

7. Trikatu :
ÌmÉmmÉsÉÏ qÉËUcÉÇ zÉÑhPûÏ
निनित्र्यूषणमुच्यते|(zÉÉ.qÉ.612)
Collective name for shunti,maricha and
pippali,taken in equal quantities.
Ksharadwaya
Swarji kshara and yavakshara.
• Ksharatraya
• Yavakshara
• Swarjikshara
• Tankana

8. ¤ÉÉU mÉlcÉMü:
mÉsÉÉzÉqÉÑzMüMü¤ÉÉUÉæ
rÉuɤÉÉU:xÉÑuÉÍcÉïMüÉ|
ÌiÉsÉlÉÉsÉÉå°uÉ:¤ÉÉU:xÉÇrÉÑ£Çü
¤ÉÉUmÉgcÉMüqÉç|| (U.U.xÉ
1069)
 Kadali kshara( Musa paradisiaca)
 Mushkaka patala (stereospermum
suaveolens)
 Palasha kshara (Butea monosperma)
 Tilakshara (sesamum indicum) and

9. ¤ÉÉUɹMü:
 xÉÑkÉÉmÉsÉÉzÉÍzÉZÉUÍcÉgcÉÉMïüÌiÉsÉlÉÉsÉeÉ
É: |
xuÉÎeÉïMüÉ rÉÉuÉzÉÔMüxcÉ
¤ÉÉUɹMüqÉÑSɾÒûiÉqÉç || (U.iÉ.28)
 Snuhi kshara
 Palasha kshara
 Apamarga ( shikhari) kshara
 Cincha kshara
 Arka kshara
 Tila kshara
 Swargika kshara
 Yava kshara

10. qÉÔ§ÉɹMü :
• AÌuÉqÉÔ§ÉqÉeÉÉqÉÔ§ÉÇ aÉÉåqÉÔ§ÉÇ
qÉÉÌWûwÉÇ cÉ rÉiÉç|
WûÎxiÉqÉÔ§ÉqÉjÉÉå·íxrÉ WûrÉxrÉ cÉ ZÉUxrÉ
cÉ ||(cÉ.xÉÔ 114)
Urine of
• Female sheep
• Goat
• Cow
• Buffalo
• Elephant
• Camel and

11. AÉqsÉuÉaÉï:
eÉqoÉÏUÇ ÌlÉqoÉÑMügcÉæuÉ
iuÉqsÉuÉåiÉxÉqÉÎqsÉMüÉ |
lÉÉU…û SÉÌQûqÉgcÉæuÉ uÉפÉÉqsÉÇ
oÉÏeÉmÉÔUMüqÉç||
cÉÉ…åûUÏ cÉhÉMüÉqsÉgcÉ
MüMïülkÉÑ:MüUqÉSïMü:
cÉÑÌ¢üMüÉ cÉåÌiÉ xÉÉqÉÉlrÉSqsÉuÉaÉï:
mÉëMüÐÌiÉïiÉ: (U.iÉ 214)

12. AqsÉmÉlcÉMü:
AqsÉuÉåiÉxÉeÉqoÉÏUsÉÑ…ûlÉÉU…ûÌlÉqoÉÑM
æü: |
TüsÉmÉlcÉÉqsÉMÇü ZrÉÉiÉÇ
MüÐÌiÉïiÉgcÉÉqsÉmÉgcÉMüqÉç ||
( U.iÉ.215)
• Amlavetasa (garcinia pedunculata)
• Jambira nimbu (citrus lemon)
• Maatulunga (citrus medica )
• Naaranga (citrous reticulata)

13. mÉgcÉÌiÉ£ :
• aÉÑQÕûcÉÏ ÌlÉqoÉqÉÔsÉiuÉMçü
ÍpÉwÉQèqÉÉiÉÉ ÌlÉÌSÎakÉMüÉ |
mÉOûÉåsÉmɧÉÍqÉirÉåiÉiÉç mÉgcÉÌiÉ£Çü
mÉëMüÐÌiÉïiÉqÉç ||(U.iÉ.218)
Guduchi
Nimba
Vasa
Kantakaari
Patola .

14. qÉkÉÑU§ÉrÉ :
bÉëÑiÉÇ aÉÑQûÉå qÉÉͤÉMügcÉ ÌuÉalÉårÉÇ
qÉkÉÑU§ÉrÉqÉç (U.U.xÉ 1070)
• Ghee
• Jaggery
• Honey

15. mÉgcÉÉqÉ×iÉ :
aÉurÉÇ ¤ÉÏUÇ SÍkÉ bÉ×iÉÇ qÉÉͤÉMÇü
cÉÉjÉ zÉMïüUÉ |
mÉgcÉÉqÉ×iÉÇ xÉqÉÉZrÉiÉÇ
UxÉMüqÉïmÉëxÉÉkÉMüqÉç ||
(U.iÉ.221)
• Godugdha
• Godadhi
• Goghritha
• Makshika

16. mÉgcÉaÉurÉ:
aÉurÉÇ ¤ÉÏUÇ SÍkÉ bÉ×iÉÇ aÉÉåqÉÔ§ÉÇ
aÉÉåqÉrÉÇ iÉjÉÉ |
LMü§É rÉÉåÎeÉiÉÇ iÉÑsrÉÇ
mÉgcÉaÉurÉÍqÉWûÉåcrÉiÉå || (U.iÉ.222)
 Godugdha.
 Godadhi .
 Goghritha .
 Gomutra.
 Gomaya

17. Mutrashtaka (Ra.ta.211)
• Mahisha mutra.
• Aja mutra .
• Avi mutra .
• Ushtra mutra.
• Gomutra .
• Khara mutra .
• Hasti mutra .
• Haya mutra

18. mÉgcÉqÉ×̨ÉMü:
D̹MüÉcÉÔhÉïMÇü pÉxqÉ iÉjÉÉ
uÉsqÉÏMüqÉ×̨ÉMüÉ|
aÉæËUMÇü sÉuÉhÉgcÉåÌiÉ
MüÐÌiÉïiÉÉ:mÉgcÉqÉ×̨ÉMüÉ: ||(U.iÉ.219)
• Ishtika churna(brick powder).
• Bhasma (wood ash).
• Valmika (ant hill mud).
• Gairika ( haematite).
• Saindhava lavana.

19. kÉluÉliÉUÏ pÉÉaÉ:
AkÉïÇ ÍxÉ®UxÉxrÉ iÉæsÉbÉë×iÉrÉÉåsÉåïWûxrÉ
pÉÉaÉÉå A¹qÉ:|
xÉÇÍxÉ®ÉÎZÉsÉsÉÉåWûcÉÔhÉïuÉOûMüÉSÏlÉÉÇ
iÉjÉÉ xÉmiÉqÉ:
rÉÉå SÏrÉiÉå ÍpÉwÉauÉUÉrÉ aÉÌSÍpÉÌlÉïÌSïzrÉ
kÉluÉliÉUÏqÉç|
xÉuÉÉï AÉUÉåarÉxÉÑZÉÉmiÉrÉå ÌlÉaÉÌSiÉÉå
pÉÉaÉ: xÉ kÉluÉÇiÉUå: ||
(U.U.xÉ 82)
Share of the physician
• Rasaoushadhis,ghrita,taila -12.
• Bhasma of
metals,minerals,gems,curna,vataka-17th.

20. Paribhasha significance and
essentiality:
 mÉËUpÉÉwÉÉkrÉÉrÉqÉÉSÉæ rÉÉå AkÉÏiÉå
UxÉxÉÉkÉMü:|
रसतन्त्रार्थनिalÉÉlÉå lÉ xÉ qÉѽÉÌiÉ
MÑü§ÉÍcÉiÉç ||(U.iÉ.21)
The person who masters the paribhasha
prakarana ,before going into the science,he
Confronts no difficulties in understanding the
subject.Therefore the knowledge of
paribhasha is most essential and equally
significant.

21. Dravya sangraha and samrakshana :
• The therapeutic efficacy of any drug
depends strongly on the methods followed
for its collection and storage .
• Points of significance during drug
collection are as below:
• Time of drug collection .
• Place of drug collection .
• The state of drug collection .
• Method of drug collection.
• Storage and preservation.

22. Time of drug collection :
General rules ;
• The raw materials used in ayurveda shall be
collected according to part used,season,potency
etc in a specific manner.
• Time of collection acc to part used
• acc to charaka
• iÉåwÉÉÇ zÉÉZÉÉmÉsÉÉzÉqÉÍcÉUmÉëÃRÇû
uÉwÉÉïuÉxÉliÉrÉÉåaÉëÉï½Ç,aÉëÏwqÉå
qÉÔsÉÉÌlÉ ÍzÉÍzÉUå cÉ zÉÏhÉïmÉëÃRûÉlÉÉÇ,
zÉUÌS iuÉ‚ülS¤ÉÏUÉÍhÉ, WåûqÉliÉå xÉÉUÉÍhÉ
,rÉjÉiÉÑï mÉÑwmÉTüsÉÍqÉÌiÉ......| (cÉ.Mü.110)

23. Part used season
Tender leaves and branches varsha and vasanta rutu .
Roots
a)for ushna veerya dravya.
b) For sheeta veerya dravya
Greeshma rutu.
Sishira rutu
Bark,tubers & latex sharad rutu.
Heart wood (saara) hemantha rutu .
Flowers and fruits . acc to their season.

24. Acc to sushruta:
parts Time of
collection
Roots pravrit
leaves varsha rutu.
Bark sarat ritu
latex hemantha ritu.
Heart wood vasantha ritu.
Fruit Greeshma ritu

25. c)Acc to RAAJA NIGHANTU :
parts Time of collection
kanda Hemanta ritu
Mula and patra Sisira ritu
Pushpa and phala Vasanta
Tender leaves greeshma ritu
Panchangas sarat ritu.

26. cont….
• Saradh ritu is best time for collection of
herbs for all types of preparations.
• However ,for the drugs of vamana and
virechana the best time is vasanta ritu .
• zÉUSÎZÉsÉMüÉrÉÉïjÉïÇ aÉëɽÇ
xÉUxÉqÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç|
ÌuÉUåMüuÉqÉlÉÉjÉïÇ cÉ uÉxÉliÉÉliÉå
xÉqÉÉWûUåiÉç ||(zÉ.mÉë.159).

27. Cont…
• Reason behind this is that the drugs
collected in that particular season will
posses the optimum potency level and
prabhava.
• As a general opinion acarya
sharangadhara says that all ushna veerya
dravya are to be collected from vindhya
parvata and which are known for its hot
temperature.
• He also says that sheeta veerya dravyas
should be collected from himalaya.

28. Time of the day for drug collection:
• It is indicated by many classical texts that
the aushadha dravya are to be collected in
early morning hours .
aÉÚÎhWûrÉÉiÉÉÌlÉ xÉÑqÉlÉÉ: zÉÑÍcÉ: mÉëÉiÉ:
xÉÑuÉÉxÉUå|(zÉ.mÉë.156)
• Perhaps at brahma murhartha kala the
yield and the potency of the drugs are
expected to be more .

29. • Bhumi of mahabhuta predominance and
drug collection:
• Sushruta described the significance of soil while
collecting the drugs for different therapeutic
procedure.

30. Prithvi and jala
mahabhuta pradhana
virechana dravyas
Agni ,akasha and vayu
pradhana bhumi
vamana dravya.
Both the above soils
together
Ubhaya bhaga hara
dravya.
Akasha pradhana
bhumi
Shamana dravya

31. Place from where drugs should not be
collected :
Ref sha.pra.158
• Valmika-anthill soil.
• Kutsita –bibhatsa sthana .
• Anupa –marshy land.
• Smashana –burial ground.
• Ushara pradesha-saline soil.
• Marga –walking lanes.
• Jantu pidita .
• Agnidagdha.
• Himavyapta

32. Stage of drug collection :
• Though the general rule speaks about the
collection of all the drugs in fresh
form,there are exceptions to this,where in
the few of the drugs collected should be
old .
• lÉuÉÉlrÉåuÉ ÌWû rÉÉåerÉÉÌlÉ
SìurÉÉhrÉÎZÉsÉMüqÉïxÉÑ|
ÌuÉlÉÉ ÌuÉQ…¡éûMÚüwhÉÉprÉÉÇ
aÉÑQûkÉÉlrÉÉerÉqÉÉͤÉMæü:||
(zÉÉ.mÉë.144)

33. However sushruta mentions that whether the
drug is nava or purana it doesn’t matter much
but the rasa,gandha and other inherent
properties of the drugs are to be un-spoilt.
• ÌuÉaÉlkÉålÉÉपरामृष्टमनिपन्नं रसानिनि:|
lÉuÉÇ SìurÉÇ mÉÑUÉhÉÇ uÉÉ aÉëɽqÉåuÉ
ÌuÉÌlÉÌSïzÉåiÉç||(xÉÑ.xÉÔ 3615)

34. Dwiguna maana ganana:
 In any compound preparation of dry and
wet drugs together,dry drugs collected
should be freshly dried and the wet drugs
which should be freshly collected are
taken in double quantity of dry ones.
 zÉÑwMÇü lÉuÉÏlÉÇ rÉSè SìurÉÇ rÉÉåerÉÇ
xÉMüsÉMüqÉïxÉÑ|
AÉSìïÇ cÉ Ì²aÉÑhÉÇ rÉÑgerÉÉSåwÉ सिथि
ÌlɶÉrÉ: || (zÉÉ.mÉë.147)

35. Rationality behind dwiguna maana:
 शुष्कद्रव्ये तु या मािा चाद्रथस्य निगुणा नि सा।
शुष्कस्य गुरुतीक्ष्णत्वात् तस्मािर्धं प्रकीनतथतम्॥
(uÉæ.mÉ,mÉë.49).
• In a compound formulation in relation with the dry
drugs the wet drugs are taken in double quantity.
• Alternatively in relation with the wet drugs the dry
ones are taken in half quantity.

36. • Because in comparison with the wet drugs,
the dry drugs are guru and tikshna.
• Moreover the wet drugs do posses larger
amount of water content in them which
adds for their weight.

37. Exception for the rule of dwiduna
maana: (sha.pra.145)
• Guduchi
• Kutaja,
• Vasa
• Kushmanda,
• Shatavari
• Ashwagandha.
• Sahachari .
• Shatapushpa.
• Prasarini

38. Dravya sangrahana vidhi (method of
drug collection):
• The drug collection is done with all
methodical and religious rituals.
• In early morning hours, after bath with
calm mind.
• The person should pray lord shiva facing
the early morning sun .
• Later the drugs situated towards north
should be collected.

39. • गृण्हियात्तानि सुमिा: शुनच: प्रात: सुिासरे।
आनित्यसम्मुखो मौिी िमस्क्र
ु त्य नशिं ह्लनि॥
सार्धारणर्धराद्रव्यं गृहिीयाि् उत्तराश्रीतम्॥
(शा.प्र.ख.१५७)
• मङ्गलाचार: कल्याणिृत्त: शुनच: शुक्लिासा:संपूज्य
िेितामनिमनििौ गोब्राम्हणांश्च क
ृ तोपिास: प्राड्मुखो
उिन्मुखो िा गृण्हियात्॥ (च.क.११०)

40. Dravya samrakshana:
• Any drug material ,which is collected
should be stored in suitable conditions to
retain the inherent drug properties until the
drug goes into a preparation.
• For this the most primary thing which we
require will be the suitable containers to
store the raw drugs.
• Then they are kept in the store rooms
which are built in air tight area with plenty
of precautions for sanitation.

41. • The store house shall be cleaned regularly
by ritual methods.
• It should be free from fire,water
vapour,smoke,dust,rats and away from
cross roads.
• The collected materials may be preserved
in cloth,clay pots,planks conical flasks etc,.
As per the necessity.
• Afterwards they are to be preserved in the
bheshajagara in a suitable corner by
following all the preservative measures.

42. • The room should have entrance towards
east or north.there should be gandha
dhupa,balikarmas conducted frequently.
• It should be spacious ,with high ceiling and
well ventilated.
• It should have shelves and cupboards for
all medicines .
• Cupboards should have individual locking
arrangements.
• Medicines should be kept off the floor.
• Leave two finger space between
containers for easy handling

43. • Labels should be towards the front, with
bigger containers at the rear and smaller
ones in front , so that all labels are visible.
• Poisonous items should be stored
separately, the word poison being written
on them in blue or red ink in the mother
tongue and english , and stored with due
care.
• inspect daily to see that labels are not
damaged,contents have not gone bad and
lids are not open.

44. • Remove any spoilt product then and
there,and find suitable remedy for any other
defect.
• Burn a stove or candle in the storehouse
during rainy and cold seasons for warmth.The
second floor is preffered for storage during
these seasons.
• Arishtas must be held in specially strong
bottles away from other items due to the risk
of the bottles bursting.
• Oils are best kept in china porcelain jars
properly closed and taken into bottles only
when necessary.

45. • Pills must be exposed to the sun once
every week in their containers.Those dried
in shade must be covered with a thin cloth
during such exposure.
• Ghritas are also to be stored like oils,but
in wide mouthed jars.
• Powders should be packed in bottles when
hot and the bottles exposed to sun weekly.
• Tailas should be kept in glass stoppered
bottles. Those with strong scent or potency
should be sealed with wax .

46. • Additives are to be kept in a secure place
in glass containers, properly sealed with
wax.
• Special attention is to be paid to keep the
store house and sorrounding compulsory
clean.

47. Importance of rasa,
guna,virya,vipaka,karma and prabhava:
• Eventhough drugs have got some active
principles with which they work, they have
some other fractions too.which counteract
their bad effects,if any.
• Ayurveda propounds the principles of
rasa,guna,virya, vipaka,karma and
prabhava of dravya.

48. • SìurÉå UxÉÉå aÉÑhÉÉåÇ uÉÏrÉï
ÌuÉmÉÉMü:zÉÌ£üUåuÉ cÉ|
mÉSÉjÉÉï: mÉgcÉ ÌiɹÎliÉ xuÉÇ xuÉÇ
MÑüuÉïÎliÉ MüqÉï cÉ||
(pÉÉ.mÉë.6169)
• The inherent properties of any drug are
responsible for its action exerted.
• The drugs which fulfill the above
requirement are to be selected and used to
obtain a potent compound preparation.

49.  Mutual relation between rasadi gunas
 Acc to charaka the action of any dravya
will depend upon either rasa or virya or
vipaka or prabhava .
 ÌMüÎgcÉSè UxÉålÉ MÑüÂiÉå MüqÉï
uÉÏrÉåïhÉ cÉÉmÉUqÉç|
SìurÉÇ aÉÑhÉålÉ mÉÉMåülÉ mÉëpÉÉuÉåhÉ
cÉ ÌMügcÉlÉ||(cÉ.xÉÔ26)
Sushruta describes his view that the
variation in increase or decrease in
panchamahabhutas results in the variation

50.  iÉSìurÉqÉÉiqÉlÉÉ ÌMüÎgcÉiÉç
ÌMüÎgcÉ̲rÉåïhÉ xÉåÌuÉiÉqÉç|
ÌMüÎgcÉSìxÉÌuÉmÉÉMüÉprÉÉÇ SÉåwÉÇ WûÎliÉ
MüUÉåÌiÉ uÉÉ||(xÉÑ.xÉÔ40)
 UxÉÇ ÌuÉmÉÉMüxiÉÉæ uÉÏrÉïÇ
mÉëpÉÉuÉxiÉÉlurÉmÉÉåWûÌiÉ|
oÉsÉxÉÉqrÉå UxÉÉSÏlÉÉÍqÉÌiÉ lÉæxÉÌaÉïMÇü
oÉsÉqÉç||(cÉ,xÉÔ 26)
• Normally ,in a drug vipaka is supersed
rasa, rasa and vipaka will be superseded
by virya and finally prabhava will
supersede all the three .

51. • Therefore it is concluded that when ever
there is association of dissimilar qualities
,the more potent quality will supersede the
quality of lower potency and exhibits its
own effects .
• Though the qualities
rasa,guna,virya,vipaka etc ..are opposite to
one another ,they do not interfere with the
therapeutic effects of drugs.

52. • ÌuÉ®ÉqÉÌmÉ cÉÉlrÉÉålrÉÇ
UxÉɱÉ:MüÉrÉïxÉÉkÉlÉå|
lÉÉuÉzrÉÇ xrÉÑÌuÉïbÉÉiÉÉrÉ aÉÑhÉSÉåwÉ
ÍqÉjÉÉårÉjÉÉ||(A.xÉÇ.xÉÔ 17)
Just like tridosha which are possessing
different qualities are maintainig the
homoeostasis of human body.The dissimilar
constituents of body will also have mutual
balance and produce good effect.

53. Aushadi naamakarana:
In classics we find majority of the compound
preparations named on the basis of the first
drug name mentioned.
• However this rule doesn’t apply in all
cases.Many preparations are named on
their main ingredient,action
exerted,method of
preparation,appearance,dosage and many
other significant factors of that particular
preparation.

54. a)Based on the first drug of the compound:
• Punarnavashtaka curna.
• Khadhiradi vati.
• Abhayadi modaka.
• Jatyaadi taila.
• Eladi rasayana.
• Jirakadyarishta.

55. b) Based on important ingredient
• Hingwashtaka curna.
• Candanabalalakshadi taila.
• Drakshasava .
• Dashamularishta .etc
• Based on number of drugs or the quantity
of drugs used
• Punarnavashtaka kwatha.
• Rasna saptaka qwatha.
• Ashtanga churna .etc

56. d) Based on physical appearance of the
product:
• pinda taila .
• Swarna vanga.
• Parpati kalpa.etc
• e)Based on the time of collection of the
ingredients:
• Pushyanuga churna.
• F) based on therapeutic efficacy of the
drugs
• Arogyavardini vati.

57. • Brimhana gutika.
• Ashmaribhedaka kwatha.
• Arshoghna vati.
• Vaataghna lepa.etc
• G) Based on the method of preparation
• Shatadhota ghrita.
• Sahasradouta ghrita.
• Sahasrapaaka balataila.
• Gandhaka driti.
• Putapakwa vishama jwarantaka louha.

58. h) Based on the dosagedrug quantity used:
• Sadbindu taila.
• Kamsaharitaki rasayana ( 1kamsa=120g).
• Hingu triguna taila.
• Asta katwara taila.
• Pancha sama churna .etc
i) Based on the name of the discover:
• Cyavanaprashavaleha.
• Agatsya haritaki rasayana.
• Vasista rasayana.etc

59. j) Based on the similies given to the
preparation
• Kanakasundara .
• Kamadhenu rasa.
• Indra vati.etc
k) Based on the point emphasizing its fame:
• Tribhuvana keerthi rasa.
• Tripura bhairava rasa.
• Trailokya chintamani rasa.
• Trivikrama rasa.etc

60. Anuktha visheshoktha grahana:
In case of
unspecified
To be considered
Kala ( time) Prabhata (morning hours)
Anga ( part of the
plant)
Jata ( root system)
Bhaga ( ratio of hte
ingredient)
Samya ( all equal )
Patra ( vessels for
preparation)
Mrtpatra ( mud pots)
Drava ( liquid used
in the preparations)
Jala ( water)
Taila ( oil) Tila taila (sesame oil)

61. In case of unspecified part To be taken
Atisthula jata(larger roots) The bark of the plant is taken
Suksma mula(tender roots) Whole root system is considered
Nyagrodha,udumbhara,asvattha
,parisa,plaksha etc
Bark of these plants
Bijaka,khadira,devadaru,candan
a,asana,babbula etc
Sara bhaga (drug essence) is
considered
Talisa
,palasa,kumari,tejapatra,nagava
lli etc
Patra(leaves of these plants)
Haritaki,bhitakai,amalaki Phala(fruit part)of these plants
Dhataki,maduka etc Puspa(flowers of these plants)
Snuhi,arka etc Ksira (milky exudates) of these
plants

62. Specified
preparations
Variety of candana to
be used
For the preparation
of curna,sneha,asava
arishta.avleha etc
Sveta candana
For the preparation
of kasayakalpana and
lepa kalpana.
Rakta candana

63.  कालेऽिुक्ते प्रिाते स्यािङ्ग
े ऽिुक्ते जटा ििेत्।
िागेऽिुक्ते तु साम्यं स्यात्पािेऽिुक्ते च म्रुन्मयम्॥
द्रिेऽिुक्ते जलं ग्राह्यं तैलेऽिुक्ते नतलोद्भिम्। (शा.प्र.ख.१/४७-४८)
 अनतस्र्ूलजटा या: स्युस्तासां ग्राह्यास्त्वचो बुर्धै:।
ग्रुह्णीयात् सुक्ष्ममूलानि सकलान्यनप बुनिमाि्।
न्यग्रोर्धािेस्तिचो ग्राह्या: सार: स्यानिजाकानित:।
तानलसािेस्च पिानण फलं स्यात् निफलानित:॥
र्धातक्यािेश्च पुष्पानण स्न्युह्यािे: क्षीरमािरेत्॥ (शा.प्र.ख.१/६०-६२)
 चूणाथस्नेिासिा लेि: प्रायशश्चन्दिाण्िता:।
कषायलेपयो: प्रायो युज्यते रक्तचन्दिम्॥
(शा.प्र.ख.१/५०)
)

64. Use of swetha and rakta candana for
specific preparations:
Rationality :
• The term kashaya here is to be taken as
panchavidha kashaya kalpana .
• Rakta candana is more ugra in all its
properties when compared with other .
• prayah word here indicates the need of
using them according to the demand of
disease condition.

65. • Since rakta candana is more ugra ,it is
used either in preparations of diluted form .
Or in preparations meant for external
application.
• Moreover swetha candana that possesses
milder properties is used in all preparations
meant for intake.

66. Aushadha sevanakala:
• Different acharyas have mentioned
different drug administering times.
• The time of drug administration is very
important aspect since they are depended
on roga and dosha involved .

67. Acc to charaka (cha.chi.30298)
1.bhaktadu-1 Early morning on empty
stomach
2.bhaktadu-2 Before food
3.madhye In between a single meal
4.pascat-1 After morning food
5.pascat-2 After evening food
6.muhurmuhur Frequently.
7.samudga Before and after food
8.bhaktasamyukta Along with the food
9.grasa Along with each bolus of
the food
10.grasantara In between two meals

68. Acc to vaghbhata
1.Abakta Without food
2.pragbhakta Before food
3.madyabhakta In between a meal
4.adhobhakta After food
5.sabhakta Mixed along with food
6.antarabhakta In between two meals
7.samudga Before and after meals
8.muhurmuhur Again and again
9.Sagrasa Along with each bolus of the
food
10.Grasantra In between two bolus
11.Nisi Night at bed time

69. Acc to sharangadhara
Suryodaya At sun rise time
Divasabhojana During day meals
Sayantara Evening times
Muhurmuhu Repeatedly
Nisi At bed time

70. • िैषज्यकालो िुक्तािौ मध्ये पश्चान्मुहुमुथि:।
समुद्गं िक्तसंयुक्तं ग्रासग्रासान्तरे िश॥ (च.नच.३०/२९८)
 तिािक्तं प्राग्भक्तं अर्धोिक्तं अन्तारािक्तं सिक्तं सामुद्गं
मुहुमुथि: ग्रासं ग्रासान्तरं च इनत िशौषर्धकाला:॥(सु.उ.६४/६५)
 अिक्तं प्राग्भक्तं मध्यिक्तं अर्धोिक्तं सिक्तं अन्तारािक्तं
सामुद्गं मुहुमुथि: ग्रासं ग्रासान्तरं निनश च।(अ.स.सू.२३/१२)

71. • घ्नेय: पञ्चनिर्ध: कालो िैषज्यग्रिणे िृणाम्।
नकनञ्चत्सूयोिये जाते तर्ा नििासेिोजिे।
सायान्ते िोजिे च मुहुश्चानप तर्ा निनश॥(शा.प्र.ख.२/२-३)

72. Saveeryata avadhi
Aushadha Kalpana Saviryatha avadhi
Aushadha
Dravya/Aushadha
Kalpana
1 year
Laghupaki Aushadha 1 year
Churna 2 months
Gutika and Avaleha 1 year
Ghrita and Taila 1 year + 4 months = 16
months
Asavarista Infinite (older the better)
Dhatu and Rasa
Aushadha
Infinite

73. Aushadha Kalpana
(Dosage forms)
Matra
(dosage)
Saviryata avadhi
(potency time period)
Swarasa 1 pala niragni
½ pala sagni
For instant use
Kalka 1 karsa For instant use
Kwatha 2 pala For instant use
Hima 2 pala For instant use
Phanta 2 pala For instant use
Churna 1 karsa 2to 6 months
Upakalpana of
Kwatha /Hima/
Phanta
1 to 2 pala For instant use
Arka 12 to 24 ml 1 year or until it stays
clear without turbidity
Ksara/ksara sutra 2 to 8 gunja 5 years
Satva ½ to 1 gm 3-4 months
masi For external use infinite

74. masi For external use infinite
lavana 1 to 2 grams infinite
Ayaskrithi ½ to 2 rathis infinite
Rasakriya 1 pala 1year
Phanitha 1 pala 1year
Sarkara Half to 1 pala 1year
Avaleha 1 pala 1year
gudapaka 1 karsa 1 year
Khanda kalpana 1 karsa 1year
Vati/varti 1 karsa 1 year
Guggulu kalpana 1 karsa 1to 5 years
Sneha 1 pala 16 months

75. Sata and sahasra
dhoutha ghritha
For external use 16 months
Asava arista/ sukta
kalpana
1 pala infinite
Pathya kalpana No doasage
specified
For instant use
Kriya kalpa/nasya /
basti
--- Depends on the form
of medicine utilised
lepa For external use 6 months in powder
form
Sikta taila/
malahara
For external use 1 year
upanaha For external use Prepared for instant
use
dhumapana For fumigation Until drugs retain
their properties(6-to
12 months

76. Anupana
 AlÉÑmɶÉÉiÉç mÉÏrÉiÉå CÌiÉ AlÉÑmÉÉlÉqÉç (
zÉ.Mü.SìÓ)
 A³ÉÉSè AlÉÑ mÉxcÉÉSè mÉÏrÉiÉå CÌiÉ
AlÉÑmÉÉlÉqÉç( xÉÑ.xÉÔ.46)
 Anupaana is a very important factor which
helps in absorption ,assimilation as well as
efficacy of the drug.
 This should be decided acc to the
constitution of the patient as well as condition
of dosha.

77.  तत्ति् रोगघ्न िैषज्यम् िेषजस्यािुmÉÏयते यच्च
सिायकारी स्याि् अिुmÉÉिम् ति्
उच्यते।(Qû.PûÏ)
Whatever which reduces the ailment by
augmenting action of medicine,when taken
along with it is known as anupana

78. mɶÉÉiÉçmÉÉlÉ:- A secondary drug which is
consumed after the administration of main
medication.
 iɨÉSìÉãaÉblÉ pÉæwÉerÉÇ
pÉãwÉeÉxrÉÉlÉÑmÉÏrÉiÉã |
rÉccÉ xÉÉWûÉrrÉMüÉËUxxrÉÉiÉç AlÉÑmÉÉlÉÇ
iÉSÒcrÉiÉã || (U.iÉ 6/202)
A drug which possess a guna or prabhava to
cure the specific roga and also assist the
pradhana yoga in destroying the disease.
xÉWûmÉÉlÉ:- xÉWû ÍqÉÍsÉiuÉÉ mÉÉlÉqÉç |
A dravya consumed along with or by
mixing with main medication

79.  AÉæwÉkÉÇ vÉÉx§ÉxÉÇrÉÑ£üÇ SìurÉÇ
rÉÉãaÉuÉɽÎeÉiÉÉã |
vÉÑwMüÇ SìuÉÈ UxÉÈ SÒakÉÉ xÉWûmÉÉlÉÇ
lÉÉqlÉÉ oÉÑkÉÈ || (U.xÉÇ)
• It can be dry drug or wet or any liquid like
swarasa, kwatha or ksheera, it should have
yogavaahi guna.
 rɱÉãaÉãlÉ UxÉÉSÏlÉÉÇ ÌuÉpÉ£üÉÈ
mÉUqÉÉhÉuÉÈ|
SìÓiÉqÉÇaÉãwÉÑ xÉmÉïÎliÉ xÉWûmÉÉlÉÇ
iÉSÒcrÉiÉã || (U.iÉ 6/199)
A Yoga in which Rasoushadies disintegrate
into minute particles and quickly absorb and

80. Dosa visesa Anupana
Vataja Roga Snigdha and usna anupana
Pittaja roga Madhura and seethala
anupana
Kaphaja roga Ruksha and usna anupana
Dhathu Kshaya Mamsa rasa anupana, ksira
Krisa Vyakti Sura
Sthula Vyakti Madhu and jala
Agni Mandya Madya
Anidra, tandra, Soka
and Klama
Madya or Mamsa

81. Best anupana :
 सuÉåïwÉÉÇ अनुmÉÉनाम qÉÉहेन्द्रम तोयमुत्qÉqÉç||
• The rain water is considered as the best
anupana.

82. After consumoption of adjuvant
Sneha prepared with
bhallataka as a ingredient
Cold water
Sneha prepared with
tuvaraka as a ingredient
Cold water
After ghrithpana Warm water
After tailapana Yusha
After vasa &majja Manda
After consumption of any
sneha kalpana in general
Warm water

83. Importance of anupana :
UÉåcÉlÉÇ बंिणं uÉ×wrÉÇ SÉåwÉblÉÇ
uÉÉiÉpÉåSlÉqÉç|
iÉmÉïhÉÇ qÉÉSïuÉMüUÇ ´ÉqÉYsÉqÉWûUÇ
mÉUqÉç||
(uÉæ.mÉ.mÉë.3ZÉÇQû)
SÏmÉlÉÇ SÉåwÉzÉqÉlÉÇ
ÌmÉmÉÉxÉÉcNåûSlÉÇ mÉUqÉç|
UxÉuÉhÉïMüUgcÉÉÌmÉ AlÉÑmÉÉlÉÇ
xÉSÉåcrÉiÉå||
(uÉæ.mÉ.mÉë.3ZÉÇQû)

84. Maana paribhasha :
• The utility of weights and measurements is
an integral part of our day to day life.
• Without the knowledge about
measurements, better understanding of the
science may not be possible.
• Defn
 qÉëÏrÉiÉå AlÉålÉ CÌiÉ qÉÉlÉqÉç|
(AqÉUMüÉåwÉ).
• Mana is that through which any material is
measured.

85. Types of maana :
a)
• Maagadha maana.
• Kaalinga maana .
• B) Depending on the nature of the
measuring material.
• Pautava maana.
• Druvaya maana.
• Payya maana.

86. Significance and essentiality of maana:
 lÉ qÉÉlÉålÉ ÌuÉlÉÉ rÉÑÌ£üSìïurÉÉhÉÉÇ
eÉÉrÉiÉå YuÉÍcÉSè|
AiÉ: mÉërÉÉåaÉMüÉrÉÉïjÉïÇ मािमिोच्यते
मया॥(zÉÉ.mÉë.115)
• it is said in the classics that the accurate
outcome of any treatment cannot be
expected if the dosage of the medicine
given in improper.

87. • Panchavidha kashaya kalpana :
• The invention of pancha vidha kashaya
kalpanas by agnivesha is really a
revolutionary step in ayurvedic
pharmaceutics.
• Earlier people used to consume leaves,tubers
etc .in a raw form to appease hunger and to
treat health problems.
• Later on with the invention of these
panchavidha kashaya kalpanas
plants,minerals, and drugs of animal origin
were made therapeutically fit and patent even
in small doses.

88.  mÉgcÉÌuÉkÉÇ MüwÉÉrÉ MüsmÉlÉÇ CÌiÉ|
iɱjÉÉ xuÉUxÉ: MüsMü:´ÉÑiÉ:zÉÏiÉ: TüÉhOû¶É
MüwÉÉrÉ CÌiÉ||
(cÉ.xÉÔ 4).
 AjÉÉiÉ: xuÉUxÉ:MüsMü:YuÉÉjÉ¶É ÌWûqÉ
TüÉhOûMæü|
alÉårÉÉ: MüwÉÉrÉÉ:mÉgcÉåiÉå sÉbÉuÉ: xrÉÑ:
rÉjÉÉå¨ÉUqÉç||(zÉÉ.qÉ,1)
 UxÉ:MüsMü:´ÉÑiÉ:zÉÏiÉ:TüÉhOû¶ÉåÌiÉ
mÉëMüsmÉlÉÉ|
mÉlcÉkÉæ LuÉÇ MüwÉÉrÉÉhÉÉÇ mÉÔuÉïÇ
mÉÔuÉïÇ oÉsÉÉÍkÉMüÉ ||
(A.¾Òû.Mü.68)

89. • Acc to vagbhata Panchavidha kashaya
kalpanas are potent in their ascending
order . Swarasa is the most potent
preparation and phanta is the least potent
one
• Charaka declares that pancha vidha
kashaya kalpanas should be used after
proper discrimination .
• One has to ascertain the sarirabala as well
as agnibala of the patient and also vyadhi
avastha and vyadhi bala and accordingly
the appropriate preparation must be used.

90. CONCLUSION :
• Bhaishajya kalpana adharabhuta siddantas
can be considered as basic fundamental
principles of aushadha nirmana.
• By doing different pharmaceutical
processes,raw drugs are converted into
medicinal form.
• The drugs selected for the treatment of any
disease may be of plant originanimal
origin mineral origin . They cannot be
used as they are .

91. • To make them fit for therapeutic
administration to keep them potent for
many days , they have to undergo some
modifications .
• A small quantity of simple drug becomes
competent to cure even the most
complicated diseases by the influence of
different modifying procedures.
• So in order to prepare such a potent drug
.one has to follow certain siddhantas
related to pharmaceutical science.