Atrial fibrillation
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder and doubles the risk of death. It occurs when the upper chambers of the heart beat irregularly and too fast. Common causes include high blood pressure, heart disease, thyroid issues, and lung disease. Symptoms include palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, and dizziness, though many patients experience no symptoms. Treatment involves medication to control the heart rate or restore normal rhythm, and procedures like cardiac ablation or implanting a defibrillator may also be used.
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ECG: New onset AF with slow ventricular response
A 65-year-old lady presented with breathlessness and was found to have an irregularly irregular pulse. Her ECG showed atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response of 60 beats per minute and no P waves. She was diagnosed with new onset atrial fibrillation. As it appeared to be ongoing for more than 48 hours, she would be anticoagulated. An echocardiogram and further testing were planned to evaluate for underlying structural heart disease or clots that may have increased her risk of stroke.
Atrial Fibrillation (Brigham and Women's)
This document discusses atrial fibrillation (A-Fib), including defining it, comparing it to atrial flutter, examining its appearance on EKGs, classifying its different types, understanding its causes, and analyzing related graphs. A-Fib occurs when the two top chambers of the heart receive irregular electrical signals, causing fast and irregular contractions. It is the most common type of arrhythmia and increases the risk of stroke and death. The document examines patient cases, explores electrocardiographic features of A-Fib, and covers genetic and environmental causes like hypertension, heart disease, obesity, and sleep apnea.
Atrial fibrillation
1. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia where abnormal electrical signals in the atria cause an irregular heartbeat.
2. AF increases the risk of stroke by 5 times and is associated with increased mortality, hospitalization, and decreased quality of life.
3. Management involves rate or rhythm control as well as anticoagulation to prevent stroke, with treatment depending on factors like symptoms, age, and stroke risk level.
Atrial Fibrillation - BMH/Tele
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF), including statistics on prevalence, pathophysiology, types, treatment goals, and medication options. Some key points:
- AF affects over 2 million Americans and is expected to increase to 5 million by 2050 due to an aging population.
- It involves chaotic electrical activity in the atria causing irregular heartbeat. Treatment aims to restore normal rhythm or control heart rate while preventing clots.
- Options include electrical or chemical cardioversion, catheter ablation, and medications to restore rhythm or slow heart rate such as amiodarone, diltiazem, digoxin, and beta blockers. Anticoagulants like heparin and
Atrial fibrillation
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF). It defines AF as a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by disorganized, rapid, and irregular atrial activation with loss of atrial contraction. Some key points:
- AF prevalence increases with age and is more common in men and whites. It is the most common sustained arrhythmia.
- AF increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia and mortality.
- Causes include hypertension, heart disease, sleep apnea and genetic factors.
- Treatment involves rate control or rhythm control with medications like beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmics. Electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation are also
Af
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm that doubles the risk of death and increases the risk of stroke 5-7 times. Treatment aims to restore a normal rhythm, control the heart rate, and prevent blood clots. Options include medications for rhythm or rate control as well as anticoagulants. Surgical treatments like catheter ablation or the maze procedure are considered when medications are intolerable or ineffective at controlling the arrhythmia or preventing strokes. The document provides details on diagnosis, treatment goals, medication and surgical options for atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrilation
This document discusses atrial fibrillation (AF), including its classification, mechanisms, and management. AF is characterized by disorganized atrial electrical activity seen on ECG as irregular baseline undulations. The ventricular response rate is irregularly irregular between 100-160 bpm. AF can be classified as first detected, paroxysmal lasting <7 days, persistent lasting >7 days, or permanent lasting >1 year. The mechanism involves multiple reentrant wavelets propagating randomly through the atria. Management strategies include pharmacological or electrical cardioversion for acute termination, antiarrhythmic drugs to prevent recurrence, and rate control medications.
Atrial Fibrillation Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
1
Age 65-74 years 1
CHA2DS2-VASc Score
0 - Low risk
1 - Moderate risk
2 or more - High risk
plaque) 1
Recommended
ECG: New onset AF with slow ventricular response
A 65-year-old lady presented with breathlessness and was found to have an irregularly irregular pulse. Her ECG showed atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response of 60 beats per minute and no P waves. She was diagnosed with new onset atrial fibrillation. As it appeared to be ongoing for more than 48 hours, she would be anticoagulated. An echocardiogram and further testing were planned to evaluate for underlying structural heart disease or clots that may have increased her risk of stroke.
Atrial Fibrillation (Brigham and Women's)
This document discusses atrial fibrillation (A-Fib), including defining it, comparing it to atrial flutter, examining its appearance on EKGs, classifying its different types, understanding its causes, and analyzing related graphs. A-Fib occurs when the two top chambers of the heart receive irregular electrical signals, causing fast and irregular contractions. It is the most common type of arrhythmia and increases the risk of stroke and death. The document examines patient cases, explores electrocardiographic features of A-Fib, and covers genetic and environmental causes like hypertension, heart disease, obesity, and sleep apnea.
Atrial fibrillation
1. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia where abnormal electrical signals in the atria cause an irregular heartbeat.
2. AF increases the risk of stroke by 5 times and is associated with increased mortality, hospitalization, and decreased quality of life.
3. Management involves rate or rhythm control as well as anticoagulation to prevent stroke, with treatment depending on factors like symptoms, age, and stroke risk level.
Atrial Fibrillation - BMH/Tele
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF), including statistics on prevalence, pathophysiology, types, treatment goals, and medication options. Some key points:
- AF affects over 2 million Americans and is expected to increase to 5 million by 2050 due to an aging population.
- It involves chaotic electrical activity in the atria causing irregular heartbeat. Treatment aims to restore normal rhythm or control heart rate while preventing clots.
- Options include electrical or chemical cardioversion, catheter ablation, and medications to restore rhythm or slow heart rate such as amiodarone, diltiazem, digoxin, and beta blockers. Anticoagulants like heparin and
Atrial fibrillation
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF). It defines AF as a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by disorganized, rapid, and irregular atrial activation with loss of atrial contraction. Some key points:
- AF prevalence increases with age and is more common in men and whites. It is the most common sustained arrhythmia.
- AF increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia and mortality.
- Causes include hypertension, heart disease, sleep apnea and genetic factors.
- Treatment involves rate control or rhythm control with medications like beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmics. Electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation are also
Af
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm that doubles the risk of death and increases the risk of stroke 5-7 times. Treatment aims to restore a normal rhythm, control the heart rate, and prevent blood clots. Options include medications for rhythm or rate control as well as anticoagulants. Surgical treatments like catheter ablation or the maze procedure are considered when medications are intolerable or ineffective at controlling the arrhythmia or preventing strokes. The document provides details on diagnosis, treatment goals, medication and surgical options for atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrilation
This document discusses atrial fibrillation (AF), including its classification, mechanisms, and management. AF is characterized by disorganized atrial electrical activity seen on ECG as irregular baseline undulations. The ventricular response rate is irregularly irregular between 100-160 bpm. AF can be classified as first detected, paroxysmal lasting <7 days, persistent lasting >7 days, or permanent lasting >1 year. The mechanism involves multiple reentrant wavelets propagating randomly through the atria. Management strategies include pharmacological or electrical cardioversion for acute termination, antiarrhythmic drugs to prevent recurrence, and rate control medications.
Atrial Fibrillation Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
1
Age 65-74 years 1
CHA2DS2-VASc Score
0 - Low risk
1 - Moderate risk
2 or more - High risk
plaque) 1
Atrial Fibrillation
new updates about AF
In the AMADEUS trial(4576 patients), Idraparinux was non inferior to warfarin but more risk of bleeding 19 % vs. 11%
Stieber - Prevention of Postop AF in CT Surgery (2016)
Four studies evaluated the effectiveness of various therapies for preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation. Two randomized controlled trials found no significant difference between amiodarone and metoprolol, or between dexamethasone and placebo, in reducing atrial fibrillation. However, atorvastatin was found to significantly reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation compared to placebo. Additionally, ranolazine combined with amiodarone accelerated the conversion of new-onset atrial fibrillation compared to amiodarone alone. The studies demonstrated mixed results on the effectiveness of therapies for preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation quick review
The document appears to be a collection of pages summarizing various topics related to atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias including:
1) Descriptions of different types of atrial arrhythmias including characteristics like heart rate and presence of P waves.
2) Classification systems for atrial fibrillation including primary vs secondary and chronologic staging.
3) Mechanisms of atrial reentry that could explain characteristics seen.
4) Effects of atrial fibrillation like low cardiac output.
5) Etiologies of arrhythmias including genetic factors.
6) Clinical trials comparing new oral anticoagulants to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
atrial fibrillation talk 2009
This document discusses atrial fibrillation and new treatment paradigms. It begins with an overview that atrial fibrillation is a progressive disease with hemodynamic and myocardial consequences like reduced cardiac output and heart failure. It causes increased risk of stroke, hospitalizations, reduced quality of life, and decreased survival. The Active trial found that adding clopidogrel to aspirin for atrial fibrillation patients at high risk of stroke reduced major vascular events due to fewer strokes, but increased bleeding risk. Dabigatran was similarly effective to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation with lower bleeding risk. Rhythm control provides benefits over rate control but requires weighing reduced hospitalizations against potential for more
All You Need to Know About Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia,
particularly as people age. It can cause stroke,
heart failure, and many symptoms. There are
very effective therapies today, including
anticoagulants and catheter ablation.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation can be characterized on electrocardiogram by low-amplitude baseline oscillations and irregular ventricular rhythm. It is classified as paroxysmal if self-terminating within 7 days, persistent between 7 days to 1 year, or permanent if lasting over 1 year. Risk factors include heart disease, hypertension, age, and obesity. Prevention of thromboembolic complications involves risk stratification using CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores to determine need for anticoagulation. Warfarin reduces risk of stroke but comes with risk of bleeding, while newer oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban are equally effective with less monitoring
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat caused by rapid and chaotic electrical activity in the atria. There are three main types - paroxysmal which comes and goes for less than 2 days, persistent for over 7 days and likely to recur, and permanent which cannot be reverted. Causes include hypertension, obesity, heart disease, alcohol, smoking, and other chronic conditions. Symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves ECG, echocardiogram, Holter monitor and other tests. Treatment options include rate control with medications, rhythm control with antiarrhythmics like amiodarone, cardioversion, catheter ablation, or a pacemaker. A
Atrial fibrillation 2014
The AFFIRM trial compared rate control and rhythm control strategies for treating atrial fibrillation. It found that over 5 years:
- Mortality was similar between the rhythm control (23.8%) and rate control (21.3%) groups.
- Patients in the rhythm control group experienced more hospitalizations and adverse drug effects.
- The majority of strokes occurred when anticoagulation with warfarin was subtherapeutic or stopped in both groups.
The trial concluded that rhythm control did not provide a survival advantage over rate control for managing atrial fibrillation in high-risk patients.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION 2016
A comprehensive approach to Atrial Fibrillation. Everything you need to know about Atrial fibrillation. Including recent 2014 AHA guidelines of management.
Atrial Fibrillation by Dr. Aryan
1) Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by disorganized atrial activity without effective contractions. It increases risk of stroke and prevalence rises with age.
2) Management involves restoring sinus rhythm through drugs, cardioversion, or ablation or controlling heart rate and preventing clots with anticoagulants. Rate control uses beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or digoxin while restoring rhythm uses antiarrhythmics, cardioversion, or ablation.
3) Treatment depends on whether AF is paroxysmal, persistent or permanent and involves restoring rhythm if possible or controlling rate and preventing complications if not.
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun), or AF, is the most common type of arrhythmia (ah-RITH-me-ah). An arrhythmia is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm.
AF occurs if rapid, disorganized electrical signals cause the heart's two upper chambers—called the atria (AY-tree-uh)—to fibrillate. The term "fibrillate" means to contract very fast and irregularly.
What is Atrial Fibrillation (afib)?
Atrial fibrillation (afib) is a heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia). It increases your risk of having a stroke and can affect your quality of life. There are many treatment options for patients with atrial fibrillation (afib).
In order to decrease the burden of the symptoms from afib, we can use medications or procedures - catheter ablation.
Patients with afib have a 5 fold higher risk of having a stroke. Traditionally blood thinners are used to decrease that risk. A new option available as an alternative to blood thinners is the Watchman left atrial appendage closure device.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is characterized by uncoordinated atrial activation and ineffective atrial contraction. The risk of stroke and heart failure increases with AF. Treatment involves rate or rhythm control as well as anticoagulation according to stroke risk. Rate control uses medications while rhythm control may involve cardioversion, antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, or surgery. Anticoagulation is recommended long-term in most patients to prevent thromboembolism.
Atrial fibrillation - a surgical perspective
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF), including its definition, epidemiology, classification, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management. Some key points:
- AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and increases the risk of stroke and mortality. It is classified based on duration.
- Causes include valvular heart disease, heart failure, thyroid disorders, pulmonary embolism, and others. Clinical signs include irregular pulse and heart sounds.
- Diagnostic workup involves ECG, echocardiogram, Holter monitoring and may include cardiac telemetry. Treatment focuses on rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation, and correcting underlying causes.
Atrial Fibrillation
This presentation is about atrial fibrillation and its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, complications and management.
Atrial fibrillation causes,pathogenesis, clinical presentation 2013
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is characterized by irregular heart rhythms without distinct P waves due to irregular activation of the atria. The prevalence increases with age and is higher in men. Risk factors include hypertension, heart disease, heart failure, thyroid disorders, obesity, and lung disease. If left untreated, atrial fibrillation can lead to stroke, heart failure, reduced quality of life, and death. The pathogenesis involves multiple activation wavelets in the atria which causes the muscle to shorten its refractory period, making further arrhythmias more likely. Atrial fibrillation is classified based on its pattern and duration.
Artrial fibrillation classification & management guideline
This document provides guidelines for the classification and management of atrial fibrillation (AF). It discusses the introduction, classification, mechanisms, causes and features of AF. The diagnostic evaluation and management guidelines cover rate control versus rhythm control strategies, pharmacological and electrical cardioversion options, and drugs used for rate and rhythm control. The goals are to control the heart rate, prevent thromboembolism, and restore normal sinus rhythm when possible. Management is individualized based on the frequency, duration and symptoms of AF and patient characteristics.
Atrial fibrillation good
Transthoracic echocardiography is useful for evaluating left atrial size, left ventricular systolic function, and mitral valve morphology in patients with atrial fibrillation. Larger left atrial size is associated with worse prognosis and lower chance of maintaining sinus rhythm. Left ventricular dysfunction predicts increased risk of stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography can more accurately identify left atrial thrombi and help determine stroke risk in patients needing cardioversion.
Atrial fibrillation
This case presentation summarizes a 76-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital for atrial fibrillation and hypothyroidism. The patient presented with frothing from the mouth, loose stools, and breathlessness. Diagnostic tests showed abnormal thyroid and cardiac function. The patient was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and hypothyroidism based on physical exam findings, lab results, echocardiogram, and information from the referring physician. He was prescribed various medications to treat his conditions and symptoms, including drugs to maintain normal heart rhythm and thyroid hormone replacement. His hospital course and treatment plan are outlined over several days.
Atrial Fibrillation - From Diagnosis to Treatment - St Vincent's Birmingham
CME Lecture for the medical staff at St Vincent's Hospital.
Atrial fibrillation is a common rhythm disorder. There are many treatment options available today.
Medically Compromised Patients
This document provides guidance on managing medically compromised patients for oral and maxillofacial surgery. It discusses general principles like conducting late morning appointments in an upright position to minimize stress. It also reviews guidelines for specific conditions like cardiovascular diseases, including managing angina, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. For endocrine diseases, it overviews the endocrine system and managing disorders like diabetes. Throughout, it emphasizes the need for medical consultation, minimizing stress, and considering risks from things like epinephrine in local anesthesia.
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdf
This document discusses heart disease in pregnancy. It begins by noting that heart disease complicates around 1% of pregnancies. It then covers cardiovascular changes in pregnancy like increased blood volume and cardiac output. Grades of cardiac disease severity are described. Diagnosis involves history, exams, ECGs, echocardiograms. Effects on the fetus and mother are outlined. Classifications of cardiac diseases seen in pregnancy like rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart diseases are summarized. Nursing management focuses on monitoring, positioning, oxygen supplementation and controlling cardiac failure. Guidelines for pregnant women with heart disease emphasize treating existing conditions, testing for defects, controlling risks, and regular consultations.
More Related Content
What's hot
Atrial Fibrillation
new updates about AF
In the AMADEUS trial(4576 patients), Idraparinux was non inferior to warfarin but more risk of bleeding 19 % vs. 11%
Stieber - Prevention of Postop AF in CT Surgery (2016)
Four studies evaluated the effectiveness of various therapies for preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation. Two randomized controlled trials found no significant difference between amiodarone and metoprolol, or between dexamethasone and placebo, in reducing atrial fibrillation. However, atorvastatin was found to significantly reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation compared to placebo. Additionally, ranolazine combined with amiodarone accelerated the conversion of new-onset atrial fibrillation compared to amiodarone alone. The studies demonstrated mixed results on the effectiveness of therapies for preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation quick review
The document appears to be a collection of pages summarizing various topics related to atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias including:
1) Descriptions of different types of atrial arrhythmias including characteristics like heart rate and presence of P waves.
2) Classification systems for atrial fibrillation including primary vs secondary and chronologic staging.
3) Mechanisms of atrial reentry that could explain characteristics seen.
4) Effects of atrial fibrillation like low cardiac output.
5) Etiologies of arrhythmias including genetic factors.
6) Clinical trials comparing new oral anticoagulants to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
atrial fibrillation talk 2009
This document discusses atrial fibrillation and new treatment paradigms. It begins with an overview that atrial fibrillation is a progressive disease with hemodynamic and myocardial consequences like reduced cardiac output and heart failure. It causes increased risk of stroke, hospitalizations, reduced quality of life, and decreased survival. The Active trial found that adding clopidogrel to aspirin for atrial fibrillation patients at high risk of stroke reduced major vascular events due to fewer strokes, but increased bleeding risk. Dabigatran was similarly effective to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation with lower bleeding risk. Rhythm control provides benefits over rate control but requires weighing reduced hospitalizations against potential for more
All You Need to Know About Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia,
particularly as people age. It can cause stroke,
heart failure, and many symptoms. There are
very effective therapies today, including
anticoagulants and catheter ablation.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation can be characterized on electrocardiogram by low-amplitude baseline oscillations and irregular ventricular rhythm. It is classified as paroxysmal if self-terminating within 7 days, persistent between 7 days to 1 year, or permanent if lasting over 1 year. Risk factors include heart disease, hypertension, age, and obesity. Prevention of thromboembolic complications involves risk stratification using CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores to determine need for anticoagulation. Warfarin reduces risk of stroke but comes with risk of bleeding, while newer oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban are equally effective with less monitoring
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat caused by rapid and chaotic electrical activity in the atria. There are three main types - paroxysmal which comes and goes for less than 2 days, persistent for over 7 days and likely to recur, and permanent which cannot be reverted. Causes include hypertension, obesity, heart disease, alcohol, smoking, and other chronic conditions. Symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves ECG, echocardiogram, Holter monitor and other tests. Treatment options include rate control with medications, rhythm control with antiarrhythmics like amiodarone, cardioversion, catheter ablation, or a pacemaker. A
Atrial fibrillation 2014
The AFFIRM trial compared rate control and rhythm control strategies for treating atrial fibrillation. It found that over 5 years:
- Mortality was similar between the rhythm control (23.8%) and rate control (21.3%) groups.
- Patients in the rhythm control group experienced more hospitalizations and adverse drug effects.
- The majority of strokes occurred when anticoagulation with warfarin was subtherapeutic or stopped in both groups.
The trial concluded that rhythm control did not provide a survival advantage over rate control for managing atrial fibrillation in high-risk patients.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION 2016
A comprehensive approach to Atrial Fibrillation. Everything you need to know about Atrial fibrillation. Including recent 2014 AHA guidelines of management.
Atrial Fibrillation by Dr. Aryan
1) Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by disorganized atrial activity without effective contractions. It increases risk of stroke and prevalence rises with age.
2) Management involves restoring sinus rhythm through drugs, cardioversion, or ablation or controlling heart rate and preventing clots with anticoagulants. Rate control uses beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or digoxin while restoring rhythm uses antiarrhythmics, cardioversion, or ablation.
3) Treatment depends on whether AF is paroxysmal, persistent or permanent and involves restoring rhythm if possible or controlling rate and preventing complications if not.
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun), or AF, is the most common type of arrhythmia (ah-RITH-me-ah). An arrhythmia is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm.
AF occurs if rapid, disorganized electrical signals cause the heart's two upper chambers—called the atria (AY-tree-uh)—to fibrillate. The term "fibrillate" means to contract very fast and irregularly.
What is Atrial Fibrillation (afib)?
Atrial fibrillation (afib) is a heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia). It increases your risk of having a stroke and can affect your quality of life. There are many treatment options for patients with atrial fibrillation (afib).
In order to decrease the burden of the symptoms from afib, we can use medications or procedures - catheter ablation.
Patients with afib have a 5 fold higher risk of having a stroke. Traditionally blood thinners are used to decrease that risk. A new option available as an alternative to blood thinners is the Watchman left atrial appendage closure device.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is characterized by uncoordinated atrial activation and ineffective atrial contraction. The risk of stroke and heart failure increases with AF. Treatment involves rate or rhythm control as well as anticoagulation according to stroke risk. Rate control uses medications while rhythm control may involve cardioversion, antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, or surgery. Anticoagulation is recommended long-term in most patients to prevent thromboembolism.
Atrial fibrillation - a surgical perspective
This document provides an overview of atrial fibrillation (AF), including its definition, epidemiology, classification, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management. Some key points:
- AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and increases the risk of stroke and mortality. It is classified based on duration.
- Causes include valvular heart disease, heart failure, thyroid disorders, pulmonary embolism, and others. Clinical signs include irregular pulse and heart sounds.
- Diagnostic workup involves ECG, echocardiogram, Holter monitoring and may include cardiac telemetry. Treatment focuses on rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation, and correcting underlying causes.
Atrial Fibrillation
This presentation is about atrial fibrillation and its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, complications and management.
Atrial fibrillation causes,pathogenesis, clinical presentation 2013
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is characterized by irregular heart rhythms without distinct P waves due to irregular activation of the atria. The prevalence increases with age and is higher in men. Risk factors include hypertension, heart disease, heart failure, thyroid disorders, obesity, and lung disease. If left untreated, atrial fibrillation can lead to stroke, heart failure, reduced quality of life, and death. The pathogenesis involves multiple activation wavelets in the atria which causes the muscle to shorten its refractory period, making further arrhythmias more likely. Atrial fibrillation is classified based on its pattern and duration.
Artrial fibrillation classification & management guideline
This document provides guidelines for the classification and management of atrial fibrillation (AF). It discusses the introduction, classification, mechanisms, causes and features of AF. The diagnostic evaluation and management guidelines cover rate control versus rhythm control strategies, pharmacological and electrical cardioversion options, and drugs used for rate and rhythm control. The goals are to control the heart rate, prevent thromboembolism, and restore normal sinus rhythm when possible. Management is individualized based on the frequency, duration and symptoms of AF and patient characteristics.
Atrial fibrillation good
Transthoracic echocardiography is useful for evaluating left atrial size, left ventricular systolic function, and mitral valve morphology in patients with atrial fibrillation. Larger left atrial size is associated with worse prognosis and lower chance of maintaining sinus rhythm. Left ventricular dysfunction predicts increased risk of stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography can more accurately identify left atrial thrombi and help determine stroke risk in patients needing cardioversion.
Atrial fibrillation
This case presentation summarizes a 76-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital for atrial fibrillation and hypothyroidism. The patient presented with frothing from the mouth, loose stools, and breathlessness. Diagnostic tests showed abnormal thyroid and cardiac function. The patient was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and hypothyroidism based on physical exam findings, lab results, echocardiogram, and information from the referring physician. He was prescribed various medications to treat his conditions and symptoms, including drugs to maintain normal heart rhythm and thyroid hormone replacement. His hospital course and treatment plan are outlined over several days.
Atrial Fibrillation - From Diagnosis to Treatment - St Vincent's Birmingham
CME Lecture for the medical staff at St Vincent's Hospital.
Atrial fibrillation is a common rhythm disorder. There are many treatment options available today.
What's hot (20)
Stieber - Prevention of Postop AF in CT Surgery (2016)
Stieber - Prevention of Postop AF in CT Surgery (2016)
Atrial fibrillation causes,pathogenesis, clinical presentation 2013
Atrial fibrillation causes,pathogenesis, clinical presentation 2013
Artrial fibrillation classification & management guideline
Artrial fibrillation classification & management guideline
Atrial Fibrillation - From Diagnosis to Treatment - St Vincent's Birmingham
Atrial Fibrillation - From Diagnosis to Treatment - St Vincent's Birmingham
Similar to Atrial fibrillation
Medically Compromised Patients
This document provides guidance on managing medically compromised patients for oral and maxillofacial surgery. It discusses general principles like conducting late morning appointments in an upright position to minimize stress. It also reviews guidelines for specific conditions like cardiovascular diseases, including managing angina, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. For endocrine diseases, it overviews the endocrine system and managing disorders like diabetes. Throughout, it emphasizes the need for medical consultation, minimizing stress, and considering risks from things like epinephrine in local anesthesia.
cardiacdiseaseinpregnancy-220427173031.pdf
This document discusses heart disease in pregnancy. It begins by noting that heart disease complicates around 1% of pregnancies. It then covers cardiovascular changes in pregnancy like increased blood volume and cardiac output. Grades of cardiac disease severity are described. Diagnosis involves history, exams, ECGs, echocardiograms. Effects on the fetus and mother are outlined. Classifications of cardiac diseases seen in pregnancy like rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart diseases are summarized. Nursing management focuses on monitoring, positioning, oxygen supplementation and controlling cardiac failure. Guidelines for pregnant women with heart disease emphasize treating existing conditions, testing for defects, controlling risks, and regular consultations.
Cardiac Disease in pregnancy.pptx
for 3rd year students. explains in easy language and more graphical than other ppts. keep reading and i will keep uploading. thanks
Ccf
The document provides information on congestive cardiac failure (CCF), including:
1. CCF occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, causing fluid buildup in tissues.
2. Risk factors include age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and coronary artery disease. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.
3. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, chest X-ray, echocardiogram and blood tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, procedures and managing underlying causes.
Heart failure
Heart failure is a common and increasing syndrome where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects over 6.5 million Americans and is primarily a disease of aging. The most common causes are coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease. Heart failure can be systolic, diastolic, acute, or chronic and involve the left ventricle, right ventricle, or both. Signs and symptoms depend on the type but include shortness of breath, fatigue, edema, and cough. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, signs, chest X-ray, echocardiogram and labs.
Heart failure (what a family physician need to know)
Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization in those over 65. The family physician plays an important role in prevention through risk factor assessment, lifestyle counseling, and monitoring for signs and symptoms. When detected early, heart failure has a better prognosis than many cancers. Treatment involves medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics and beta-blockers to reduce symptoms and disease progression.
Heart failure update 2012
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It discusses systolic and diastolic heart failure, highlighting key differences. Medical treatments that improve survival in systolic heart failure are reviewed, including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, spironolactone/eplerenone, hydralazine/nitrates, and ARBs. The roles of diuretics, neurohormonal activation, and beta blockers are explained. Carvedilol is positioned as superior to metoprolol based on direct comparison trials.
Atrial fibrillation presentation-1.pptx
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is generally associated with an irregularly irregular heartbeat and absence of P waves on an electrocardiogram. The document provides an overview of AF including epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, screening, clinical presentation, investigations, and management. Key points include that the prevalence of AF increases with age and underlying heart disease, a rhythm control or rate control strategy can be used, and treatment may involve anticoagulation, rate control medications, cardioversion, or antiarrhythmic drugs.
Heart disease
Heart disease refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels. Some forms can be prevented through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, exercising, and eating a healthy diet. Symptoms depend on the type of heart disease but may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain in the arms or jaw. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Complications can include heart failure, heart attack, and stroke. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes and controlling health conditions.
sheikh Jeelani sadiq internal disease.pptx
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This document discusses cardiac diseases in pregnancy, including normal pregnancy physiology, symptoms of cardiac disease, preconception counseling, contraindications to pregnancy for certain heart conditions, genetic inheritance of cardiac conditions, and management of specific diseases. It covers topics like dilated cardiomyopathy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, congenital heart diseases involving left-to-right shunts or obstructive lesions, rheumatic heart disease including mitral stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, and Marfan syndrome. Pregnancy risks and management approaches are described for each condition. A team-based approach involving multiple specialists is recommended.
Congenital heart disease
This document provides an overview of congenital heart disease (CHD). It begins with objectives and an outline of the topics to be covered, including a case presentation of a 4 day old infant with a patent ductus arteriosus. Key points include: the causes of CHD can be genetic or environmental; CHD is classified into categories like septal defects, cyanotic defects, and obstructive defects; signs and symptoms vary depending on the specific defect but may include murmurs, breathing difficulties, and cyanosis; and management involves treatments like medication or surgery depending on the severity and type of defect.
Congestive heart failure
Shortness of breath is the main symptom of congestive heart failure (CHF), which occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. CHF can be caused by systolic or diastolic dysfunction and is commonly due to hypertension, valvular heart disease, or myocardial infarction. Diagnosis is made clinically based on symptoms like orthopnea, edema, and gallop rhythm, with echocardiography used to evaluate ejection fraction and determine type of dysfunction. Treatment depends on ejection fraction, but may include ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, spironolactone, diuretics, and devices like defibrillators.
Heart Failure. Presented by Dr KD DELE 23102019
This is a practical approach to the description of heart failure as well as the approach to the management of the same condition.
Fetal ciruclation and approach to chd
Introductory lecture with overview of congenital heart diseases including fetal circulation and the changes that occur after birth.
Simple approach to CHD
Congintal heart defect.pptx
Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the heart's structure that are present at birth. They range from simple defects with no symptoms to complex defects that are life-threatening. They affect about 8 in 1,000 newborns. Some defects require immediate medical care, while others need no treatment or can be easily fixed. Common types include atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta, and patent ductus arteriosus. Treatment options depend on the size and severity of the defect, and may include medications, cardiac catheterization, or open-heart surgery.
Approach to palpitations
This document discusses the approach to evaluating and managing palpitations. It defines palpitations as an awareness of heartbeat and describes potential causes like arrhythmias, structural heart issues, and psychiatric factors. The evaluation involves taking a history of symptoms and triggers, examining for irregularities, and testing with ECG, Holter monitor or event recorder depending on frequency. Management depends on the identified cause, with arrhythmias potentially treated with beta blockers and reassuring patients if no serious issues are found.
Heart disease
Heart disease is the silent killer amongst us. Each year, it takes more lives than any other disease. And yet, it can be easily prevented. Find out about the causes, symptoms and preventive measure for cardiovascular diseases in this slideshow.
Heart disease
Heart disease is the silent killer amongst us. Each year, it takes more lives than any other disease. And yet, it can be easily prevented. Find out about the causes, symptoms and preventive measure for cardiovascular diseases in this slideshow.
Cardiac Function Tests.ppt
Cardiac function tests can diagnose and monitor heart disease through laboratory tests. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US, affecting over 50 million people annually. Blood tests detect cardiac markers that indicate myocardial damage or dysfunction, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions like heart failure, heart attack, and heart muscle disease. Elevated markers also help monitor patients for complications or recurrence of heart disease.
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Heart failure (what a family physician need to know)
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Moral dilemmas session.pptx
The document discusses a session on moral dilemmas. It explains that a moral dilemma is a difficult choice between courses of action that are morally or legally questionable. The session will examine two or three moral dilemmas in small groups. Participants will decide what action they would take in each scenario and discuss the factors they considered. There are no right answers as moral dilemmas have complex situations with arguments on both sides. Example dilemmas include a nurse deciding whether to forge a patient's organ donor signature, a lecturer altering a student's grade, and a student being offered a friend's essay to submit.
Sugar effects
The document discusses the effects of sugar on dental health. It notes that consuming one can of soda contains the equivalent of 7 teaspoons of sugar. It also discusses how sugar releases dopamine in the brain similarly to cocaine, giving a temporary high. Regarding dental health specifically, excess sugar intake can lead to tooth decay, as sugar feeds the bacteria that cause decay. However, moderate sugar intake as part of a balanced diet is acceptable. The document provides solutions like drinking water, eating fruit, and implementing a sugar tax.
Physical behaviour
This document outlines a presentation on physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and young people in Scotland. It discusses the background and benefits of physical activity, recommended activity levels, current activity levels in Scotland, sedentary behaviors like TV viewing, and initiatives to increase physical activity. While interventions have increased activity in school, overall activity levels remain disappointing. Improving physical activity remains a public health priority given its long-term health benefits.
Obesity and cost to nhs
This document discusses obesity, its increasing prevalence, and impact on the NHS in Scotland. It defines obesity and notes that rising obesity is due to factors like increased access to unhealthy foods, larger portions, and more sedentary lifestyles. Obesity puts strain on the NHS through increased risk of chronic diseases and costs the NHS an estimated £600 million per year, which is spent on treatments like medications, GP consultations, and hospital care. The Scottish government is taking steps to tackle obesity through initiatives like restricting advertising, encouraging physical activity, and considering a "sugar tax".
Kayaking roll lo3
This document discusses how to perform a kayaking roll. It begins by outlining the benefits of kayaking such as stress reduction, fitness, and socialization. Next, it lists the necessary kayaking equipment including the kayak, paddle, buoyancy aid, and spray skirt. It then provides step-by-step instructions for performing a kayak roll, including capsizing, setting your arms, bringing the paddle across, applying pressure, and recovering. It also includes a link to a video demonstrating the roll.
Level 6 dental talk
The document discusses the effects of sugar on dental health. It notes that consuming one can of soda contains the equivalent of 7 teaspoons of sugar. It also discusses how sugar releases dopamine in the brain similarly to cocaine, giving a temporary high. The document outlines that sugar leads to dental cavities and issues. It presents solutions like drinking more water, eating fruit, and implementing a sugar tax on high-sugar products. The conclusion is that while humans need sugar in moderation as part of a balanced diet, consuming excess sugar leads to health problems.
Cheating rife discussion
The document discusses cheating among students. It provides guidance for a reading assessment, defining key terms like plagiarism. It poses discussion points about why students cheat and the pressures that may lead them to do so. It also addresses the implications of cheating and challenges of preventing online cheating. Anti-cheating software and dealing with plagiarism in colleges are discussed. Links to related BBC news articles on cheating in different domains are also provided.
Comm 4 unit intro
This document outlines the course structure and outcomes for a unit aimed at developing communication skills equivalent to Higher English. The unit is a full year course taught by an instructor with over 20 years experience. It includes outcomes in reading, writing, listening, and talking which will be assessed through activities like summaries, essays, discussions, presentations, and participating in a group blog. The document provides details on assessment types, topics, and goals to help students understand what will be required for the course.
Example two walkers
Walkers Crisps was established in 1948 in Post World War 2 Leicester by a butcher named M.R. Walker and has since become the biggest crisp producer in the UK, holding 47% of the market. The document outlines Walkers' marketing mix, including segmentation targeting all ages and demographics across Great Britain and Ireland. It discusses products offered at various price points available widely in stores, and promotion through TV ads and offers that have helped make Walkers extremely successful and well positioned to remain the market leader.
Example one smirnoff
Smirnoff vodka began in 1860s Moscow and grew to produce over 4 million cases annually before being acquired by Diageo. It targets all adults aged 18+ equally through TV ads showing social groups enjoying its triple-distilled vodka. Smirnoff's most popular product is its red label vodka, priced from £8-20 depending on size and sold in supermarkets and online. It promotes through nightlife exchange programs hosting ticketed parties and in-store promotions.
Reflections of our learning
This document summarizes the activities and lessons covered in a class over the past school year. It lists topics like poetry, news articles, research methodologies, presentations, group work, and discussions. It asks students to reflect on what they have individually learned, such as new skills, confidence, and skills to help with university, college, work, research, time management, and collaboration. It concludes by asking students to fill out a survey about the class and assessments, and shares the teacher's final thoughts.
Example 2
The presentation discusses the essential skills of a director including artistic vision, creativity, and motivation skills. It outlines a director's main responsibilities such as selecting cast and crew, involvement in editing, and bringing their vision to the screen. Examples are given of some of the presenter's favorite directors including Steven Soderbergh, Peter Jackson, and Bradley Buecker.
Example 1
One, this document provides information about Bauer Media, a media company that owns radio and television stations across 15 countries. It discusses several radio presenters in Scotland, including Boogie and Arlene from Forth One breakfast, Grant Stott who believes anyone can get into media, and Billy Briggs, an award-winning freelance journalist. It also mentions Mark Martin, who presents a network radio show across Bauer stations and assisted students during a live radio show preparation where he took on the role of Programme Controller.
Jonny nisbet
This document outlines the creation of a website called "The Website" that was meant to host student projects. The brief specified that the site must host student projects, be visually appealing, provide information about each project, and be responsive. Various prototypes were created before selecting a final prototype to build upon. The site was then created through coding, testing, and deployment.
Magda mazur
The document provides a sample Scottish wedding menu that includes smoked salmon and salad niçoise as starters, a choice of chicken or roasted butternut squash for the main course accompanied by wine, and raspberry cranachan for dessert. Evening reception foods include oatcakes with haggis and red onion marmalade, ciabatta sandwiches, and tartlets of smoked chicken with apricot and ginger. The menu aims to incorporate traditional Scottish foods for the wedding celebration.
Judyta blaszczyk
This presentation discusses genetically modified (GM) foods and their potential risks to human health. It begins with an overview of what GM means and some common examples. It then discusses potential health risks identified by the WHO and animal studies showing worrying effects in rats fed GM maize. The presentation concludes that while no data definitively shows GM is harmful, more research is still needed given the lack of long-term safety testing and animal study results. Food labelling regulations in the EU are also addressed.
Business Plan
Magdalena Piotr proposes opening a flower shop that would sell ready-made bouquets, potted plants, and cards, offer bouquet design services and floral workshops, and possibly incorporate a coffee shop. The business plan includes details on product offerings, marketing strategies like offering photos of bouquets to customers, and a cash budget projection showing receipts exceeding payments each month.
Student Exemplar #2
The student's project discusses chemotherapy and its effects on the body. Specifically, it examines the cytotoxic drugs used to treat the student's brother's Hodgkin's Lymphoma, how these drugs work, and the additional drugs used to manage side effects. So far, the student has researched the stages of Hodgkin's Lymphoma and how treatment is determined, the specific cytotoxic drugs used, and the long-term effects of chemotherapy. Sources of information have included websites from cancer research organizations, articles, books, and interviews with patients and family members. The student has learned about the names and uses of cytotoxic drugs, their effects in more detail, and the different drugs administered alongside chemotherapy.
Student Exemplar #1
E. X. Ample gave a presentation on cetacean strandings around Scotland's coast. The presentation covered the causes of strandings, trends in increasing or decreasing numbers, environmental and human contributions to strandings, and media and public perceptions. Ample conducted research through journals, books, websites, and plans to continue comparing past and recent data through a questionnaire and contacting organizations. The presentation addressed challenges in access to information, availability of interview subjects, time management, and research techniques.
Graded unit exemplar presentation
Mark Hetherington delivered a presentation on oral presentation skills in science. The presentation outlined Mark's research project on applying presentation skills within the science curriculum. It discussed the importance of developing skills like research, delivery, writing and evaluation. Mark shared what he had learned so far, including working with an excellent class and the benefits of effective communication. He concluded by discussing the importance of presentation skills for science students and what he had learned through challenges in his research project.
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
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For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
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Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
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Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
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Atrial fibrillation
- 1. Atrial Fibrillation BY H. ARTY 16TH FEBRUARY 2017
- 2. Contents ▪ About Atrial Fibrillation ▪ What is Atrial Fibrillation? ▪ Causes of the condition ▪ Signs and symptoms of the condition ▪ Treatment of the condition ▪ Overview ▪ Conclusion ▪ Sources ▪ Q and A session
- 3. About Atrial Fibrillation • AF is the most common sustained heart rhythm disorder • Having AF doubles the risk of death, regardless of age • In symptomatic patients, AF is frequently associated with a highly significant reduction in quality of life • In all AF patients, the risk of suffering a stroke is increased nearly 500% • AF can be detected with a simple pulse check but approximately half of all patients remain undiagnosed • Nearly 1.2 million people in the UK have been diagnosed with AF
- 5. Possible causes of atrial fibrillation ▪ High blood pressure ▪ Heart attacks ▪ Coronary artery disease ▪ Abnormal heart valves ▪ Heart defects you're born with (congenital) ▪ An overactive thyroid gland or other metabolic imbalance ▪ Exposure to stimulants, such as medications, caffeine, tobacco or alcohol ▪ Sick sinus syndrome — improper functioning of the heart's natural pacemaker ▪ Lung diseases ▪ Previous heart surgery ▪ Viral infections ▪ Stress due to pneumonia, surgery or other illnesses ▪ Sleep apnea
- 6. Signs and symptoms Some people with atrial fibrillation, particularly older people, don't have any symptoms. The abnormality in heart rhythm is often only discovered during routine tests or investigations for another condition. People often attribute tiredness and feeling lethargic to ageing, but once normal rhythm is restored, they realise that these symptoms were caused by atrial fibrillation.
- 7. Treatment of the condition Implantable Cardioverter- defibrillator (ICD) Medication
- 8. Conclusion ▪ Atrial Fibrillation is the most common heart rhythmic condition ▪ The main causes of the condition are abnormalities or damage to the hearts structure ▪ Treatment for AF includes medication and/or having surgically fitted implants ▪ Most people who suffer from AF experience shortness of breath, dizziness, heart palpitations, chest discomfort to name a few. Some people experience no symptoms at all.
- 9. Bibliography ▪ http://www.preventaf-strokecrisis.org/report/chapter1/ ▪ ▪ https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/atrial-fibrillation ▪ ▪ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/dxc- 20164936 ▪ ▪ http://admin.heartfoundation.org.nz/atrial-fibrillation/about-atrial-fibrillation ▪ ▪ http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Atrial-fibrillation/Pages/Symptoms.aspx ▪ ▪ http://www.buzzle.com/articles/defibrillator-implant.html
- 10. Thank you for listening. Any questions?