The universal transverse Mercator projection divides the world into 60 numbered zones separated by the equator, with each zone spanning six degrees of longitude and having its own central meridian. The State Plane Coordinate System divides the United States into over 120 numbered zones, with each state containing one or more zones that usually follow county lines. It is a coordinate system rather than a projection that is used by surveyors and mappers. The State Plane Coordinate System uses either the Lambert conformal conic or transverse Mercator projections depending on the shape of the region being mapped. It is primarily used by government and surveyors for recording land surveys, highway planning, and utility work in California and other states.

5. INTERPRETATION OF THE MAPS
The universal transverse system is a specialized application of the transverse Mercator projection
which is both cylindrical and conformal. It divides the world into 60 numbered zones, both north and
south, separated by the equator. Each zone spans six degrees of longitude and has its own central
meridian.
The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) is a set of 124 geographic zones or coordinate
systems designed for specific regions of the United States. Each state contains one or more state plane
zones, the boundaries of which usually follow county lines. There are 110 zones in the continental US,
This is not a projection but a coordinate system that came into use in the United States in the 1930s when
the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey used it to provide a common reference system to surveyors
and mappers. In the 1950s, the US Geological Survey also began to base new topographic quandrangles
on it. SPCS divides the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands into more than 120 numbered
sections. These sections, referred to as zones, have assigned code numbers that define the projection
parameters for that region.
The SPCS system is based largely (Alaska is based on yet another projection) on two different
projections depending on the shape of the region being mapped. In the case of states that have an
extensive east-west expanse, the Lambert conformal conic projection is used. In the case of a state with a
north-south expanse, the transverse Mercator projection is used. Many county and municipal
governmental organizations use SPCS in local mapping projects.
The universal transverse system Mercator represent a means through which projections is used in
defining shapes, sizes in mapping the earth. The coordinate commonly used in the State of California is
the NAD27. This coordinate is mostly used because it has series of ground control measurement with an
origin point. It is an earth-centered datum based upon both ground control points and satellite. Taking a
closer look at the map of U S, California is located in the western hemisphere at the prime mederian and
in the North close to the northern hemisphere near the equator. In this case, the longitude is expressed as
x, while the latitude represents y values. The projection and coordinate system used in California does not
have predefined option.
In another development, the California state coordinate system is primarily used by government,
land surveyors, permanent recording of land surveys , planning of highways and also use by utility
companies. It is mostly accurate for locational reference system, and also best for working with local and
state sized areas, whereas, the Universal transverse Mercator divides the earth into zones. The first zone
starts with International dateline of 180 degrees east, and 64 degrees
The State plane coordinator system used for precise positioning, navigation for the location of
points in space in Texas. The prime meridian and the equator are the reference planes to use latitudes and
longitude. The state plane zone often follow boundaries often follow county boundaries. In the state plane
coordinate system, larger states are divided into several zones.
State Plane coordinator system is better and more accurate because it is divided by several
smaller zones comparing to UTM system. So, State plane coordinate projection is better and more
accurate.