Cosmetics ingredients come from natural and synthetic sources. Ancient civilizations used minerals for color and scent, while modern cosmetics have a wide variety of ingredients. Some ingredients like crushed insects were traditionally used for dyes but have been replaced by synthetic alternatives. Common cosmetics include products like perfume, lipstick and shampoo which contain ingredients like oils, waxes, preservatives and fragrances to serve functions like moisturizing, coloring and preventing spoilage. Manufacturers must carefully formulate products with appropriate ingredients to safely achieve the intended cosmetic effects.

1. Introduction
Cosmetics ingredients come from a variety of sources but, unlike the ingredients of food, are often not
considered by most consumers. often use vibrant colors that are derived from some unexpected sources,
ranging from crushed insects to rust. Many new techniques have allowed manufacturers to synthesize
such colors; the use of animal products has been reduced, due in large part to the efforts of Beauty
Without Cruelty, PETA and other groups, though not eliminated.
Cosmetics in a variety of forms date back to early civilizations, with the need to improve ones personal
appearance being an important factor in attracting a mate. Over the years the ingredients have changed
dramatically as we discovered how to manufacture our own scents and cosmetic formulas. The realization
of the dangers of many common ingredients also greatly affected the growing industry.
Ancient Egyptian aristocracy made use of minerals to provide colour and definition to their facial
features. During the era of the Greek Empire it was common to use face paints, while the Romans
indulged in baths containing oil-based perfume.
Cosmetic
Cosmetics(alsoknownasmakeupormake-up) are care substancesusedtoenhance the appearance or
odor of the human body.Theyare generallymixturesof chemical compounds,somebeingderivedfrom
natural sourcesand manybeingsynthetics.
Cosmetology
The job or skill of givingbeautytreatmentstowomenbywashingandcuttinghair,applyingmakeup….
Some cosmetics
1. Perfume
2. Lipstick
3. Vanishing cream
4. Cold cream
5. Lotion
6. Shaving cream
7. Aerosol
8. Shampoo
9. Shampoo with Conditioner
10. Tooth powder
11. Tooth Paste
12. Talcum Powder
13. Lip Gel
14. Lip Balm
15. Conditioner
16. Deodrant
17. After Shaving Lotion
18.
Somecosmeticingredients
1. White Beeswax
2. Mineral oil
3. Borax

2. 4. Cetyl alcohol
5. Petroleum jelly
6. Methyl paraben
7. Propyl paraben
8. Oil of Rose
9. Rose water
10. Stearic acid
11. Potassium hydroxide
12. Sodium hydroxide
13. Isopropyl myristate
14. Glycerin
15. Sandalwood
16. Purified water
17. Sorbitol
18. Menthol
19. Alum
20. Antioxidant
21. Sodium lauryl sulphate
22. Triethanolamine
23. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose
24. Sodium chloride
25. Coconut diethanolamide
26. Glycerol monostearate
27. 4- Hydroxycoumarin
28. Lanolin salt
29. Isopropyl alcohol
30. Ethyl alcohol
VanishingCream
Stearic acid 15.0%
Potassium hydroxide 0.05%
Sodium hydroxide 0.18%
Cetyl alcohol 0.5%
Isopropyl myristate 3.0%
Glycerin 5.0%
Methyl paraben 0.20%
Propyl paraben 0.02%
Sandalwood q.s.
Purified water q.s.

3. Function of the ingredients:
(1) Stearic acid:
a. It is the major oil phase ingredient in the vanishing cream.
b.Stearic acid is partially saponified with an alkali and the bulk of the stearic acid
emulsified with the soap thus formed.
c. It exerts pearl like appearance to the vanishing cream.the pearliness is probably due to
the crystallization of the stearic acid in the minutest laminae from which the light is reflected at
any angle.
(2) Potassium hydroxide and sidium hydroxide: Stearic acid is partially saponified with these
alkalies and the soaps(potassium stearate and sodium stearate)thus fromed emulsify stearic
acid in water.
(3) Cetyl alchol: Cetyl alchol,in a proportion of about 1%,acts as emollient and as an emulsion
stabilizer.
(4) Isopropyl myristate:it acts as an emollient.
(5) Glycerin:
(a) It acts as humectant. It prevents the premature drying drying out of the cream.
(b) It also makes the softer.
(6)Methyl paraban and propyl paraban: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus
prevent the microbial growth within the product.
(7)Sandalwood: It gives a pleasant flavor to the product.
(8)Water: Water constitutes the water phase of the emulsion.
Cold Cream:
White Beeswax 18%
Mineral oil 60%
Borax 01%
Cetyl alcohol 01%
Petroleum jelly 01%

4. Methyl paraben 0.2%
Propyl paraben 0.02%
Oil of Rose 0.1%
Rose water q.s to 100%
Function of the Ingredients:
1. Beexwax-Borax combination: Beexwax-Borax combination produces sodium soaps (emulsifiers) in
situ. The basic reactions involved in the production of the emulsifiers are the hydrolysis of the borax
(Na2B4O7.10 H2O) and subsequent reaction of sodium hydroxide with the free acids present in beeswax
(mainly cerotic acid, C26 and melissic acid ,C30 ) to form the corresponding sodium salts (soaps). These
soaps emulsify the mineral oil in water.
Na2B4O7 + 7 H2O 2 NaOH + 4 H3BO3
2 NaOH + 2 RCOOH 2 RCOONa + 2 H2O
Sodium salts (soaps)
Beeswax also gives consistency and texture to the product and borax gives extra white
appearance to the product.
2. Mineral oil: Mineral oil constitutes the oil phase of the emulsion.
3. Cetyl alcohol: Cetyl alcohol, in a proportion of about 1%, act as emollient and as an emulsion
stabilizer.
4. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus
prevent the microbial growth within the product.
5.Oil of Rose: Oil of Rose gives a pleasant flavor to the product.
6. Rose water: Rose water constitutes the water phase of the emulsion and also gives a pleasant
flavor to the product.
Shaving Cream:

5. Stearic acid 45.0%
Coconut oil 15.0%
Potassium hydroxide 0.5%
Sodium hydroxide 0.1%
Cetyl alcohol 1.0%
Lanolin 1.0%
Glycerin 15.0%
Sorbitol 5.0%
Menthol 0.5%
Alum 0.5%
Methyl parabr 0.20%
Propyl paraben 0.02%
Antioxidant q.s
Perfume q.s
Purified water q.s to 100%
Function of the ingredients:
1. Stearic acid and coconut oil:
a. They are the major oil phase ingredients in the shaving cream.
b. Stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids are partially saponified with an alkali or a mixture
of alkalies and the bulk of the stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids are emulsified with
the soaps thus formed.
c. Alkali metal soaps of stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids act as foaming agents.
d. Free stearic acid and free coconut oil fatty acids act as superfatting agents. They
neutralize any free alkali that might be present and also stabilize both the cream and the
lather.
e. Stearic acid exerts pearly like appearance to the shaving cream.
2. Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide: Stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids are
partially saponified with these alkalies and the soaps (e.g. potassium stearate and sodium
stearate etc) thus formed emulsify stearic acid and free coconut oil fatty acids in water.
3. Cetyl alcohol and Lanolin: Cetyl alcohol, in a proportion of about 1.0%, acts as an
emollient and as an emulsion stabilizer. Lanolin also acts as an emollient.
4. Glycerin and sorbitol:
a. They act as humectant. They prevent the premature drying out of the cream.
b. They also make the cream softer.
5. Menthol: Menthol exerts a cooling effect during shaving. It also has antiseptic property.
6. Alum: Alum has astringent property. Shaving may result in minor trauma in the face and
oozing of blood may occur. Alim stops oozing of blood by constricting minor blood vessels.

6. 7. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus
prevent the microbial growth within the product.
8. Antioxidant: Since the shaving cream uses oily and fatty substances, antioxidant is
incorporated to prevent their oxidation.
9. Perfume: It gives a pleasant flavor to the product.
10. Purified water: Water acts as vehicle.
After shaving lotion:
Isopropyl alcohol 30.0%
Ethyl alcohol 20.0%
Lanolin 1.0%
Glycerin 5.0%
Menthol 0.1%
Alum 0.5%
Benzocaine 0.025%
Sodium salt of methyl paraben 0.20%
Sodium salt of propyl paraben 0.02%
Antioxidant q.s
Color q.s
Perfume q.s
Purified water q.s to 100%
Function of the ingredient:
1. Ethyl alcohol:
a. It is a good base for the after-shave lotion.
b. It has a good antiseptic property.
c. It provides cooling and refreshing effect after use.
2. Isopropyl alcohol: Isopropyl alcohol is an excellent base for after-shave lotion. It has the
following characteristics:
a. It has a good antiseptic property.
b. It is less volatile than ethyl alcohol. That is, it evaporates slowly than ethyl alcohol. So, it
can be rubbed easily on the skin. Hence, it is called rubbing alcohol.
c. It does not remove oily layer from the skin. It is less corrosive than ethyl alcohol.
3. lanolin: lanolin acts as an emollient. It improves the feel of the skin.

7. 4. Glycerin:
a. It acts as humectant. It prevents the premature drying out of the lotion.
b. It also helps to maintain the water content of the skin.
5. Menthol: Menthol exerts a cooling effect. It also has antiseptic property.
6. Alum: Alum has astringent property. Shaving may result in minor trauma in the face and
oozing of blood may occur. Alum stops oozing of blood by constricting minor blood vessels.
7. Benzocaine: It is local anesthetic. So, it causes surface anesthesia of the skin.
8. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial preservative and thus
prevent the microbial growth within the product.
9. Perfume:It gives a pleasant flavor to the product.
10. Purified water: Water acts as vehicle.
Toothpaste:
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate 50.0%
Sodium lauryl sulphate 2.0%
Sodium saccharin 0.20%
Glycerin 15.0%
Mannitol 1.0%
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.0%
Oil of clove 1.0%
Alum 0.50%
Sodium perborate 2.0%
Menthol 1.0%
Light magnesium oxide 0.1%
Sodium salt of methyl paraben 0.20gm
Sodium salt of propyl paraben 0.02%
Oil of peppermint q.s
Purified water q.s to 100%

8. Function of the ingredients:
1. Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate: It act as an abrasive material.
2. Sodium lauryl sulphate: It is a detergent or surface –active agent.
3. Sodium saccharin: It is a sweetening agent.
4. Glycerin:
a. It act as humectant. It prevents the drying out of the toothpaste.
b. It also act as a sweetening agent.
5. Mentho: Menthol exerts a cooling effect. It also has antiseptic property.
6. Alum: Alum has astringent property.
7. Mannitol: It is a saliva-secreting agent.
8. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: It is a binding or gelling agent.
9. Oil of clove: It is a spicy flavor. It also has analgesic and antiseptic properties.
10. Sodium salts of methyl paraben and propyl paraben: They act as antimicrobial
preservative and thus prevent the microbial growth within the product.
11.Oil of peppermint: It has a refreshing flavor and a cooling effect. It is also germicidal.
12. Sodium perborate: It is a whitening agent.
13. Light magnesium oxide: It is a polishing agent.
14. Purified water: Water acts as vehicle.
Talcumpowder:
Talk 45.0gm
Magnesium carbonate 2.5gm
Zink oxide 2.5gm
Perfume q.s
Function of the ingredients:
1. Talk:
It is the main ingredient of the formulation. It acts as covering agent, powder softener.
2. Magnesium carbonate:
It acts as moisture absorber, anti-perspirant. It increases the floppiness of the powder.
3. Zink oxide:
It acts as opacifier, soothing agent. It also has mild astringent and antiseptic property.
4. Perfume:
It makes the bad odor of the body.