Colorants are ingredients that impart or alter the color of cosmetic products. Dyes dissolve to color the skin, while pigments coat the skin with an insoluble powder film. Colorants are used to make cosmetics attractive and are classified as organic or inorganic. Common inorganic pigments include chromium dioxides and iron oxides. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are widely used white pigments. Antioxidants like vitamins C and E, along with coenzyme Q10, protect skin from free radicals.

1. Colour Cosmetics

2. Colour Cosmetics
Colorants are ingredients that, alone or in combination with
other ingredients, impart or alter the color of the product.

3. Color Cosmetics
• Colors in cosmetics is contributed by an extensive range of dyes and
pigments.
• A Dye is a soluble coloring agent. It colors a product by dissolving in it. It
colors the skin by penetrating the surface.
• A Pigment is an insoluble powder color. These color the skin by coating it
with a film of pigment. Because pigments not actually absorbed by skin, so
easily cleansed away.

4. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care
products?
Colorants are used to make products attractive and appealing.
Types :
Cosmetic colorants are classified as either organic or inorganic.
Organic colors are synthetic, chemically very complex molecule, are available
as either water soluble, oil soluble. Water soluble dyes are used for coloring
soaps, lotions, creams, powders, salts, etc. Natural materials used to color
cosmetics, like carrot oil, beet extract and henna, are also considered

5. Types
Inorganic colorants are composed of insoluble metallic compounds derived
from natural sources or are synthesized.
The following are inorganic pigments commonly used in makeup.
1. Chromium Dioxides
2. Iron Oxides.

6. White Pigments
White pigments are widely used in all cosmetics. Titanium
Dioxide and Zinc Oxide are the most commonly used in
cosmetics.

7. White Pigments
• Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891)-Titanium Dioxide is used to impart a
whiteness to color cosmetics and it helps to increase the opacity, and reduce
the transparency of a product formula. . Also, it acts as a preservative and
sunscreen by reflecting light.
• Zinc Oxide (CI 77947)—Zinc Oxide, a white powder, is used in a wide
range of cosmetics.

8. Alcohols
A fatty alcohol that acts as an emulsifier and emollient.

9. Isopropyl alcohol, Butyl alcohol, Cetyl alcohol
• A cheap filler ingredient, a preservative, a carrier ingredient to carry the other
active ingredients into the skin cells, or to help evaporate the oils used in the
product.
• Alcohol in cosmetics typically consists of one or more of three types of
chemical additives: ethyl, isopropyl and methyl.
• Isopropyl alcohol is found in most hand lotions, hair color rinses, body
rubs, after-shave, fragrances and many other cosmetics.

10. Cetyl Alcohol
• Cetyl alcohol is a long chain alcohol which is solid. It is also not absorbed
through the skin when applied as a cream.

11. Waxes

12. Waxes
• Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are hydrophobic. Waxes are insoluble
in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents.
• Waxes are synthesized by many plants and animals. Those of animal origin typically consist
of wax esters derived from a variety of carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols .E.g
• Beeswax - produced by honey bees
• Chinese wax - produced by the scale insect
• Lanolin (wool wax) - from the sebaceous glands of sheep
Honeybees produce a natural wax, secreting it from glands on the sides of their bodies. It is
natural and non-toxic.

13. Uses of Bee wax
• Humectant: It attract water molecules, helping to keep skin hydrated over time.
• Fragrance: Beeswax has a natural honey fragrance, and is a favorite in soaps and
perfumes because of its pleasant, light aroma.
• Protective: When applied to the skin, beeswax forms a protective barrier that helps
protect it from environmental assaults, while also holding in moisture and reducing
dryness. This is one of the reasons beeswax is often used in lip balms.
• Thickening agent: which means that it can help thicken creams to make them
easier to use and more spreadable on the skin.
.

14. Sunscreens
Sunscreen, also known as sunscream, is a lotion, spray, gel or
other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's
ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against
sunburn

15. Organic and inorganic sunscreens
• “Mineral” sunscreens typically refer to zinc oxide and titanium dioxide,
which are chemical compounds labeled “inorganic” because they do not
contain carbon atoms in their overall structure.
• ‘Chemical” sunscreens are made up of carbon-containing molecules that
absorb light, and because they contain carbon, chemists refer to them as
“organic.”
Example:
Ethylhexyl salicylate, Oxybenzone, Titanium and Zinc oxide.

16. Oxybenzone
• When an organic molecule has a lot of double bonds, it’s good at absorbing
UV light, the same light that we are trying to block using sunlight. This is
what makes oxybenzone a good sunscreen.
• Oxybenzone is a clear sunscreen, meaning that it is relatively easy to apply
and does not have a white appearance. Most importantly, oxybenzone
absorbs UV light and protects skin from UV damage, which makes it a good
sunscreen.

17. Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide sunscreen
• Zinc oxide and titanium oxide sunscreens are also both very effective at
blocking UV light from skin through a combination of scattering and
absorbing the UV light. Both of these compounds are white and produce an
opaque appearance on the skin.

18. Antioxidants
An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of
other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can
produce free radicals, leading to chain reactions that may
damage cells.

19. Example of Antioxidants
• Vitamin C: or Ascorbic acid is a monosaccharide oxidation-reduction
(redox) catalyst found in both animals and plants.

20. Vitamin E
Is a fat-soluble compound. It is also known as Vitamin E.
• What it does: Acts as an antioxidant, protecting the skin from free-radicals. As
well, it has anti-inflammatory properties and aids in moisturizing the skin.
• Where you’ll find it: Found in most beauty products; shampoo,
conditioner, skincare products, bath & body products, foundations, and even
mascara.
• sebum provides a delivery mechanism for vitamin E to the stratum corneum,
topical applications of vitamin E permeate the epidermis and dermis

21. Vitamin A
• Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that
includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid.
• Vitamin A, and more specifically, retinoic acid, appears to maintain normal
skin health by switching on genes and differentiating keratinocytes (immature
skin cells) into mature epidermal cells.

22. Coenzyme Q10
• Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, coenzyme Q. This fat-soluble
substance. This compound inhibits both the initiation and the propagation
of lipid and protein oxidation. It also regenerates other antioxidants such as
vitamin E.