This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of institutional performance in public secondary schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the perspective of school administrators. The researcher conducted a questionnaire with 90 school principals to determine the level of effectiveness and identify any differences based on administrator qualifications and experience. The findings showed no significant differences in institutional performance related to qualifications or experience. The researcher concluded that effective school administration requires strategic planning, organization, evaluation, and development. Providing feedback systems and maintaining a positive school culture can measure institutional effectiveness. This study provides implications for improving administrator training programs and developing intervention strategies to address weaknesses in school performance.
Group 3 quality system in malaysia education edu 3093Farah Saparuddin
The document discusses quality assurance in Malaysian education. It defines quality and outlines ways the Malaysian government works to enhance the education system, including through long-term plans like PIPP and SKPM that establish standards and frameworks for continuous improvement. It also describes the roles of organizations like the Ministry of Higher Education, National Accreditation Board, and Malaysian Qualifications Agency in regulating higher education quality and ensuring programs meet international standards.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a school principal. It outlines 12 key responsibilities:
1. Setting the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the school to provide quality basic education.
2. Creating an environment conducive to teaching and learning, with factors like a guaranteed curriculum, safety, and professional collaboration.
3. Implementing, monitoring and assessing the school curriculum and being accountable for learning outcomes.
4. Developing the school education program and improvement plan to provide direction and prepare for changes.
5. Offering equitable educational programs and services to all learners in the community.
6. Introducing innovative instructional modes to achieve higher learning outcomes.
The document outlines Pakistan's education policy from 1972-1980. It discusses reforms and initiatives to improve student welfare such as increasing scholarships, providing interest-free loans, establishing book banks and transport facilities. It also covers curriculum reforms, expanding teacher training, improving libraries and use of educational technology like radio, TV and equipment centers. Other areas covered include examinations, physical education, military training, religious education and strengthening the administrative structure for education policy.
The document discusses 6 major models of educational management: formal, collegial, political, subjective, ambiguity, and cultural. Each model has distinct features and assumptions about how organizations function. For example, the formal model views organizations as hierarchical systems pursuing rational goals, while the collegial model emphasizes shared power and consensus decision-making. The cultural model focuses on the shared values, beliefs, and symbols that comprise an organizational culture. Overall, the models provide different lenses for understanding leadership and management in educational institutions, though no single model can fully capture the complexity of these organizations.
Education in Afghanistan has faced immense challenges due to decades of war and conflict. After the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001, the country began rebuilding its education system but still faces many obstacles. Enrollment increased significantly, especially for girls, but funding shortages, lack of facilities and teachers, attacks by Taliban forces, and child labor continue to disrupt education for millions of Afghan children. In contrast, education in Singapore is well-funded and accessible for all, with minimal security issues and equal opportunities for both boys and girls.
Assessment for learning is a process where teachers use assessment to adjust their teaching strategies and students use it to adjust their learning strategies. It involves using a range of approaches, including day-to-day activities and observations, to plan instruction for individual students and groups, identify strengths and learning needs, and provide guidance so students can manage their own learning. Assessment can optimize or inhibit learning depending on how it is applied.
Uni 3 growth and development of higher educationAsima shahzadi
The document outlines Pakistan's policies and plans for higher education from the 1950s to 2010. It discusses the establishment of the University Grants Commission in the First Five Year Plan of 1955-1960 and the National Commission on Education's role in developing education policies. Subsequent sections cover the key policies and developments in higher education promoted by the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Five Year Plans, including establishing new universities and increasing enrollment. The roles of the Higher Education Commission and other organizations in developing higher education in Pakistan are also summarized.
Group 3 quality system in malaysia education edu 3093Farah Saparuddin
The document discusses quality assurance in Malaysian education. It defines quality and outlines ways the Malaysian government works to enhance the education system, including through long-term plans like PIPP and SKPM that establish standards and frameworks for continuous improvement. It also describes the roles of organizations like the Ministry of Higher Education, National Accreditation Board, and Malaysian Qualifications Agency in regulating higher education quality and ensuring programs meet international standards.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a school principal. It outlines 12 key responsibilities:
1. Setting the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the school to provide quality basic education.
2. Creating an environment conducive to teaching and learning, with factors like a guaranteed curriculum, safety, and professional collaboration.
3. Implementing, monitoring and assessing the school curriculum and being accountable for learning outcomes.
4. Developing the school education program and improvement plan to provide direction and prepare for changes.
5. Offering equitable educational programs and services to all learners in the community.
6. Introducing innovative instructional modes to achieve higher learning outcomes.
The document outlines Pakistan's education policy from 1972-1980. It discusses reforms and initiatives to improve student welfare such as increasing scholarships, providing interest-free loans, establishing book banks and transport facilities. It also covers curriculum reforms, expanding teacher training, improving libraries and use of educational technology like radio, TV and equipment centers. Other areas covered include examinations, physical education, military training, religious education and strengthening the administrative structure for education policy.
The document discusses 6 major models of educational management: formal, collegial, political, subjective, ambiguity, and cultural. Each model has distinct features and assumptions about how organizations function. For example, the formal model views organizations as hierarchical systems pursuing rational goals, while the collegial model emphasizes shared power and consensus decision-making. The cultural model focuses on the shared values, beliefs, and symbols that comprise an organizational culture. Overall, the models provide different lenses for understanding leadership and management in educational institutions, though no single model can fully capture the complexity of these organizations.
Education in Afghanistan has faced immense challenges due to decades of war and conflict. After the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001, the country began rebuilding its education system but still faces many obstacles. Enrollment increased significantly, especially for girls, but funding shortages, lack of facilities and teachers, attacks by Taliban forces, and child labor continue to disrupt education for millions of Afghan children. In contrast, education in Singapore is well-funded and accessible for all, with minimal security issues and equal opportunities for both boys and girls.
Assessment for learning is a process where teachers use assessment to adjust their teaching strategies and students use it to adjust their learning strategies. It involves using a range of approaches, including day-to-day activities and observations, to plan instruction for individual students and groups, identify strengths and learning needs, and provide guidance so students can manage their own learning. Assessment can optimize or inhibit learning depending on how it is applied.
Uni 3 growth and development of higher educationAsima shahzadi
The document outlines Pakistan's policies and plans for higher education from the 1950s to 2010. It discusses the establishment of the University Grants Commission in the First Five Year Plan of 1955-1960 and the National Commission on Education's role in developing education policies. Subsequent sections cover the key policies and developments in higher education promoted by the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Five Year Plans, including establishing new universities and increasing enrollment. The roles of the Higher Education Commission and other organizations in developing higher education in Pakistan are also summarized.
The document outlines indicators of instructional leadership in a school including that the school's mission and vision are clearly stated, the curriculum is aligned with goals, and a monitoring plan is established and implemented to regularly observe teachers and address development needs while making data-based decisions and promoting student achievement, learning, and partnerships with parents.
The school management and educational leadershipPaolaGarcia4482
School leadership and management involves leadership, administration, and management working together. Leadership can be distributed among various people in the school and is not solely the responsibility of the headmaster. Successful school leadership requires guiding the school community towards its goals through motivation and orientation. It also involves treating all members of the school with respect, encouraging trust, and promoting democratic values. Effective leadership development employs methods like mentoring, coaching, and benchmarking that are grounded in educational principles of guidance, participation, and continuous learning.
The document summarizes the education system in Malaya before independence from the 15th century to 1956. It describes the various phases of development under different ruling powers and the establishment of different types of schools catering to different ethnic groups. The key periods discussed are the British colonial period from 1786-1956 and the post-World War 2 period from 1946-1956, which saw efforts to establish a national education system through committees like the Cheeseman, Barnes, Fenn-Wu and Razak reports.
Educational leadership involves creating positive change in education through roles like principals and administrators. An effective educational philosophy includes developing a vision for the future, establishing core values, providing leader training, managing change, leveraging diversity, and maintaining a sense of humor. Key principles of leadership are self-improvement, competence, responsibility, decision-making, exemplary behavior, caring for staff, communication, accountability, supervision, and team training. Functions of educational leaders are executive oversight, planning, policymaking, expertise, external representation, internal relations, rewards/punishment, conflict resolution, exemplifying behavior, symbolizing the institution, responsibility substitution, ideology guidance, a fatherly role, and accepting blame.
This document outlines ranking criteria and performance indicators for evaluating delivery units of the Extension Office. It includes categories for evaluating physical performance based on programs, projects, activities and support to operations. It also includes categories for good governance, accountability reports, financial performance, and innovative accomplishments. Objectively verifiable indicators and targets are provided for each category. The document also provides a process for calculating numerical and adjectival ratings for individuals and delivery units.
TSL3143 Topic 3b Development of the Malaysian CurriculumYee Bee Choo
The document discusses the National Philosophy of Education (NPE) in Malaysia and how it guides the development of the Malaysian curriculum. It provides background on the NPE, explaining that it aims to develop students holistically and produce knowledgeable and responsible citizens. It also discusses how the NPE shapes the country's educational goals and principles from primary to tertiary levels. Additionally, the document compares the previous KBSR curriculum to the current KSSR curriculum, noting changes like a broader scope and greater focus on 21st century skills in KSSR.
The document discusses different types of schools at the secondary level in Pakistan. It begins by explaining the role and functions of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), which oversees 423 public schools in Islamabad. It then discusses two prominent private school systems: Beaconhouse School System, which has a large global network and provides advantages of being part of a larger system; and The City School, established in 1978 in Karachi, which offers early childhood through GCSE and A-level programs. The document aims to provide an understanding of the importance of both public and private schools in strengthening secondary education in Pakistan.
Supervision of teachers has evolved from external inspection to support teacher growth. Early supervision involved inspecting what teachers taught and students learned. As schools grew, supervision shifted to principals observing teachers. In the 20th century, supervision aimed to evaluate teaching scientifically but also support student-centered learning. Clinical supervision was developed in the 1960s as a collaborative process between teachers and supervisors. It has since blended with other approaches but aims to promote teacher reflection and improvement through conferences and observations. Modern supervision incorporates multiple processes to support teachers within time and resource constraints.
Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025Tracey Akiam
The document outlines Malaysia's education blueprint for 2013-2025. It aims to transform the education system through 11 shifts, including benchmarking learning standards to international levels, ensuring students are proficient in Bahasa Malaysia and English, developing values-driven citizens, improving teacher quality, empowering school leaders, leveraging technology, strengthening ministry capabilities, increasing partnerships and transparency. The blueprint will be implemented in three waves to first turn around the system, then accelerate improvement, and ultimately move towards excellence.
Report system the cultural subsystem inside the schoolsystemAileen Calaramo
(1) The cultural subsystem is an important part of any school system, as it differentiates the school from other social groups through its aims, values, traditions, and ways of thinking. The curriculum and textbooks are part of conveying this cultural system.
(2) A school's cultural system is seen through its rituals and practices, as well as its stated aims and goals. However, integrating the diverse aims of different stakeholders in the school system, such as governments, professions, parents and students, can be challenging.
(3) Key elements of a school's cultural system include its curriculum, methodology, medium of instruction, and educational materials. But these need to be appropriate to the cultural context of the
SECONDAY EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE-8624EqraBaig
This document provides an overview of secondary education systems in several countries for comparative analysis, including:
- The UK and US systems emphasize compulsory education between ages 12-16/18 and assessment through exams. Curricula focus on core academic subjects with some vocational options.
- Japanese secondary education is compulsory between ages 6-15, emphasizing discipline, behavior, and health. Curricula include traditional academic subjects and English instruction.
- German secondary education has multiple tracks incorporating academic and vocational options with work-based learning.
- Indonesian and Malaysian secondary education is free and compulsory, incorporating national languages, religion, and preparing students for employment.
- Chinese secondary education is
ISQC 1 (Revised) Quality Control for Firms that Perform Audits and Reviews of Financial Statements, and other Assurance and Related Services Engagements
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's educational system. It discusses the importance of education and its effects. It then describes the structure of Pakistan's formal education system, which includes primary, middle, high, intermediate, and university levels. It also discusses informal and religious education. The document compares government, private, and madrassa institutions and notes drawbacks like lack of funding and planning that have negatively impacted Pakistan's educational system.
This document discusses instructional leadership and its importance in improving learner achievement. It defines instructional leadership as actions a principal takes to promote student learning, such as setting goals and supervising teachers. The roles of instructional leaders are to improve teaching and learning by setting vision, providing resources, and leading professional development. Research shows instructional leadership has significant effects on student outcomes and involves defining mission, understanding best practices, and ensuring supportive environments. Principals and teacher leaders provide most school leadership but others can also take on instructional roles.
Financial Analysis on Maybank and CIMB (Bank Management)Afifah Nabilah
This document provides an analysis of the financial performance of Maybank and CIMB from 2010-2014. Key metrics analyzed include liquidity, profitability, financial leverage, and asset quality. For liquidity, the analysis found that Maybank's current ratio increased from 2010-2014 while CIMB's decreased, indicating weaker liquidity. For profitability, ratios for both banks fluctuated over the period. Maybank generally had higher ratios except for earnings to assets in 2012. The analysis found CIMB had higher financial leverage than Maybank based on debt to equity ratios, though both lowered leverage in 2014. In terms of asset quality, Maybank's non-performing loan ratio was stable at 1% while CIM
Schools shape children's perceptions of the world and teach them the values and norms of society. A good society is produced by a good school system, and vice versa, so schools and society have an intimate relationship. Schools impact society through their influence on parent's school choice decisions, which affect student academic performance and future outcomes. Partnerships between schools and communities can upgrade school facilities, improve staffing, and increase resources to benefit student learning and programs.
PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION-8624EqraBaig
The document discusses problems, issues, and trends in secondary education in Pakistan. It outlines the country's commitments to education goals like the Millennium Development Goals and increasing literacy rates. Issues facing secondary education include the medium of instruction, lack of resources, gender and geographic gaps, and proposed solutions involve promoting rural education, technical training, and new trends like value education, remote learning, and digital textbooks.
Malaysia has a national education system that provides free primary and secondary education. It consists of six years of primary school, five years of secondary school, and then options for pre-university education, university, vocational programs, or polytechnic schools. The education system includes national schools that use Malay as the primary language as well as national-type schools like Chinese and Tamil schools. At the tertiary level, students can attend public or private universities, including some international branch campuses.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Gospel of John, including:
- Jesus' identity is more plainly affirmed as Son of God compared to the synoptic gospels. John's eschatology focuses on eternal life rather than the kingdom of God.
- Jesus makes seven "I AM" statements that reveal his identity to believers. Additional statements also imply his divinity.
- Jesus' signs bear witness to who he is and bring people to faith. His last discourse emphasizes unity among believers through love.
- The role of the Holy Spirit/Advocate is to help and convict. Eternal life is available now to those who believe. Jesus' crucifixion is his glor
This document appears to be from a church service program or bulletin. It includes elements like a call to worship, prayers, hymns, and readings from the Bible (including passages from John, 1 Peter, and Acts). The purpose seems to be to outline the various parts of the service, including songs, prayers, sermon passages, and blessings.
The document outlines indicators of instructional leadership in a school including that the school's mission and vision are clearly stated, the curriculum is aligned with goals, and a monitoring plan is established and implemented to regularly observe teachers and address development needs while making data-based decisions and promoting student achievement, learning, and partnerships with parents.
The school management and educational leadershipPaolaGarcia4482
School leadership and management involves leadership, administration, and management working together. Leadership can be distributed among various people in the school and is not solely the responsibility of the headmaster. Successful school leadership requires guiding the school community towards its goals through motivation and orientation. It also involves treating all members of the school with respect, encouraging trust, and promoting democratic values. Effective leadership development employs methods like mentoring, coaching, and benchmarking that are grounded in educational principles of guidance, participation, and continuous learning.
The document summarizes the education system in Malaya before independence from the 15th century to 1956. It describes the various phases of development under different ruling powers and the establishment of different types of schools catering to different ethnic groups. The key periods discussed are the British colonial period from 1786-1956 and the post-World War 2 period from 1946-1956, which saw efforts to establish a national education system through committees like the Cheeseman, Barnes, Fenn-Wu and Razak reports.
Educational leadership involves creating positive change in education through roles like principals and administrators. An effective educational philosophy includes developing a vision for the future, establishing core values, providing leader training, managing change, leveraging diversity, and maintaining a sense of humor. Key principles of leadership are self-improvement, competence, responsibility, decision-making, exemplary behavior, caring for staff, communication, accountability, supervision, and team training. Functions of educational leaders are executive oversight, planning, policymaking, expertise, external representation, internal relations, rewards/punishment, conflict resolution, exemplifying behavior, symbolizing the institution, responsibility substitution, ideology guidance, a fatherly role, and accepting blame.
This document outlines ranking criteria and performance indicators for evaluating delivery units of the Extension Office. It includes categories for evaluating physical performance based on programs, projects, activities and support to operations. It also includes categories for good governance, accountability reports, financial performance, and innovative accomplishments. Objectively verifiable indicators and targets are provided for each category. The document also provides a process for calculating numerical and adjectival ratings for individuals and delivery units.
TSL3143 Topic 3b Development of the Malaysian CurriculumYee Bee Choo
The document discusses the National Philosophy of Education (NPE) in Malaysia and how it guides the development of the Malaysian curriculum. It provides background on the NPE, explaining that it aims to develop students holistically and produce knowledgeable and responsible citizens. It also discusses how the NPE shapes the country's educational goals and principles from primary to tertiary levels. Additionally, the document compares the previous KBSR curriculum to the current KSSR curriculum, noting changes like a broader scope and greater focus on 21st century skills in KSSR.
The document discusses different types of schools at the secondary level in Pakistan. It begins by explaining the role and functions of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), which oversees 423 public schools in Islamabad. It then discusses two prominent private school systems: Beaconhouse School System, which has a large global network and provides advantages of being part of a larger system; and The City School, established in 1978 in Karachi, which offers early childhood through GCSE and A-level programs. The document aims to provide an understanding of the importance of both public and private schools in strengthening secondary education in Pakistan.
Supervision of teachers has evolved from external inspection to support teacher growth. Early supervision involved inspecting what teachers taught and students learned. As schools grew, supervision shifted to principals observing teachers. In the 20th century, supervision aimed to evaluate teaching scientifically but also support student-centered learning. Clinical supervision was developed in the 1960s as a collaborative process between teachers and supervisors. It has since blended with other approaches but aims to promote teacher reflection and improvement through conferences and observations. Modern supervision incorporates multiple processes to support teachers within time and resource constraints.
Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025Tracey Akiam
The document outlines Malaysia's education blueprint for 2013-2025. It aims to transform the education system through 11 shifts, including benchmarking learning standards to international levels, ensuring students are proficient in Bahasa Malaysia and English, developing values-driven citizens, improving teacher quality, empowering school leaders, leveraging technology, strengthening ministry capabilities, increasing partnerships and transparency. The blueprint will be implemented in three waves to first turn around the system, then accelerate improvement, and ultimately move towards excellence.
Report system the cultural subsystem inside the schoolsystemAileen Calaramo
(1) The cultural subsystem is an important part of any school system, as it differentiates the school from other social groups through its aims, values, traditions, and ways of thinking. The curriculum and textbooks are part of conveying this cultural system.
(2) A school's cultural system is seen through its rituals and practices, as well as its stated aims and goals. However, integrating the diverse aims of different stakeholders in the school system, such as governments, professions, parents and students, can be challenging.
(3) Key elements of a school's cultural system include its curriculum, methodology, medium of instruction, and educational materials. But these need to be appropriate to the cultural context of the
SECONDAY EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE-8624EqraBaig
This document provides an overview of secondary education systems in several countries for comparative analysis, including:
- The UK and US systems emphasize compulsory education between ages 12-16/18 and assessment through exams. Curricula focus on core academic subjects with some vocational options.
- Japanese secondary education is compulsory between ages 6-15, emphasizing discipline, behavior, and health. Curricula include traditional academic subjects and English instruction.
- German secondary education has multiple tracks incorporating academic and vocational options with work-based learning.
- Indonesian and Malaysian secondary education is free and compulsory, incorporating national languages, religion, and preparing students for employment.
- Chinese secondary education is
ISQC 1 (Revised) Quality Control for Firms that Perform Audits and Reviews of Financial Statements, and other Assurance and Related Services Engagements
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's educational system. It discusses the importance of education and its effects. It then describes the structure of Pakistan's formal education system, which includes primary, middle, high, intermediate, and university levels. It also discusses informal and religious education. The document compares government, private, and madrassa institutions and notes drawbacks like lack of funding and planning that have negatively impacted Pakistan's educational system.
This document discusses instructional leadership and its importance in improving learner achievement. It defines instructional leadership as actions a principal takes to promote student learning, such as setting goals and supervising teachers. The roles of instructional leaders are to improve teaching and learning by setting vision, providing resources, and leading professional development. Research shows instructional leadership has significant effects on student outcomes and involves defining mission, understanding best practices, and ensuring supportive environments. Principals and teacher leaders provide most school leadership but others can also take on instructional roles.
Financial Analysis on Maybank and CIMB (Bank Management)Afifah Nabilah
This document provides an analysis of the financial performance of Maybank and CIMB from 2010-2014. Key metrics analyzed include liquidity, profitability, financial leverage, and asset quality. For liquidity, the analysis found that Maybank's current ratio increased from 2010-2014 while CIMB's decreased, indicating weaker liquidity. For profitability, ratios for both banks fluctuated over the period. Maybank generally had higher ratios except for earnings to assets in 2012. The analysis found CIMB had higher financial leverage than Maybank based on debt to equity ratios, though both lowered leverage in 2014. In terms of asset quality, Maybank's non-performing loan ratio was stable at 1% while CIM
Schools shape children's perceptions of the world and teach them the values and norms of society. A good society is produced by a good school system, and vice versa, so schools and society have an intimate relationship. Schools impact society through their influence on parent's school choice decisions, which affect student academic performance and future outcomes. Partnerships between schools and communities can upgrade school facilities, improve staffing, and increase resources to benefit student learning and programs.
PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION-8624EqraBaig
The document discusses problems, issues, and trends in secondary education in Pakistan. It outlines the country's commitments to education goals like the Millennium Development Goals and increasing literacy rates. Issues facing secondary education include the medium of instruction, lack of resources, gender and geographic gaps, and proposed solutions involve promoting rural education, technical training, and new trends like value education, remote learning, and digital textbooks.
Malaysia has a national education system that provides free primary and secondary education. It consists of six years of primary school, five years of secondary school, and then options for pre-university education, university, vocational programs, or polytechnic schools. The education system includes national schools that use Malay as the primary language as well as national-type schools like Chinese and Tamil schools. At the tertiary level, students can attend public or private universities, including some international branch campuses.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Gospel of John, including:
- Jesus' identity is more plainly affirmed as Son of God compared to the synoptic gospels. John's eschatology focuses on eternal life rather than the kingdom of God.
- Jesus makes seven "I AM" statements that reveal his identity to believers. Additional statements also imply his divinity.
- Jesus' signs bear witness to who he is and bring people to faith. His last discourse emphasizes unity among believers through love.
- The role of the Holy Spirit/Advocate is to help and convict. Eternal life is available now to those who believe. Jesus' crucifixion is his glor
This document appears to be from a church service program or bulletin. It includes elements like a call to worship, prayers, hymns, and readings from the Bible (including passages from John, 1 Peter, and Acts). The purpose seems to be to outline the various parts of the service, including songs, prayers, sermon passages, and blessings.
Mengungkap sekilas dunia farmasi sejarah ternateangga putra
Kesultanan Ternate didirikan pada tahun 1257 dan menjadi salah satu kerajaan Islam tertua di Indonesia. Pada abad ke-16, Ternate menikmati keemasan berkat perdagangan rempah-rempah dan kekuatan militer, dengan wilayah kekuasaan membentang dari Sulawesi hingga Kepulauan Marshall. Kedatangan Portugis pada 1512 dan Belanda pada 1603 memicu konflik, namun Ternate berhasil mengusir Portugis pada 1575 di bawah pimpin
1) The document appears to be the order of service for a church gathering that includes songs, scripture readings, and a sermon focused on the themes of the Holy Spirit and Pentecost.
2) It includes the call to worship, songs of praise, scripture readings from 1 Samuel, Psalms, Romans and Acts about God's spirit and Pentecost.
3) The gathering concludes with a benediction sending the congregants to go in peace.
Creating effective internal processes for quality assessment,managent anddeve...azlinazlan
1. The document discusses how universities are creating effective internal processes for quality assessment, management, and development in response to increasing external scrutiny.
2. It focuses on the example of the University of Strathclyde, which adopted a devolved management structure in the late 1980s and established an Academic Quality Assurance Group in the early 1990s to build on existing quality practices.
3. Over the 1990s, Strathclyde strengthened departmental monitoring and review processes, clarified objectives, and encouraged innovation, compiling these policies into institutional guidelines. Regular reporting and committees ensure communication across levels.
Managing educational transformation in the globalized worldazlinazlan
Globalization is transforming education systems around the world, requiring new approaches to educational leadership and management. School leaders must prepare students for an interconnected world by developing cross-cultural understanding and promoting international cooperation. Educators also need new strategies for balancing local and global needs in an ethical and socially responsible manner.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of institutional performance in public secondary schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the perspective of school administrators. A questionnaire was administered to 90 randomly selected school principals. The findings showed no significant differences in institutional performance based on principal qualifications or experience. However, the study concluded that effective school administration requires strategic planning, organization, evaluation, development, and adaptation. School effectiveness is measured by positive culture, cooperation, feedback systems, and achieving educational goals.
This document presents a research proposal on improving education quality in Sabah, Malaysia through effective school inspections. The proposal discusses:
1) The background of the study, noting education's importance for economic growth and national development in Malaysia. Recent studies like TIMSS and PISA show declining performance among Malaysian students.
2) The purpose is to identify problems faced by Malaysian school inspectors and ways to improve their performance to enhance education quality.
3) The research will examine the responsibilities of inspectors, hindrances to effective performance, and ways to strengthen inspections through qualitative methods like interviews and document analysis.
The document discusses professional development for educators and argues that it should focus on personal growth and development rather than just skills training. It presents a model of adult development that shows how people progress through different ways of thinking as they mature. This framework can help professional development programs meet educators at their current stage and effectively support growth to more advanced phases of thinking.
This research proposal aims to investigate how to improve the quality of education in Sabah, Malaysia through effective school inspections. It will examine the responsibilities of school inspectors, hindrances to their effective performance of duties, and ways to improve their performance. Recent international test results have shown a decline in Malaysian students' performance, so there is a need to strengthen the role of school inspections in maintaining education quality standards. The study will interview Sabah state inspectors and a sample of school inspectors to understand their perspectives and identify issues. Findings hope to benefit inspectors, teachers, administrators and the Ministry of Education in enhancing supervisory practices and educational outcomes. The research is limited to the Sabah context but seeks to provide insights
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of institutional performance in public secondary schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the perspective of school administrators. A questionnaire was administered to 90 randomly selected school principals. The findings showed no significant differences in institutional performance based on principal qualifications or experience. However, the study concluded that effective school administration requires strategic planning, organization, evaluation, development, and adaptation. It was also concluded that school effectiveness can be measured by positive culture, cooperation, feedback systems, and alignment with the five responsibilities of effective principals outlined by Orloski: strong leadership, appropriate atmosphere, skills learning, teacher expectations, and performance monitoring.
This document provides background information on the challenges of determining school performance and effectiveness. Traditional methods such as test scores, accreditation, and curriculum audits are discussed as well as quality models from business. The study aims to investigate educators' perceptions of school performance using criteria from the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and determine if perceptions differ based on educator role or district size.
This research proposal aims to investigate how to improve the quality of education in Sabah, Malaysia through effective school inspections. It will examine the responsibilities of school inspectors, hindrances to their effective performance of duties, and ways to improve their performance. Recent international test results have shown a decline in Malaysian students' performance, so there is a need to strengthen the role of school inspections in maintaining education quality standards. The study will interview Sabah state inspectors and a sample of school inspectors to understand their perspectives and identify issues. Findings hope to benefit inspectors, teachers, administrators and the Ministry of Education in enhancing supervisory practices and the overall education system in Malaysia.
Supervision as a Determinant of Public Secondary School Teachers’ Effectivene...iosrjce
The study investigated supervision as a determinant of public secondary school teachers’
effectiveness in Central Senatorial District of Delta State. Seven research questions were raised and answered
and seven hypotheses were formulated and tested to guide the study. The study used the correlational research
design. A sample of 997 teachers was utilized for the study. The research instrument used for data collection
was the questionnaire titled teachers’ supervision and teachers’ effectiveness (TSTE) questionnaire. The data
collected were analyzed using simple percentage for the socio-demographic data and simple regression and
correlation statistics for the research questions and hypotheses. The seven hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level
of significance. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ supervision and
their teaching effectiveness, there was a significant relationship between teachers’ educational qualification and
their teaching effectiveness, and there was a significant relationship between teachers’ teaching experience and
their teaching effectiveness, hence supervision was seen as a vital and critical element of teaching effectiveness.
Innovation in Educational Management and Leadership: High Impact Competency f...syaabdulrahman
This study aimed to identify the high impact competencies needed by Malaysian school leaders. Researchers developed an instrument called KOMPAS to assess 26 competencies across 6 domains for 596 school leaders and 140 ministry officers. Statistical analysis identified 8 competencies as high impact: managing change, quality focus, managing ICT, decision making, problem solving, school improvement, capacity building, and performance management. The study provides data to help plan effective training programs for school leaders.
Supervision and inspection of adult literacy classes in nigeria an overviewAlexander Decker
This document discusses supervision and inspection of adult literacy classes in Nigeria. It provides an overview of the roles and importance of supervision and inspection in ensuring the effective functioning of adult literacy classes and programs. Some key points:
- Supervision and inspection aim to monitor instructors, learners, curriculum implementation, and learning environments to ensure educational goals and standards are being met.
- Common roles include mentoring instructors, improving teaching quality, relating classroom efforts to broader program goals, and resolving conflicts. Inspectors also evaluate arrangements for quality assurance.
- However, supervision/inspection faces problems like unprofessional conduct, negative attitudes, lack of follow-up, poor cooperation, inadequate training, lack of funding, and
The article discusses revisions made to the internship program at Southeast Missouri State University for students pursuing a Specialist Degree in School Administration. The internship was designed to provide hands-on experiences in the daily duties of a PK-12 superintendent through a team approach including the intern, superintendent mentor, and university supervisor. A key component was the portfolio developed during the internship to demonstrate how the program meets NCATE standards. Feedback found the internship and portfolio process valuable though time-consuming, with some components like supporting professional development and organizing resources more difficult than others. Based on evaluation, changes were implemented like increased guidance on components and communication between interns and supervisors.
The article discusses revisions made to the internship program at Southeast Missouri State University for students pursuing a Specialist Degree in School Administration. The internship was designed to provide hands-on experiences in the daily duties of a PK-12 superintendent through a team approach including the intern, superintendent mentor, and university supervisor. A key component was the portfolio developed during the internship to demonstrate how the program meets NCATE standards. Feedback found the internship and portfolio process valuable for preparation, though components addressing professional development and resource organization proved most difficult. Revisions were made to increase support in these areas.
The development of academic supervision learning material for the education a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on developing an academic supervision learning material for school principal preparation programs in Indonesia. The study found issues with existing materials, including a lack of consistency and incomplete coverage of supervision competencies and indicators. The research employed a development process to create a new set of learning materials, including a core book, program design documents, lesson plans, and slide materials. The new materials were meant to provide comprehensive and structured coverage of academic supervision concepts to better support participants in developing supervisory skills. The materials were tested through validation, experiments, and effectiveness evaluations, finding improvements in participant achievement over the conventional materials.
In many schools, the vision mission just "exists" and not become a guideline especially implementation of learning. The school just execute school routine without knowing the meaning of implementation. This is unfortunate, because the vision and mission are a unique destination that covers the activity and can be utilized as the power of quality of the service organization. How is the capacity of school management in developing the vision and mission? The goal of the research is to describe and analyze the capacity of school management in developing the vision and mission. This study used a qualitative approach with case studies. Data collection methods used are interviews, observation, and study of the document/artifact. The validity of the data is done with credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results show that schools which establish vision and mission based on noble values of the founders have a strong base for the development.
The document discusses the criteria used by the NAAC to assess higher education institutions in India. It outlines seven criteria: 1) Curricular Aspects, 2) Teaching-Learning and Evaluation, 3) Research, Consultancy and Extension, 4) Infrastructure and Learning Resources, 5) Student Support and Progression, 6) Governance, Leadership and Management, and 7) Innovations and Best Practices. Under each criterion are key aspects that reflect the processes and values of the institution being assessed. The criteria provide a framework for evaluating quality across institutions nationally and promoting transformational change.
A theoretical and empirical review of the relationship between head teachers’...Alexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the relationship between headteachers' leadership styles and student performance on the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) exam in public primary schools in Kenya. The study used questionnaires, interviews and document analysis administered to headteachers and PTA chairs. The findings showed that schools with headteachers exhibiting democratic and consultative leadership styles had higher average KCPE scores than those with autocratic styles. Additionally, lack of consultation with teachers and stakeholders was found to negatively impact student performance. The researchers concluded that understanding the relationship between leadership styles and exam results could help improve education policies and training for headteachers.
The document provides background information on Eastern Visayas State University and its College of Engineering. It discusses the important role of teachers in ensuring quality education and motivating students. The study aims to determine faculty perceptions of motivational factors like growth opportunities and job security, and maintenance factors like benefits and work environment. Understanding what influences teacher performance could help improve education standards. The conceptual framework discusses how meeting physiological, social and ethical needs affects teacher performance, based on theories of human motivation.
IRJET- Relationship between Achievement in Advanced Educational Psychology an...IRJET Journal
This study examined the relationship between achievement in advanced educational psychology and self-regulated learning among prospective teachers. A pre-test post-test design was used to evaluate the impact of an e-content module on growth, development and learning. Samples of 30 prospective teachers learning in Tamil and 30 in English participated. Results showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores, indicating the e-content was effective. There was also a substantial positive relationship found between achievement and self-regulated learning. The study concluded the e-content module improved achievement and self-regulated learning is important for prospective teachers.
This document discusses school-based assessment and its importance. It begins by providing background on the evolution of assessment in India from examinations to continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) and now school-based assessment (SBA). SBA aims to integrate teaching, learning, and assessment through child-centered approaches. It reduces the burden on teachers compared to CCE and focuses on competency development rather than rote learning. The document discusses the criteria, purpose, and strategies of SBA. It emphasizes that SBA helps teachers support students' learning while larger exams assess the education system's quality but not individual students.
Topic 10 Issues and Concerns Related to Assessment in MalaysiaYee Bee Choo
The document discusses issues with Malaysia's exam-oriented education system and efforts to introduce alternative assessment approaches. It notes that the current system overly emphasizes exams and rote learning. School-based assessment is being introduced to allow for more holistic and continuous evaluation of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. This includes assessments of academic performance, physical education, and psychological traits. The goal is to reduce teaching focused solely on exams and enable evaluation of a broader range of skills.
This document discusses challenges in defining effective teaching. It notes that effective teaching requires criteria related to educational objectives, which can vary over time and place. Common objectives include promoting cognitive development and literacy. Definitions of effective teaching often focus on student outcomes or teacher behaviors that promote outcomes. The review examines perspectives and evidence from inspections, teachers, principals, and students. It also explores characterizing effective practices and measuring teacher impacts considering school and departmental contexts.
The importance of quality education in nation building cannot be over emphasized. The research objective of this study is to investigate school leadership on quality assurance in higher education, Adamawa State. The population made up of senior lecturers in 10 departments in the universities. Stratified random sampling method was used to sample 10 lecturers from each of these departments, which makes the total sample size of 100 lecturers. The instrument for data collection was 20-item questionnaire titled ‘‘Quality Assurance in Higher Education Questionnaire’’ (QAHEQ). PLS- 3 measurement models was used to assess the reliability, validity of instruments and data analyses in this study. The result shows that the instruments were reliable and pilot study indicated strong evidence of validity. Findings revealed that, the research is significant because it explores the use of autocratic leadership style to improve quality assurance in higher education. It was therefore recommended that, authority should re-address the issue of funding university with adequate budget for training and re-training of staff.
This article examines the characteristics of school effectiveness and how the school effectiveness policy works in the context of education decentralization. The research approach is qualitative exploratory and was conducted in 2016 in 10 out of 35 districts/cities in Central Java Province. The results showed that there are eight characteristics of effective schools: effective school leadership, efficient learning processes, active community participation, a conducive school environment, increased professionalism of educators, heightened expectations of students, the commitment of teachers, which together lead to good student achievement. Local government policy has not been mentioned explicitly to build an effective school. The government system should contribute to creating effective schools through human resource development, community participation, provision of facilities and infrastructure, professional development of educators, guiding students’ and teachers' achievement, monitoring student progress, education financing to some degree, and the commitment of local governments to give appreciation to education actors.
1. The document presents the institutional profile and line and staff organization of CVCITC. It also discusses the difference between evidence-based instruction and outcomes-based education.
2. Evidence-based instruction focuses on using assessment and research to determine if students have learned required material, while outcomes-based education specifies measurable standards to ensure priority of skills and content.
3. The conceptual framework suggests that evidence-based instruction can help outcomes-based teachers integrate research into their lessons to meet individual student needs through different levels of work. Faculty will conduct classroom-based research to improve as outcomes-based teachers.
Assessment For Learning Effects And ImpactAndrea Porter
This document summarizes research on assessment for learning (AfL). It outlines the key principles and strategies of AfL, including sharing learning goals, formative feedback, peer and self-assessment, and using summative assessments formatively. The research finds these strategies have overwhelmingly positive effects on improving teaching practice and student outcomes. The document concludes by providing guidelines for policymakers and teachers to support successful implementation of AfL in schools.
Essential Elements for Optimising the Pedagogical FrameworkAJHSSR Journal
Pedagogy links theories and beliefs about teaching and learning to teaching practice in a
consistent and coherent way. The two broad concepts of teaching and learning have the clearest lines moving to
pedagogical applications. To achieve these values, effective teaching must be practiced by having teachers and
students work together. Educators must use various teaching methods in order for the students to have the
interest to learn and motivated to participate in class. The study aims to achieving an educational pedagogical
framework build on educational practice and experiences taken into consideration the feedback and feedforward
obtaining by the students during the course study and after the graduation. To sum up, the framework is
a continuous process that should be regularly reviewed and monitored. Staff/student liaison encourages the
mechanism of Feedback and feed-forward by obtaining students` feedback and communicating action taken in
response to feedback. To ensure validity and enable reliability of assessments, teaching objectives, modules and
learning outcomes must be analysed to establish the most appropriate assessment and feedback methods. The
HEI should encourage opportunities for staff to build good links with industry, government and employers so
that staff can contribute their knowledge to relevant partners in business and industry to benefit from the
opportunities of continuing professional development.
Similar to Assignment article review dr johan (20)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Assignment article review dr johan
1. 1
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
Faculty of Education
Course Code: EDU 702 – Research Methodology
Lecturer: Dr Johan @ Eddy Luaran
Article Review Assignment
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC
SCHOOLS IN THE EASTERN REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA FROM THE
PRESPECTIVE OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS
Plagiarism Declaration
I/we declare that, apart from properly referenced quotations, this report is my/our own work
and contains no plagiarism; it has not been submitted previously for any other assessed unit on
this or other degree courses. I/we understand the consequences if I/we breach this declaration.
Name: AZLIN BT AZLAN PHILIP KINJAWAN
Std. No: 2013500509
Email: azlinhjazlan@yahoo.com.my
HP: 019-5864113
Signature ……………………………………………..
Date of Submission: ________________________
2. 2
Contents
1. An Overview of the Study .........................................................................................................................3
2. Description of Methodology.....................................................................................................................3
2.1 Objective of the Study and Its Importance.........................................................................................3
2.2 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................4
2.3 Operational Definitions.......................................................................................................................4
2.4 Limitations of Study ............................................................................................................................4
2.5 Population and Sample of Study.........................................................................................................4
2.6 Research Methodology.......................................................................................................................4
2.7 Variables of the Study.........................................................................................................................5
2.8 Findings of the Study...........................................................................................................................5
3. Evaluation .................................................................................................................................................5
4. Discussion of Implications.........................................................................................................................6
References.....................................................................................................................................................7
3. 3
1. An Overview of the Study
In the current context of educational challenges, it is affirmative that school administrators play their
significant role in contributing to the effectiveness of school performances. Over the past decades, the
most applicable role for school administrators is to oversee priorities on the approaches of establishing
excellent institutional culture.
In this study, Dr. Fathi Mohamed Abu Nasser of King Faisal University explores the effective
administrative approach aimed at improving the educational process and assisting in promoting the
performance of educational institutions which refers to schools in particular.
Schools in accordance to the researcher considered as an important basic educational institution,
thereby creating a benchmark demanding a mission in achieving the desired goals and objectives. It is
therefore evident that intelligibility in approach of its management and determining course of actions
become the backbone to the success of the school.
The researcher highlights that the core of this study is basically to comprehend the level of effectiveness
of institutional performance in government schools in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. It is further specified that
there were a number of weaknesses and imbalances in school performance, particularly in secondary
schools, which qualify students for higher education as well as the labor market. This according to the
researcher further creates the need for strong and effective approaches in school management and
leadership. This statement is further supported by Orloski (1984), who outlined the five direct
responsibility of school principals: strong leadership, providing the appropriate atmosphere, school
emphasizes in skills learning, teachers expectations and providing performance monitoring system.
Taking all the criteria and elements of school performance into thoughtful consideration, this study
places faculty and provides a pertinent gap as it is entirely relevant to the area of educational research I
am going to explore further which deals with the practices and leadership aspects of the Malaysian
School Inspectorate (Jemaah Nazir dan Jaminan Kualiti), Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
2. Description of Methodology
2.1 Objective of the Study and Its Importance
As stated earlier, this study aims at identifying the degree of effectiveness of institutional performance
in secondary schools in the Al-Ahsa province from the standpoint of school administrators. Moreover,
the study also presents the selection of various variables related to school principals namely
qualification, school, experience and the number of training courses. Additionally, this study further
aims at providing more data to the Ministry of Education of Saudi Arabia to assist narrow down
weaknesses and shortcomings in attempting to deal it before it gets out of control. The researcher also
pointed out that the importance of the study lies in being one of the comprehensive studies in this field.
4. 4
2.2 Research Questions
In the researcher’s attempt to explore his survey, the study sought to answer the following questions to
provide adequate answers to his research objectives:
i. What is the estimated degree of effectiveness of institutional performance in government
schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the standpoint of school administrators?
ii. Is there a statistically significant difference in estimating the degree of effectiveness of
institutional performance in government schools from the perspective of school
administrators due to changes, qualifications, experience and the number of training
courses?
These questions are relevantly considered to be comprehensive as claimed by the researcher as they
pose significant maxims in his effort to seek and investigate the level of effectiveness of institutional
performance.
2.3 Operational Definitions
The researcher highlights and presents operational definitions of three major variables in his study
namely:
i. Effectiveness : The ability of schools to achieve their envisaged objectives in accordance
with the strategic planning, school leadership, organizational climate.
ii. Performance : The school performance of work and duties assigned to it to achieve the
desired objectives un the areas of strategic planning.
iii. Institutional Performance : Schools’ performance of duties through group individuals in
order to achieve the objectives in the areas of strategic planning.
As seen, all these key items correspond with the aim and questions that this study wish to explore and
discover.
2.4 Limitations of Study
It is specified by the researcher that the study is limited in estimating the degree of effectiveness of
institutional performance in Ahsa Government Male Secondary Schools, Saudi Arabia, during the Second
Semester of 2008/2009.
2.5 Population and Sample of Study
The population refers to the targeted group of which in this particular study includes public school
principals of Al-Ahsa province for the academic year of 2008/2009. Relatively, the sample consists of 90
public school principals, 85% of which was randomly selected from list of school principals.
2.6 Research Methodology
This study utilizes questionnaire that has been developed and it includes 32 paragraphs in accordance
with the Likert Five-Point Item in assessment of the degree of institutional effectiveness from the
viewpoint of Al-Ahsa public school Principals. Moreover, performance paragraphs are distributed over
three areas. It is pointed out by the researcher that instrument stability factor scored 0.92 in agreement
5. 5
with Cronbach’s Alph which tested the reliability of the research instrument used. Furthermore,
reliability of tools also had been verified by using internal reliability method.
2.7 Variables of the Study
The study employs Independent Variable which focus on experience as well as the number of training
courses. What is more, Dependent Variable is also used which consists of the degree of effectiveness of
the institutional performance in Al-Ahsa public secondary schools.
2.8 Findings of the Study
The findings of this study are directed with regards to the two research questions discussed earlier. With
respect to the research questions addressed by the researcher, it is safe to conclude that there were no
significant differences in the institutional performance due to qualification as well as experience.
Based on these findings, various substantial conclusions are thereby drawn by the researcher. First and
foremost, the researcher concluded that effective administration should include planning, organization,
follow up, evaluation, development and changing process. He added that school effectiveness can be
measured by the positive atmosphere and cooperative action-oriented, in addition to providing a
system feedback and evaluation system in place. This is strongly supported by Orloski (1984) who
outlines the five constituent of effective principles in managing schools namely strong leadership,
appropriate atmosphere, skills learning, teachers’ expectations and performance monitoring system.
In short, the researcher further stressed that the concept of effectiveness of the school depends very
much on the organizational unit, and that it is expressed in the form of school output, measured in the
light of the average achievement of students (Mamari, 2004)
3. Evaluation
In aiming to investigate the institutional performance in secondary schools, suffice to note that the
relevance as well as the accuracy of this study is clearly established by the researcher. This is due to the
fact that the researcher focuses on investigating and understanding the level of effectiveness of
institutional performances within the perspective of school principals, who hold the optimal power in
the pursuit of achieving the school determined objectives.
It is also discovered that the study has adequately addressed its objectives and the two significant
research questions posed managed to provide the desired answers in this study. The use of Likert Five-
Point item to assess the degree of institutional effectiveness in particular, is pertinent in terms of the
method selected in this study which is seen to employ the quantitative method of research approach. In
other words, the questions has proven to be appropriate to measure what the researcher wanted to
know and explore. Also, the utilization of questionnaire by the researcher in his attempt to elicit answer
for the research questions is deemed valid as the instrument and tool stability were carefully tested
conforming to the Cronbach’s Alph method of testing the internal consistency of test questions.
6. 6
In the same manner, it is also important to note that the researcher managed in accomplishing the
establishment of the significance of the research questions in estimating the degree of effectiveness of
institutional performance in government schools. This is proven in the researcher adoption of
appropriate variables such as qualification and job experience. Additionally, in determining the impact
of scientific qualification variable, Levene’s Test which aims to assess the equality of variances for a
variable calculated for two or more groups had been used to detect statistically significant differences in
estimating the degree of effectiveness.
As educators, it can be clearly concluded that given the methods of data collection and analysis of this
study, the researcher managed to come up with reasonable conclusion in getting accurate answers for
his two efficacious research questions.
Nevertheless, in the light of methodological accuracy and suitability, the researcher might also explore
the possibility of using qualitative approach in gathering data from respective schools principals. This is
based on the fact that some of the research tool and item might require respondents to express their
free own opinion as well personal insights as experienced individual school leaders. Thus, offering the
researcher variety of data and input to address issues in his study.
4. Discussion of Implications
From my own point of understanding and view, the outcome of this research not only support the
notion for school administrators to strategically overcome the number of weaknesses and shortcomings
in their institutions, but also suggest that more attention should be paid in narrowing down those
imbalances. This implies that schools should focus more in developing appropriate intervention
programs in line with the mission of the Ministry of Education. This study further recommends that
school principals be subjected to intensive training programs for improvements. For future study, the
researcher suggests that this study be carried out in female students school in the same area. Both
theory and findings of this study indicate that proper thought and planning in educational management
should not be taken lightly as this will drive the institutions to develop a long term strategies that makes
the most of the diverse perspectives in educational management and leadership styles.
As a novice researcher, the overall structure as well as main argument and theory exhibited in this
research paper provide a beneficial insights on the appropriate research approach and methodology to
be employed in conducting an educational research of my own. Such informed decision will further
assist in forming accurate and meaningful philosophical assumptions that I will bring in my own research
in the near future.
7. 7
References
1. Blair, E. E. (2010). QUALITATIVE EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: READINGS IN REFLEXIVE
METHODOLOGY AND TRANSFORMATIVE PRACTICE/RESEARCHING SOCIAL CHANGE:
QUALITATIVE APPROACHES. Harvard Educational Review, 80(3), 417-426. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/756745110?accountid=4251
8
2. Nasser, F. M. A. (2009). EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS
IN THE EASTERN REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SCHOOL
ADMINISTRATORS. College Student Journal, 43(4), 1228-1237. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/docview/236555334?accountid=4251
8
3. Orlosky, D. E., McCleary, L. E., Shapiro, A., & Webb, L. D. (1984). Educational administration
today. Columbus OH: Charles E. Merrill