SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 9
Presented by:- Mrs Kalpana Priya
Assessment of Teaching Learning
process
Difference between Assessment and
Evaluation
Assessment Evaluation
Diagnostic in nature judgmental in nature
Provides feedback on performance
and ways to enhance performance
in future
Ascertains whether the standards
are met or not
formative summative
process product
Feedback is based on observtion
and positive and negative points
Feedback relies on the level of
quality as per set standard
Relationship between assessor and
assessee is reflective i.e. criteria are
defined internally
Evaluator and evaluatee share a
perspective relationship, wherein the
standards are imposed externally
Set by both parties jointly Criteria are set by evaluator
Meaning of Assessment
 Assessment is defined as the act of judging the
amount of learning that took place as a result of
learning and teaching.
 Refers to related series of measures used to
determine a complex attribute of an individual or
group of individuals.
 Identify individual student weaknesses and
strenghts so that educators can provide
specialized academic support educational
programming.
What assessment of learning
means?
 refers to strategies designed to confirm what
students know,
 demonstrate whether or not they have met
curriculum outcomes or the goals of their
individualized programs, or
 to certify proficiency and make decisions about
students' future programs or placements.
Assesment is a process
 It includes 4 basic components :-
 Measuring improvement overtime.
 Motivating students to study.
 Evaluating the teaching methods .
 Ranking the students ‘ capabilties in relation to
the whole group evaluation.
Types and Approaches to
Assessment
 Formative Summative
 Informal Formal
 Continuous Final
 Process Product
 Divergent Convergent
What is Teaching-Learning Process
 Combined processes where an educator
assesses learning needs, establishes specific
learning objectives, develops teaching and
learning strategies, implements plan of work and
evaluates the outcomes of the instruction.
 Method in which the knowledge of teachers is
transferred to their students. It can be developed
through different systems (i.e., one way, in which
the teacher is the only speaker; circular, in which
teachers and students contribute to the
development of the class, etc.)
Assessment of Teaching-Learning
Process
 The systematic process of documenting and
using empirical data on the knowledge, skill,
attitudes, and beliefs to refine programs and
improve student learning.
 refers to the wide variety of methods or tools
that educators use to evaluate, measure, and
document the academic readiness, learning
progress, skill acquisition, or educational needs
of students.
Thank You!

More Related Content

What's hot

Affective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectives
Affective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectivesAffective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectives
Affective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectivesTasneem Ahmad
 
Principles of effective teaching and learning
Principles of effective teaching and learningPrinciples of effective teaching and learning
Principles of effective teaching and learningmavs morales
 
7 types-of-curriculum
7 types-of-curriculum7 types-of-curriculum
7 types-of-curriculumDaisyBarbon
 
Curriculum development
Curriculum developmentCurriculum development
Curriculum developmentchristy Ador
 
Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...
Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...
Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...Aras Bozkurt
 
Formative Assessment
Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment
Formative Assessmentmonikamehan
 
Psychomotor Domain of Learning
Psychomotor Domain of LearningPsychomotor Domain of Learning
Psychomotor Domain of LearningAlex Legara
 
Principles & theories in curriculum development ppt
Principles & theories in curriculum development pptPrinciples & theories in curriculum development ppt
Principles & theories in curriculum development pptchxlabastilla
 
Theories of Learning
Theories of LearningTheories of Learning
Theories of Learningiambenvaughan
 
Curriculum Development Process
Curriculum Development ProcessCurriculum Development Process
Curriculum Development ProcessSathish Rajamani
 
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domain
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domainTaxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domain
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domainNirmala Roberts
 
Gropu 3 management of instruction
Gropu 3 management of instructionGropu 3 management of instruction
Gropu 3 management of instructionJason Calonzo
 

What's hot (20)

Affective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectives
Affective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectivesAffective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectives
Affective Domain in taxonomy of educational objectives
 
Curriculum organization
Curriculum organizationCurriculum organization
Curriculum organization
 
Principles of effective teaching and learning
Principles of effective teaching and learningPrinciples of effective teaching and learning
Principles of effective teaching and learning
 
Essay Type Test
Essay Type TestEssay Type Test
Essay Type Test
 
Psychomotor Domain
Psychomotor DomainPsychomotor Domain
Psychomotor Domain
 
Instructional objectives
Instructional objectivesInstructional objectives
Instructional objectives
 
Classroom assessment
Classroom assessmentClassroom assessment
Classroom assessment
 
7 types-of-curriculum
7 types-of-curriculum7 types-of-curriculum
7 types-of-curriculum
 
Learning Objectives
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Learning Objectives
 
Curriculum development
Curriculum developmentCurriculum development
Curriculum development
 
Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...
Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...
Book Review: How Learning Works: Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Te...
 
Formative Assessment
Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment
Formative Assessment
 
Psychomotor Domain of Learning
Psychomotor Domain of LearningPsychomotor Domain of Learning
Psychomotor Domain of Learning
 
Principles & theories in curriculum development ppt
Principles & theories in curriculum development pptPrinciples & theories in curriculum development ppt
Principles & theories in curriculum development ppt
 
Theories of Learning
Theories of LearningTheories of Learning
Theories of Learning
 
Psychomotor domain
Psychomotor domainPsychomotor domain
Psychomotor domain
 
Curriculum Development Process
Curriculum Development ProcessCurriculum Development Process
Curriculum Development Process
 
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domain
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domainTaxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domain
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives- The Psychomotor domain
 
Gropu 3 management of instruction
Gropu 3 management of instructionGropu 3 management of instruction
Gropu 3 management of instruction
 
Review on curriculum development
Review on curriculum developmentReview on curriculum development
Review on curriculum development
 

Similar to Assessment of teaching learning process

EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptx
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptxEVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptx
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptxKavitha Krishnan
 
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptxWhat-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptxANIOAYRochelleDaoaya
 
Assessment and Evaluation
Assessment and EvaluationAssessment and Evaluation
Assessment and EvaluationSuresh Babu
 
Students Evaluation and Examination Methods
Students  Evaluation and Examination MethodsStudents  Evaluation and Examination Methods
Students Evaluation and Examination MethodsAhmed-Refat Refat
 
Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation HennaAnsari
 
2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptx
2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptx2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptx
2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptxsolomon554003
 
What is an assessment test
What is an assessment testWhat is an assessment test
What is an assessment testzulfiqaralibehan
 
A4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptx
A4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptxA4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptx
A4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptxgabrielacalvache13
 
Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)
Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)
Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)Babitha Devu
 
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1Babitha Devu
 
assessment and evaluation in education
 assessment and evaluation in education assessment and evaluation in education
assessment and evaluation in educationKanika Maheshwari
 
Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625
Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625
Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625Zahid Mehmood
 
ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625
ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625
ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625EqraBaig
 
Basic Concept in Assessment
Basic Concept in AssessmentBasic Concept in Assessment
Basic Concept in AssessmentJarry Fuentes
 
Assessment for learning by Dr. Goggi gupta
Assessment for learning by Dr. Goggi guptaAssessment for learning by Dr. Goggi gupta
Assessment for learning by Dr. Goggi guptagoggigupta
 

Similar to Assessment of teaching learning process (20)

Assessment & Evaluation
Assessment & EvaluationAssessment & Evaluation
Assessment & Evaluation
 
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptx
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptxEVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptx
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN NURSING.pptx
 
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptxWhat-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
 
Assessment and Evaluation
Assessment and EvaluationAssessment and Evaluation
Assessment and Evaluation
 
Students Evaluation and Examination Methods
Students  Evaluation and Examination MethodsStudents  Evaluation and Examination Methods
Students Evaluation and Examination Methods
 
Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation
 
2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptx
2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptx2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptx
2015 PGDT 423 (1).pptx
 
Classroom assessment
Classroom assessmentClassroom assessment
Classroom assessment
 
Formative evaluation
Formative evaluationFormative evaluation
Formative evaluation
 
What is an assessment test
What is an assessment testWhat is an assessment test
What is an assessment test
 
A4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptx
A4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptxA4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptx
A4.Calvache.Gabriela.Diseñodesa.pptx
 
Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)
Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)
Note on Evaluation and Assessment in Nursing Education (Part - 01)
 
Formative Evaluation
Formative EvaluationFormative Evaluation
Formative Evaluation
 
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1
 
assessment and evaluation in education
 assessment and evaluation in education assessment and evaluation in education
assessment and evaluation in education
 
Penaksiran Akademik
Penaksiran AkademikPenaksiran Akademik
Penaksiran Akademik
 
Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625
Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625
Unit 7 HIGHER EDUCATION CODE 8625
 
ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625
ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625
ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION-8625
 
Basic Concept in Assessment
Basic Concept in AssessmentBasic Concept in Assessment
Basic Concept in Assessment
 
Assessment for learning by Dr. Goggi gupta
Assessment for learning by Dr. Goggi guptaAssessment for learning by Dr. Goggi gupta
Assessment for learning by Dr. Goggi gupta
 

Recently uploaded

Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)
Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)
Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)Mark Reed
 
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptxEPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptxRaymartEstabillo3
 
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course  for BeginnersFull Stack Web Development Course  for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course for BeginnersSabitha Banu
 
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginnersDATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginnersSabitha Banu
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomnelietumpap1
 
Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........
Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........
Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........LeaCamillePacle
 
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfSpandanaRallapalli
 
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon AUnboundStockton
 
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERPWhat is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
 
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfAMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfphamnguyenenglishnb
 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 
Quarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up Friday
Quarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up FridayQuarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up Friday
Quarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up FridayMakMakNepo
 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentInMediaRes1
 
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Planning a health career 4th Quarter.pptx
Planning a health career 4th Quarter.pptxPlanning a health career 4th Quarter.pptx
Planning a health career 4th Quarter.pptxLigayaBacuel1
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)
Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)
Influencing policy (training slides from Fast Track Impact)
 
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptxEPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
 
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course  for BeginnersFull Stack Web Development Course  for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
 
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginnersDATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
 
Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........
Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........
Atmosphere science 7 quarter 4 .........
 
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
 
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
 
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
Computed Fields and api Depends in the Odoo 17
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
 
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
 
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERPWhat is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
What is Model Inheritance in Odoo 17 ERP
 
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfAMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
 
Quarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up Friday
Quarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up FridayQuarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up Friday
Quarter 4 Peace-education.pptx Catch Up Friday
 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
 
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdfTataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
 
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
 
Planning a health career 4th Quarter.pptx
Planning a health career 4th Quarter.pptxPlanning a health career 4th Quarter.pptx
Planning a health career 4th Quarter.pptx
 

Assessment of teaching learning process

  • 1. Presented by:- Mrs Kalpana Priya Assessment of Teaching Learning process
  • 2. Difference between Assessment and Evaluation Assessment Evaluation Diagnostic in nature judgmental in nature Provides feedback on performance and ways to enhance performance in future Ascertains whether the standards are met or not formative summative process product Feedback is based on observtion and positive and negative points Feedback relies on the level of quality as per set standard Relationship between assessor and assessee is reflective i.e. criteria are defined internally Evaluator and evaluatee share a perspective relationship, wherein the standards are imposed externally Set by both parties jointly Criteria are set by evaluator
  • 3. Meaning of Assessment  Assessment is defined as the act of judging the amount of learning that took place as a result of learning and teaching.  Refers to related series of measures used to determine a complex attribute of an individual or group of individuals.  Identify individual student weaknesses and strenghts so that educators can provide specialized academic support educational programming.
  • 4. What assessment of learning means?  refers to strategies designed to confirm what students know,  demonstrate whether or not they have met curriculum outcomes or the goals of their individualized programs, or  to certify proficiency and make decisions about students' future programs or placements.
  • 5. Assesment is a process  It includes 4 basic components :-  Measuring improvement overtime.  Motivating students to study.  Evaluating the teaching methods .  Ranking the students ‘ capabilties in relation to the whole group evaluation.
  • 6. Types and Approaches to Assessment  Formative Summative  Informal Formal  Continuous Final  Process Product  Divergent Convergent
  • 7. What is Teaching-Learning Process  Combined processes where an educator assesses learning needs, establishes specific learning objectives, develops teaching and learning strategies, implements plan of work and evaluates the outcomes of the instruction.  Method in which the knowledge of teachers is transferred to their students. It can be developed through different systems (i.e., one way, in which the teacher is the only speaker; circular, in which teachers and students contribute to the development of the class, etc.)
  • 8. Assessment of Teaching-Learning Process  The systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning.  refers to the wide variety of methods or tools that educators use to evaluate, measure, and document the academic readiness, learning progress, skill acquisition, or educational needs of students.