The document provides information on assertive communication techniques including: 1) Using "I" statements to express one's feelings and needs without blaming others, such as "When you [behavior], I feel [feeling] because [reason]." 2) Taking turns speaking and listening to allow both sides to share their perspectives in a constructive discussion. 3) Paraphrasing what the other person said to show you are actively listening to their point of view.

1. Assertiveness Training Mark McNalley

2. Characteristics of Behaviors Passive Assertive Aggressive Uses “I” Statements Fails to (or indirectly) express needs & feelings Direct expression of needs & feelings Direct expression of needs & feelings (to a fault) Depends on others to take care of self Stands up for legitimate rights Uses intimidating eye contact Does not speak up for self Looks directly at others Speech may be rapid Retaliatory responses Avoids eye contact Fluid speech pattern Voice may be loud or intentionally low Hesitant or rapid speech Calm body postures Tense body posture; may use threatening movement Tends to invite aggression from others Non-threatening to others Threatening to others; invites counteraggression Low Voice Assumes responsibility for self Blames others (does not assume responsibility for self) Tense body movements Clear, modulated voice Impinges on others’ rights

6. Your Turn! And here’s the formula…

7. When you I feel because and I would rather