This document provides an introduction to assembly language programming. It describes the basic components of a computer including the central processing unit and its registers. The CPU registers discussed include general purpose registers like the accumulator, base, counter, and data registers. Memory segmentation and the flag register are also explained. Pointer and index registers like the stack pointer, base pointer, and source/destination indexes are defined. The document was prepared by the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at United International University.
Advance procedures in assembly are fully explained by me and my group mates.
Main topics are:
*Stack frames
-Recursion
-ADDR, INVOKE , LOCAL, PROC , PROTO directives and variables
-MultiModule Programs in assembly
A different approach to learn assembly language programming for microprocessors. Please download the presentation as it contains lots of animations which are not supported by the slideshare slide show.
This presentation covers very basics of assembly language with some computer organization concept. I took this session as part of on going series on assembly at NULL Hyderabad meets. PART II will cover instruction sets and more in detail.
Advance procedures in assembly are fully explained by me and my group mates.
Main topics are:
*Stack frames
-Recursion
-ADDR, INVOKE , LOCAL, PROC , PROTO directives and variables
-MultiModule Programs in assembly
A different approach to learn assembly language programming for microprocessors. Please download the presentation as it contains lots of animations which are not supported by the slideshare slide show.
This presentation covers very basics of assembly language with some computer organization concept. I took this session as part of on going series on assembly at NULL Hyderabad meets. PART II will cover instruction sets and more in detail.
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the symbols "11" to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol for eleven, or a symbol for other numbers in different bases.
Numeral Systems: Positional and Non-Positional
Conversions between Positional Numeral Systems: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Representation of Numbers in Computer Memory
Exercises: Conversion between Different Numeral Systems
To Download this click on the link below:-
http://www29.zippyshare.com/v/42478054/file.html
Number System
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Why Binary?
Octal Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Relationship between Hexadecimal, Octal, Decimal, and Binary
Number Conversions
The following presentation is a part of the level 4 module -- Digital Logic and Signal Principles. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme.
The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.
This presentation is about the knowledge of computer memory which is critically study of Registers and flags in computer organization and computer architecture.
First 16- bit processor released by INTEL in the year 1978
Originally HMOS, now manufactured using HMOS III technique
Approximately 29, 000 transistors, 40 pin DIP, 5V supply
Does not have internal clock; external asymmetric clock source with 33% duty cycle
20-bit address to access memory can address up to 220 = 1 megabytes of memory space.
Uses a separate 16 bit address for I/O mapped a devices can generate 216 = 64 k addresses
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
1. Assembly Language Programming:
1. Introduction
Prepared by:
Md. Jahidul Islam (Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, UIU.)
Special Thanks to:
Muhammad Tasnim Mohiuddin (Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, UIU.)
April 2015.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), United International University (UIU).
2. Programming Languages
1) Machine Language
2) Assembly Language (Low Level Language)
3) High Level Languages
April 2015.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), United International University (UIU).
3. Simple Computer Model
April 2015.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), United International University (UIU).
4. Inside the CPU
April 2015.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), United International University (UIU).
5. CPU Registers
• General purpose registers
• Segment registers
• Instruction Pointer
• Flags register
• Special purpose registers
oDebug registers
oMachine Control registers
April 2015.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), United International University (UIU).
6. 6
AX (accumulator register):
Stores operands for arithmetic & data transfer instructions.
BX Register (base register):
Holds the starting base address of a memory within a data segment.
CX Register (counter register):
Primarily used in loop instruction to store loop counter.
DX Register (data register)
Used to contain I/O port address for I/O instruction.
General Purpose Registers
7. 7
General Purpose Registers (contd.)
Each of these 16-bit registers are further subdivided into two 8-bit
registers.
AH AL
BH BL
CH CL
DH DL
AX
BX
CX
DX
8. 8
Memory Segmentation
Data Segment
contains variable definitions
declared by .DATA
Stack segment
used to store the stack
declared by .STACK size
default stack size is 1KB.
Code segment
contains program’s instructions
declared by .CODE
Extra segment
DS
CS
SS
ES
64 KB
64 KB
64 KB
8086 Memory
64 KB
9. Flag Register
9
Flag register determines the current status of the microprocessor.
It is modified automatically by CPU after mathematical operations.
This allows to determine the type of the result.
8086 has 16-bit Flag register.
There are two kinds of flags: Status Flags and Control Flags
10. Flag Register (contd.)
10
Status Flags Control Flags
Carry Flag (CF) Trap Flag
Auxiliary-carry Flag (AF) Interrupt Flag
Zero Flag (ZF) Directional Flag
Sign Flag (SF)
Parity Flag (PF)
Overflow Flag (OF)
11. Flag Register (contd.)
11
Flag Purpose
Carry (CF) CF = 1 if there is a carry out from the MSB on addition or there
is a Borrow into the MSB on subtraction.
Parity (PF) PF=1 if the low byte of a result has an even number of one bits
(even parity).
Auxiliary (AF) Holds the carry (half–carry) after addition or borrow after
subtraction between bit positions 3 and 4 of the result
(for example, in BCD addition or subtraction.)
Zero (ZF) Shows the result of the arithmetic or logic operation.
Z=1; result is zero. Z=0; The result is 0
Sign (SF) Holds the sign of the result after an arithmetic/logic instruction
execution. SF=1 if the MSB of a result is 1.
12. Flag Register (contd.)
12
Flag Purpose
Trap (TF) Enables the trapping through an on-chip debugging feature.
Interrupt (IF)
Controls the operation of the INTR (interrupt request)
IF = 0 if the INTR pin is disabled
IF = 1, if the INTR pin isenabled.
Direction (DF)
Selects either the increment or decrement mode for DI
and /or SI registers during the string instructions.
Overflow (OF)
Overflow occurs when signed numbers are added or
subtracted. An overflow indicates the result has exceeded
the capacity of the machine.
13. 13
Stack Pointer (SP)
A 16-bit register pointing to program stack
Base Pointer (BP)
A 16-bit register used to access data in stack segment
Usually used for based indexed or register indirect addressing
Source Index (SI) & Destination Index (DI)
16-bit registers
Used to point to memory locations in the data segment
Pointer and Index Registers
14. Any Questions?
Thank You
April ,2015.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), United International University (UIU).