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Introduction to Film Studies




  Key Terms
Basic Definitions


Narrative is the telling of the story - it
involves more than just the story itself

Genre is the kind of film โ€“ SciFi, Action
        Adventure, RomCom...
Narrative
    Thinking about narrative means thinking about...
โ—   Plot (What happens)
โ—   Setting (In time and place โ€“ when and where)
โ—   Characters (Who's involved)
โ—   Point of view and sympathy/empathy (Who do we
    identify with? Who's story do we follow?
โ—   Time (Flashbacks? Time lapses? Real time?)
โ—   Themes and Representations (What's it all about?)
Genre
    Genre means different things in different contexts
โ—   Cinema is a genre
โ—   Fictional films are a genre
โ—   Horror, SciFi, Westerns, Gangster films, Musicals...
    all genres
โ—   Slasher horror, monster horror, supernatural horror..
    all subgenres...
โ—   I could go on
Generic Conventions
     Conventions are โ€œThe unwritten rules of genreโ€
โ—   Iconographic conventions โ€“ Westerns have horses,
    six guns, wide brimmed hats...
โ—   Mise en Scene conventions โ€“ they take place in
    dusty streets, rough saloons, deserted towns, isolated
    railway lines...
โ—   Sound conventions โ€“ we hear sparse music, slide
    guitars, gunshots, horses hooves...
Making Meaning

โ—   Denotation โ€“ what something is โ€“ a dictionary
    definition. Red is a colour on the spectrum with a
    wavelength of 700 nanometers
โ—   Connotation โ€“ all of the different things that
    something might mean โ€“ Red means danger,
    passion, blood, fire, lust, stop, warmth, love...
       Most film analysis is about understanding and
                 identifying connotations.
Cinematic Terms
โ—   Cinematography
โ—   Editing
โ—   Diagetic and Non-Diagatic Sound
โ—   Mise en Scene
โ—   Iconography
โ—   Performance
Cinematography
     The work of the camera. As photography is to a
    picture (or photo), so cinematography is to a film.
โ—   The type of shot โ€“ Extreme Close Up, High Angle
    Shot, 2-Shot, Establishing Shot, Master Shot
โ—   The camera movement โ€“ Pan, Tilt, Track, Cant
โ—   Light and Shadow
โ—   Colour and texture
Editing
       The movement from shot to shot, generally
             achieved in post-production.
โ—   Types of edit โ€“ Cut, Fade, Dissolve, Circle Fade,
    Wipe
โ—   Editing and storytelling
โ—   Editing and manipulating time and space
โ—   Parallel Editing
โ—   Seamless Editing
โ—   Montage
Sound
    You know what sound means. However...
โ—   Diagetic sound is made within the world of the film
    (the 'diagesis') โ€“ dialogue, traffic, gunshots, aliens in
    their flying saucers, music on the radio or at a
    concert...If you were there in the film, you would
    hear it.
โ—   Non-Diagetic sound is voiceover, background
    music and that's about it. It makes meaning for the
    audience but you wouldn't hear it if you were there
    in the film.
Mise en Scene

      โ—   What's on the screen. Everything you see.
โ—   Locations โ€“ real ones or sets โ€“ realistic or
    fantasy/sci-fi
โ—   People โ€“ and their clothes, props, their arrangement
    on the screen, their movement
โ—   Colours, shapes, light and shadow
Iconography
         Significant images โ€“ things with lots of
                      connotations
โ—   An icon was originally an image of a god
โ—   Different genres have distinctive iconography โ€“ guns
    and cars in gangster films, metal men and space
    ships in sci-fi
โ—   Icons are images loaded with meaning โ€“ short cuts to
    getting messages across
Performance

                    What the actor does
โ—   How do actors create character?
โ—   How much do they 'act' to make meaning?
โ—   Or is meaning made by the situations they are in?
โ—   Does it matter that the actor does their own stunts?
    Sings the songs? Dances the dance routines?

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AS Film Induction Presentation

  • 1. Introduction to Film Studies Key Terms
  • 2. Basic Definitions Narrative is the telling of the story - it involves more than just the story itself Genre is the kind of film โ€“ SciFi, Action Adventure, RomCom...
  • 3. Narrative Thinking about narrative means thinking about... โ— Plot (What happens) โ— Setting (In time and place โ€“ when and where) โ— Characters (Who's involved) โ— Point of view and sympathy/empathy (Who do we identify with? Who's story do we follow? โ— Time (Flashbacks? Time lapses? Real time?) โ— Themes and Representations (What's it all about?)
  • 4. Genre Genre means different things in different contexts โ— Cinema is a genre โ— Fictional films are a genre โ— Horror, SciFi, Westerns, Gangster films, Musicals... all genres โ— Slasher horror, monster horror, supernatural horror.. all subgenres... โ— I could go on
  • 5. Generic Conventions Conventions are โ€œThe unwritten rules of genreโ€ โ— Iconographic conventions โ€“ Westerns have horses, six guns, wide brimmed hats... โ— Mise en Scene conventions โ€“ they take place in dusty streets, rough saloons, deserted towns, isolated railway lines... โ— Sound conventions โ€“ we hear sparse music, slide guitars, gunshots, horses hooves...
  • 6. Making Meaning โ— Denotation โ€“ what something is โ€“ a dictionary definition. Red is a colour on the spectrum with a wavelength of 700 nanometers โ— Connotation โ€“ all of the different things that something might mean โ€“ Red means danger, passion, blood, fire, lust, stop, warmth, love... Most film analysis is about understanding and identifying connotations.
  • 7. Cinematic Terms โ— Cinematography โ— Editing โ— Diagetic and Non-Diagatic Sound โ— Mise en Scene โ— Iconography โ— Performance
  • 8. Cinematography The work of the camera. As photography is to a picture (or photo), so cinematography is to a film. โ— The type of shot โ€“ Extreme Close Up, High Angle Shot, 2-Shot, Establishing Shot, Master Shot โ— The camera movement โ€“ Pan, Tilt, Track, Cant โ— Light and Shadow โ— Colour and texture
  • 9. Editing The movement from shot to shot, generally achieved in post-production. โ— Types of edit โ€“ Cut, Fade, Dissolve, Circle Fade, Wipe โ— Editing and storytelling โ— Editing and manipulating time and space โ— Parallel Editing โ— Seamless Editing โ— Montage
  • 10. Sound You know what sound means. However... โ— Diagetic sound is made within the world of the film (the 'diagesis') โ€“ dialogue, traffic, gunshots, aliens in their flying saucers, music on the radio or at a concert...If you were there in the film, you would hear it. โ— Non-Diagetic sound is voiceover, background music and that's about it. It makes meaning for the audience but you wouldn't hear it if you were there in the film.
  • 11. Mise en Scene โ— What's on the screen. Everything you see. โ— Locations โ€“ real ones or sets โ€“ realistic or fantasy/sci-fi โ— People โ€“ and their clothes, props, their arrangement on the screen, their movement โ— Colours, shapes, light and shadow
  • 12. Iconography Significant images โ€“ things with lots of connotations โ— An icon was originally an image of a god โ— Different genres have distinctive iconography โ€“ guns and cars in gangster films, metal men and space ships in sci-fi โ— Icons are images loaded with meaning โ€“ short cuts to getting messages across
  • 13. Performance What the actor does โ— How do actors create character? โ— How much do they 'act' to make meaning? โ— Or is meaning made by the situations they are in? โ— Does it matter that the actor does their own stunts? Sings the songs? Dances the dance routines?