AS Biology- Carbohydrates 1
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This document discusses carbohydrates and their structure. It explains that monosaccharides are single unit sugars that can join through condensation reactions to form disaccharides, linked by glycosidic bonds. Benedict's reagent can be used to test for the presence of sugars. Monosaccharides are the basic building blocks, and include common hexoses like glucose. They can polymerize into larger carbohydrates through dehydration reactions catalyzed by enzymes.
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Biological molecules
This document provides information on biological molecules. It begins by defining biomolecules as molecules involved in living organisms that are typically made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. The main types of biomolecules discussed are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and water. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch, cellulose and glycogen. Lipids include fats, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols. The properties of water that allow it to act as the universal solvent in living systems are also summarized.
Macromolecules
- Carbon atoms can form chains and complex structures, allowing for the creation of macromolecules in living things. The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
- Carbohydrates and lipids are used to store energy, while nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information in the forms of RNA and DNA. Proteins have a variety of functions including catalyzing reactions, forming structures, and transporting materials.
- All macromolecules are polymers formed via polymerization reactions that link smaller monomer units together. They provide structure, energy storage, heredity, and catalysis essential for life.
UNIT 1 BIOMOLECULE_CARBOHYDRATES PRESENTATION
The document discusses biomolecules and introduces carbohydrates. It states that biomolecules are the building blocks of life and are composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Carbohydrates are one of the four major types of biomolecules and include monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and include sugars with three to seven carbon atoms. Oligosaccharides contain two to ten monosaccharide units while polysaccharides are high molecular weight polymers of monosaccharides. Carbohydrates serve important biological functions as an energy source, building materials, and energy storage.
Molecules of life
The document provides an overview of important biological molecules including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It discusses the composition and functions of these macromolecules. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fibers that serve as energy sources. Lipids such as fats and oils provide energy storage and insulation. Proteins are made of amino acids and perform structural and functional roles in the body. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information and aid cellular functions. The document emphasizes the significance of these molecules for life.
3.2 carbs, lipids & proteins notes
This document discusses carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It defines organic compounds and identifies examples like glucose, ribose, and fatty acids. It lists examples of monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose), disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose), and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose). It describes the functions of glucose, lactose, glycogen in animals and fructose, sucrose, cellulose in plants. Condensation and hydrolysis reactions are described in forming monomers, dimers, and polymers of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Lipid functions include energy storage, insulation, and structural roles. Carbohydrates and lipids are compared
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- 2. Know the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides Know how to use Benedict’s reagent Know how monosaccharides join to form disaccharides through condensation reactions forming glycosidic bonds, and how they can be split by hydrolysis reactions
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