DNA is used as a template to create messenger RNA through transcription. Messenger RNA carries the genetic code to ribosomes where transfer RNA matches codon sequences and brings amino acids for protein synthesis. Ribosomes assemble the amino acids into proteins according to the code provided by messenger RNA and transfer RNA.

1. DNA and
protein
synthesis
Chapter 2B

2. Learning objectives
• Understand the process of protein synthesis (translation
and transcription) including the role of RNA polymerase,
translation, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomes
and the role of start and stop codons.
• Understand the roles of the DNA template (antisense)
strand in transcription, codons on messenger RNA and
anticodons on transfer RNA.

4. Types of RNA

5. mRNA

7. tRNA

9. Ribosomes