This document discusses treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including their benefits, risks, and side effects. It describes several classes of drugs used to treat high blood pressure, including diuretics, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors. It also discusses statins, which are cholesterol-lowering drugs that work by blocking cholesterol production in the liver. Finally, it mentions anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors, which prevent blood clots from forming and references their potential side effects like stomach irritation and bleeding.

1. Chapter 1C

2.  Know the benefits and risks of treatments for
CVDs including antihypertensives, statins,
anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors.

3.  Drugs that reduce blood pressure are
 We can use:
 diuretics,
 beta blockers,
 sympathetic nerve inhibitors( ACE inhibitors)

4.  Are substances which increase the volume of
urine, by this way blood volume decreases.

5.  They block the response of the heart to
hormones such as adrenaline.

6.  Affect the sympathetic nerves which go from your
central nervous system to all parts of your body.
 These nerves constrict arteries, and increase blood
pressure.
 Angiotensin is a hormone, constricts blood vessels.
 ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors
block the production of angiotensin.

7.  Blood pressure may become too low
 Cough
 Swelling of the ankles
 Impotence
 Tiredness and fatigue
 Constipation

8.  Are a group of drugs that lower the level of
cholesterol in your blood.
 Block the enzyme in liver for cholesterol
production.
 Improve the balance of LDL/HDL.
 Reduce inflammation in arteries.

9.  Placebo – an inactive substance that resembles
the drug but has no action in the body

10.  Muscle and joint ache and nausea
 Constipation
 Diarrhoea
 Muscle inflammation
 Cause liver problems in small groups
(lovastatin 2 in 1.000.000)

11.  Sold in spreads and yoghurts.
 Reduce the amount of cholesterol absorbed
from our gut into blood.

12.  Anticoagulant - A substance
that interferes with the
manufacture of prothrombin
in the body.
 Warfarin usage in rat
 Platelet inhibitory drug –
used to prevent blood clots
forming by preventing
platelets clumping together.
Ex.: aspirin, clopidogrel

13.  Irritates the stomach lining, causes bleeding in
the stomach