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BIONIC EYE GIVE HOPE TO BLIND PEOPLS
- 1. 1 Academic year 2016/2017 Republic of Tunisia University of Sousse Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology BIO MEMS technology and application : Bionic eye Elaborated by : El –AGUECH Mohamed Amin TALBI Malek Supervised by: Dr. GUEDRI Lamia
- 2. 2 Introduction Conclusion Human eye diseases Artificial retinal prosthesis Experiences and Results Advantages and limits
- 3. 3 Develop technology to be effective for visual disabilities: BIONIC-EYE Blindness:40million Low vision:128million Normal vision Common goal [1]
- 4. 4 Motivation : Huge revolution in the field of medicine: Hope for the blind Replaces functionality for a part or the whole eye Chips specifically designed to imitate retina characteristics What Is a Bionic Eye? The first prototype : Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex
- 5. 5 Introduction Conclusion Human eye diseases Artificial retinal prosthesis Experiences and Results Advantages and limits
- 6. 6 Retinitis pigmentosa (RP): Progressive degeneration of the rod photoreceptor cells in the retina. Hereditary Genetic Disease Peripheral Rods degenerate Gradually progresses towards center of eye Tunnel vision results
- 8. 8 Age related macular degeneration(AMD): Genetically Related Cones in the macula region degenerate Loss of central vision Peripheral Retina spared Common among old people
- 9. 9 Age related macular degeneration(AMD):
- 10. 10 Introduction Human eye diseases Artificial retinal prosthesis
- 11. 11 Experimental visual device restore functional vision rectifies RP and AMD to an extent Two of retinal prosthesis : Epiretinal implantaion :ARGUS II device Subritinal implantaion : Alpha IMS device
- 12. 12 ARGUS II : [2] The first approved device in clinical trials : USA and Europe. Components : 3 external components and 3 internal components. Micro -Camera Visual Processing Unit: VPU Wireless transmitter Electronics case Wriless antenna Multi-electrode array (60electrodes) With this system working with a camera, the patient has to turn the whole head and not just the eyes to look around.
- 13. 13 Who is eligible ? Age 25 or older Bare light or no light perception in both eyes Being able to receive the recommended post-implant clinical follow-up, device fitting, and visual rehabilitation .
- 14. 14 Alpha IMS device : [3] Alpha-IMS has been involved in clinical trials in Europe and Hong Kong. It does not depend on an external camera but a totally implantable structure CMOS chip (1500 electrodes ) Foil substrate Power supply cable Return electrode Ceramic housing
- 15. 15 Eligibility ? Same Criteria as the Argus II device. Number of micro electrodes:1500 16 electrodes +200electrodes +1000 electrodes
- 16. 16 Introduction Human eye diseases Artificial retinal prosthesis Experiences and Results
- 17. 17 •9 females •21 males Number of patients •58 •+- 10 Main age • 35,2 • +-11,5 Years since diagnosis the problems Argus II statistics :
- 18. 18 Tests : Orientation and Mobility: Finding the door 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 after 3 manths after 6 manths success faile Colonne1Room with walls of uniform color Failur Success
- 19. 19 After 5 years: 60% of patients (18/30) had experienced no device- or surgery-related SAEs* Only 1 patient had a SAE after the 3rd year of implantation 1 case of retinal detachment was noticed after 4,5 years One patient died at 6 years after implantation of natural causes unrelated to the Argus II. *SAE : Serious Adverse Event
- 20. 20 • 13 females • 16 males Number of patients • 58 • +- 8,2 Main age • 35,2 • +-11,5 Years since diagnosis the problems Alpha IMS statistic :
- 21. 21 Test : Ability to see objects and shapes Reading letters and words ability to read newspaper headlines. patients could see light, doors, and windows could detect whether a light was on or off patients did not respond to implantation Test’s results :
- 22. 22 Introduction Conclusion Human eye diseases Artificial retinal prosthesis Experiences and Results Advantages and limits
- 23. 23 LimitsAdvantages The technology may enable people to recognize faces and facial expressions. Water-proof and corrosion- proof : The chip is enclosed in a titanium casing Expected Durability : 10 years The unfortunate people who were born blind do not have the neurological capability to process the data received via the wire. The optic nerve must be at least partly functional or else the data will not be fully processed.
- 24. 24 Introduction Conclusion Human eye diseases Artificial retinal prosthesis Experiences and Results Advantages and limits
- 25. 25 The results provide proof of principle that a subretinal (IMS) and epritinal (Argus) implant can restore reliably measurable visual function. Now Bionic devices are developing to do more than replacing defective parts.
- 26. 26 Providing power to run bionic implants and making connections to the brain's control system pose the two great challenges for biomedical engineering. We are now looking at devices like bionic arms, tongues, noses etc.
- 27. 27 Thank you for your attention !
- 28. 28 [1] Brig A Banarji , Col VS Gurunadh, Col S Patyal , Col TS Ahluwalia, Maj Gen DP Vats, SM, VSM, Col M Bhadauria : Visual Prosthesis : Artificial Vision [2]Tai-Chi Lin, Hua-Ming Chang , Chih-Chien Hsu , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Yan-Ting Chen , Szu-Yu Chen , Shih-Jen Chen : Retinal prostheses in degenerative retinal diseases , Journal of the Chinese Medical Association (2015) [3]Katarina Stingl , Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt , Dorothea Besch , Caroline K. Chee , Charles L. Cottriall , Florian Gekeler a , Markus Groppe , Timothy L. Jackson , Robert E. MacLaren , Assen Koitschev , Akos Kusnyerik , James Neffendorf , Janos Nemeth , Mohamed Adheem Naser Naeem , Tobias Peters h , James D. Ramsden l , Helmut Sachs , Andrew Simpson , Mandeep S. Singh , Barbara Wilhelm , David Wong , Eberhart Zrenner(2015) . Subretinal Visual Implant Alpha IMS. Vision Research
Editor's Notes
- 40 million people suffering from blindness worldwide and another 124 million affected by low vision. * scientists have one common goal: to develop technology that's as effective for visual disabilities. The first prototype of a device was conceived by Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex
- * scientists have one common goal: to develop technology that's as effective for visual disabilities. The first prototype of a device was conceived by Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex
- Bionic Eye is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness. It rectifies Retinitis pigmentosa and Macular degeneration to an extent
- Argus II is the first approved device in clinical trials in both the USA and Europe. the Argus® II Retinal Prosthesis System employs 3 external components and 3 internal components. The 3 external components are: * Micro Camera for real-time image capture A wireless transmitter of the processed data from the VPU and electrical power to the internal components using radiofrequency (RF) telemetry * A portable computer (the Visual Processing Unit: VPU) for processing of the captured scenes and translation into electrical stimulating parameters conveying spatial-temporal information. And the components of the implanted system are : * Electronics case : Specific-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) for generating appropriate electrical pulses *A wireless antenna of RF telemetry, it converts radio waves back to electrical signals to recover both data and electrical power. *Multi-electrode array : consisting of 60 platinum electrodes
- The Argus II is eligibil for who meet the following criteria : * Adults, age 25 years or older *Have bare light or no light perception in both eyes: Bare light perception is the ability to perceive light, but not the direction from which the light is coming. *Be aphakic or pseudophakic: o Aphakic means that the eye is lacking its natural lens. o Pseudophakic means that the eye has been fitted with an artificial lens implant to replace the missing or surgically removed natural lens. *Be willing and able to receive the recommended post-implant clinical follow-up, device fitting, and visual rehabilitation
- Alpha-IMS has been involved in clinical trials in Europe and Hong Kong. Unlike the Argus II , it does not depend on an external camera.
- There is a big advantage Thanks to the greate number of microelectrodes in the CMOS chip there is a big improvement in the quality of vision
- Between 2007 2009
- The first test(figure9) is finding the door room after placing the patient in the center and then if he touched the door we consider it as a "successful" test.
- One-quarter of patients achieved the ability to read newspaper headlines. Another quarter of patients could see light, doors, and windows when they entered a room. A quarter of patients could detect whether a light was on or off and locate the light source. One quarter of patients did not respond to implantation.