There are many people in this world who cannot see.And costs much to gain vision.This article enlightens how people can gain vision through "BIONIC EYE". A Ray Of Vision For The Blind
There are many people in this world who cannot see.And costs much to gain vision.This article enlightens how people can gain vision through "BIONIC EYE". A Ray Of Vision For The Blind
Bionic eye is a device that can provide sight-detection of light.
Researches working for the Boston Retinal Implant Project have been developing Bionic eye implant that could restore the eye sight of people who suffer from age related blindness.
It is based on a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina, at the back of the eye ball.
Ultra thin wires strengthens the damaged optic nerve.
The user should wear special eye glasses battery powered camera and a transmitter.
There are millions of blind people who are hoping that medical technology would enable them to see the world one day. Well, the day is not far when the use of a bionic eye would be a routine medical procedure, which gives near perfect vision. Blind people would ultimately be able to recognize faces with the device. U.S and German scientists have designed a bionic eye to allow blind people to see again. The word “bionic” is derived from BIo+electrONIC.A bionic eye or visual prosthesis is a form of neural prosthesis intended to partially restore lost vision or amplify existing vision. It usually takes the form of an externally-worn camera that is attached to a stimulator on the retina, optic nerve, or in the visual cortex, in order to produce perceptions in the visual cortex. In simple words we say that itis an eye that works by itself, our brain controls it just like a real eye.Mr. Gregg Suaning created the design of bionic eye.A new artificial retina, an array of electrodes implanted on the back of the eye, has participants who had the implant for at least three months, 10 of the patients subsequently tested were able to identify the direction of moving objects.
Bionic eye is an Artificial electronic eye.The electronic device which replaces functionality of a part or whole of the eye.The main purpose of bionic eye is to provide vision.The implant is a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina in the eye ball.There are two basic methods of bionic eyeMARC( Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chip )ASR ( Artificial Silicon Retina system)
IT IS THE NEW SIDE OF LIFE SCIENCE WHICH CAN IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF DAMAGE PART OF THE EYE , IN THIS PPT VARIOUS TECHNIQUES ARE DESCRIBED ON BIONIC EYE.
Bionic eye is a device that can provide sight-detection of light.
Researches working for the Boston Retinal Implant Project have been developing Bionic eye implant that could restore the eye sight of people who suffer from age related blindness.
It is based on a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina, at the back of the eye ball.
Ultra thin wires strengthens the damaged optic nerve.
The user should wear special eye glasses battery powered camera and a transmitter.
There are millions of blind people who are hoping that medical technology would enable them to see the world one day. Well, the day is not far when the use of a bionic eye would be a routine medical procedure, which gives near perfect vision. Blind people would ultimately be able to recognize faces with the device. U.S and German scientists have designed a bionic eye to allow blind people to see again. The word “bionic” is derived from BIo+electrONIC.A bionic eye or visual prosthesis is a form of neural prosthesis intended to partially restore lost vision or amplify existing vision. It usually takes the form of an externally-worn camera that is attached to a stimulator on the retina, optic nerve, or in the visual cortex, in order to produce perceptions in the visual cortex. In simple words we say that itis an eye that works by itself, our brain controls it just like a real eye.Mr. Gregg Suaning created the design of bionic eye.A new artificial retina, an array of electrodes implanted on the back of the eye, has participants who had the implant for at least three months, 10 of the patients subsequently tested were able to identify the direction of moving objects.
Bionic eye is an Artificial electronic eye.The electronic device which replaces functionality of a part or whole of the eye.The main purpose of bionic eye is to provide vision.The implant is a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina in the eye ball.There are two basic methods of bionic eyeMARC( Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chip )ASR ( Artificial Silicon Retina system)
IT IS THE NEW SIDE OF LIFE SCIENCE WHICH CAN IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF DAMAGE PART OF THE EYE , IN THIS PPT VARIOUS TECHNIQUES ARE DESCRIBED ON BIONIC EYE.
visual prosthesis replicates the natural vision of the eye and are one of the newer innovations in the field of ophthalmology. Helps in degenerative disease like Age related macular degeneration , retinitis pigmentosa etc.
ARTIFICIAL RETINA USING THIN FILM TRANSISTORS DRIVEN BY WIRELESS POWER SUPPLYManiroop Badam
Artificial retinas have been ardently desired to recover the sight sense for sight-handicapped people. We have verified that an artificial retina using poly-Si TFTs can be driven by wireless power supply. It is confirmed that the irradiated light distribution can be reproduced as the output voltage distribution owing to the parameter optimization of the wireless power supply system.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Fundamentals of Electric Drives and its applications.pptx
Bionic Eye- A vision of hope
1. www.ijsetr.com
ISSN 2319-8885
Vol.04,Issue.36,
September-2015,
Pages:7862-7864
Copyright @ 2015 IJSETR. All rights reserved.
Bionic Eye-A Vision of Hope
MOHIT KHATRI
1
, SALIL VAIDYA
2
, MANAS KARANJEKAR
3
1
B.E Student, V.E.S Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India, E-mail: mohit.khatri@ves.ac.in.
2
B.E Student, V.E.S Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India, E-mail: salil.vaidya@ves.ac.in.
3
B.E Student, V.E.S Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India, E-mail: manas.karanjekar@ves.ac.in.
Abstract: 'Bionics' is an amalgamation of the words 'biology' and' electronics'. The 'Bionic Eye' utilizes a digital camera installed
on a pair of glasses and a video-processing micro-chip implanted in the eye. The camera captures images and transmits this data to
the chip which performs image sharpening, restoration, pattern analysis and recognition. An array of electrodes embedded on the
chip send out electrical impulses on the optic nerves connected to the vision processing centres of the brain, where they are
interpreted as an image. The continuous reception, analysis and transmission of signals along the optical nerve of the brain
enables a visually-impaired person to perceive objects.
Keywords: Prosthesis, Cortex, Implants, Phosphene, Transcranial.
I. INTRODUCTION
The current population of blind people is 285 million and
with the need for eye donors increasing, the actual amount of
people willing to donate is much less. The bionic eye
provides a feasible solution to this problem. The basic idea
behind the working of the device is stimulation of brain cells.
A phosphene is aphenomen on characterized by the
experience of seeing light without light actually entering the
eye. The word phosphene comes from the Greek word sphos
(light) and phainein (to show). Phosphenes that are induced
by movement or sound are often associated with
opticneuritis. Phosphenes can be directly induced by
mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation of the retinaor
visual cortex as well as by random firing of cells in the visual
system. Phosphenes have also been created by electrical
stimulation of the brain, reported by neurologist Otfrid
Foersterasearlyas1929. Brindley and Lewin (1968)inserted a
matrix of stimulating electrodes directly into the visual cortex
of a 52-year-old blind man, using small pulses of
electricity to create phosphenes. These phosphenes were
points, spots, and bars of colorless or colored light. Brindley
and Rushton (1974) used the phosphenes to create a visual
prosthesis, in this case by using the phosphenes to
depict Braillespots.
Inrecent years, researchers have successfully developed
experimental brain computer inter facesor neuropros thesis
that stimulate phosphenes to restore vision to peopleblinded
through accidents. Notable success include the human
experiments by William.H.Dobelle and Mark Humayun and
animal by Dick Normann. A non- invasive technique that
uses electrodes on the scalp, transcranial magnetic
stimulation, has also been shown to produce phosphenes.
Experiments with humans have shown that when the visual
cortex is stimulated above the calcarine fissure, phosphenes
are produced in the lower part of the visual field, and
viceversa. Damaged photo receptors in the eye are one of the
major causes for blindness. The spatial mapping is plausibly
consistent between the reception at the retina and the initial
image processing centerV1ofthebrain. Failure of the damaged
photo receptors in the retina can be reinstated using Photo
diodes which are implanted with in this space. For every
1mm2 photoreception area of dedicated to fovea(central)
vision,correspondsa500 sq.mm processing area of the cortex.
The process of implantation is expedient and feasible as the
V1 region lies on the surface of the brain and is easily
accessible through a craniotomy.
II. PROSTHESISIMPLEMENTATION
A bionic eye consists of a camera that captures real time
videos and a micro chip implanted in the retin a.Certainly,
the implant hardware is the most important component in the
bionic eye, and the clinic alurgery is the most critical process
towards the success of these bionic eyes as shown in Fig.1.
However, current hardware technology limits the image
resolution of the implant device to be extremely
low.A100stimulation electrode array implant, which amounts
to approximately 12*9 pixel resolution, would be the most
reasonable and affordable device in the market for a number
of years. Therefore, it necessitates a visual processing unit to
provide useful information for microchip. The neuronal cell
bodies connecting the retina and the brain have dendrites
providing the input stimulation and axons as their outputs.
The stimulation caused by the potential field in the neuronal
cell bodies is mainly of the axons. An axon can be considered
as an insulating tube filled with conducting ions. Through the
membrane forming the tube are voltage-gated channels and
ion pumps. The ion pumps maintain a high concentration of
2. MOHIT KHATRI, SALIL VAIDYA, MANAS KARANJEKAR
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.04, IssueNo.36, September-2015, Pages: 7862--7864
potassium with in the axons, which causes a potential across
the axon’s membrane–the resting potential, whichisaround-
70mV.Ifthispotentialcan be madeless negative, voltage-gated
sodium channels will open, causing a huge increase
in(ionic)permeability for sodium which has a high
concentration outside the axon.
This causes the membrane potential to move positive,
creating an‘action potential’. This spike then propagates
along the axon to neighboring voltage-gated channels,
causing them to open. Thus, if we can alter them embrane
voltage at any part along the axon, we can get the channels to
open, and the axon to transmit a‘false’ message along itself to
neurons. This occurs if there is a sufficient transient
longitude in al field gradient imposed along the axon.
Typically 50μApulses of100μsduration will cause a visual
sensation. Normally a pulse of the opposite polarity is then
applied to discharge the charge around the electrode, which
can cause bio compatibility problems if too much charge
accumulates. Since we are penetrating the cortex, we can
getreasonably localized stimulation around ach electrode,
thus each electrode generally gives rise to a separate visual
sensation, or phosphene, which appears as agrey or colored
disk. We are placing our electrodes at aspacing of
approximately 1mm, for a variety of reasons including
reducing mechanical damage to the brain.
Fig.1.Internal Structure of a Bionic Eye.
III. FUNCTIONING OF PROSTHESIS
The working of the prosthetic unit is divided among three
units-
A. Camera and Image Processing Unit
High-resolution camera is installed on the glasses worn by
the deceased who provides continuous feed of images to a
Processor which employs signal processing techniques such
as transformative reality.
B. Wireless Power and Data Link
Multiple implant tiles consisting of inductive links with
tuned resonating transmitter and receiver coils is used to feed
data to the ASIC unit as shown in Fig.2. Resonance is used to
maximize power efficiency between transmitter and receiver.
The data fed by the processor is Amplitude modulated.
Fig.2. ASIC Unit.
C. Implant Tile
Amplitude demodulation takes place within the Implanttile.
The ASIC is connected to the electrodes via a multi-layer
distribution board which send electrical signals along the
optic nerves as shown in Fig.3. The ASIC contains sufficient
registers so that the pulse parameters for each electrode can
beset individually via the wireless link. A brown-out
detection circuit ensures that the link is reset if the registers
lose power and become corrupted. The electrodes then can be
commanded to produce a pulse.
Fig.3. Implant Tiles.
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have summarized the primary Bionic Eye
proto type. Multiple disciplines work in harmony and have
been successfuling enerating an approximate though not
accurateimagery which can help the visually impaired
avoiding obstacles at a very basic level. The bionic eye has
proven to be exemplary to the evolution of technology
deployed for a noble cause.
V. REFERENCES
[1]Technical paperon ‘Cortical Prosthesis’ by Arthur James
Lowery of Monash Vision Group.
3. Bionic Eye-A Vision of Hope
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.04, IssueNo.36, September-2015, Pages: 7862-7864
[2]Technical paperon‘ Psychophysics testing of bionic vision
image processing’by Horace Josh, Collette Mann, Lindsay
Kleemanand Wen Lik Dennis Luiof Monash Group.
[3]TheIEEEwebsite.[Online].Available: http://www.ieee.org/
[4]Bionic Eye website [Online] Available. http://
bionicvision.org.au/eye.
[5]To study about the Human brain -http://thebrain.
mcgill.ca.
[6] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp.