The document provides an update on the DynaPump project. The DynaPump is an artificial lift system that uses a hydraulic, long stroke pumping unit and computerized control systems. It provides benefits over traditional beam pumps and ESPs like lower energy costs, increased production, and reduced downtime. The OXY Wasson Clearfork team evaluated DynaPumps on their wells and confirmed energy savings of around 50% compared to beam pumps and 80% compared to ESPs for the same production rates.
This document discusses pump selection and applications. It begins by outlining the chapter, which covers introductory concepts in pump selection, parameters to consider, types of pumps including positive displacement and kinetic pumps, and performance data for centrifugal pumps. The affinity laws relating speed, impeller diameter, capacity, head, and power for centrifugal pumps are also described. The chapter provides examples of pump performance curves and works through an example problem applying the affinity laws.
This document discusses different types of pumps, including their classifications, characteristics, applications, and performance. It describes hydrodynamic/non-positive displacement pumps, which use flow to transfer fluid at relatively low pressure and are generally used for low pressure, high volume applications. It also describes hydrostatic/positive displacement pumps, which have close-fitting components and can create high pressures, making them self-priming. Specific positive displacement pump types like gear, vane, piston and centrifugal pumps are examined in terms of their applications and operating principles. Pump efficiencies including volumetric, mechanical and overall efficiency are also covered.
This document discusses pumps and pumping systems. It begins by stating that pumping systems account for nearly 20% of global electrical energy demand. It then provides an overview of the main components of a pumping system, which include pumps, prime movers, piping, valves and other fittings. The document discusses different types of pumps, separating them into positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. It focuses on describing centrifugal pumps in more detail, stating they are the most common pumps used for industrial water applications.
Pumps are used to move liquids through piping systems and raise their pressure by applying energy transformations. There are three main reasons for raising liquid pressure: overcoming static elevation changes, friction losses, and meeting process pressure requirements. Pumps are classified as either kinetic (centrifugal) or positive displacement depending on how energy is added to the liquid. Proper pump selection depends on factors like flow rate and viscosity. Cavitation can occur if the net positive suction head (NPSH) available falls below what is required by the pump.
The document discusses pumps and pumping systems for industrial energy efficiency. It covers types of pumps like centrifugal and positive displacement, assessing pump performance, and opportunities for improving energy efficiency such as selecting the properly sized pump, controlling flow via variable speed drives, using parallel pumps, eliminating throttling valves and bypass lines, implementing start/stop controls, and trimming impeller sizes.
This document provides an overview of pumping systems and opportunities for improving their energy efficiency. It discusses the types of pumps commonly used, including centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. The document explains how to assess pump performance by calculating hydraulic power, shaft power, and efficiency. It also outlines several methods for improving energy efficiency, such as selecting the properly sized pump, controlling flow rates through variable speed drives, using parallel pumps to meet varying demand, and eliminating inefficient flow control valves and bypass lines. The overall aim is to educate about pumping systems and identify opportunities to reduce the significant energy demands of pump operations.
This document discusses pump and pumping systems. It describes different types of pumps including positive displacement pumps like reciprocating and rotary pumps, and dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. It also discusses components of solar pumping systems and assessing pump performance through calculations of pump shaft power and hydraulic power. The document concludes with several energy efficiency opportunities for pumps like maintenance, monitoring, controls, installing more efficient pumps, proper sizing, adjustable speed drives, and improved sealing.
Energy management in water pumping systems is important to improve efficiency. Pumps are often oversized, leading to throttling that reduces efficiency. Key factors that impact pump selection and efficiency include flow rate, head, specific speed, affinity laws, and operating point. Strategies like variable speed drives, trimming impellers, and replacing old pumps can help optimize systems and minimize energy waste. Proper pump sizing, installation, operation and maintenance are essential for energy efficiency.
This document discusses pump selection and applications. It begins by outlining the chapter, which covers introductory concepts in pump selection, parameters to consider, types of pumps including positive displacement and kinetic pumps, and performance data for centrifugal pumps. The affinity laws relating speed, impeller diameter, capacity, head, and power for centrifugal pumps are also described. The chapter provides examples of pump performance curves and works through an example problem applying the affinity laws.
This document discusses different types of pumps, including their classifications, characteristics, applications, and performance. It describes hydrodynamic/non-positive displacement pumps, which use flow to transfer fluid at relatively low pressure and are generally used for low pressure, high volume applications. It also describes hydrostatic/positive displacement pumps, which have close-fitting components and can create high pressures, making them self-priming. Specific positive displacement pump types like gear, vane, piston and centrifugal pumps are examined in terms of their applications and operating principles. Pump efficiencies including volumetric, mechanical and overall efficiency are also covered.
This document discusses pumps and pumping systems. It begins by stating that pumping systems account for nearly 20% of global electrical energy demand. It then provides an overview of the main components of a pumping system, which include pumps, prime movers, piping, valves and other fittings. The document discusses different types of pumps, separating them into positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. It focuses on describing centrifugal pumps in more detail, stating they are the most common pumps used for industrial water applications.
Pumps are used to move liquids through piping systems and raise their pressure by applying energy transformations. There are three main reasons for raising liquid pressure: overcoming static elevation changes, friction losses, and meeting process pressure requirements. Pumps are classified as either kinetic (centrifugal) or positive displacement depending on how energy is added to the liquid. Proper pump selection depends on factors like flow rate and viscosity. Cavitation can occur if the net positive suction head (NPSH) available falls below what is required by the pump.
The document discusses pumps and pumping systems for industrial energy efficiency. It covers types of pumps like centrifugal and positive displacement, assessing pump performance, and opportunities for improving energy efficiency such as selecting the properly sized pump, controlling flow via variable speed drives, using parallel pumps, eliminating throttling valves and bypass lines, implementing start/stop controls, and trimming impeller sizes.
This document provides an overview of pumping systems and opportunities for improving their energy efficiency. It discusses the types of pumps commonly used, including centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. The document explains how to assess pump performance by calculating hydraulic power, shaft power, and efficiency. It also outlines several methods for improving energy efficiency, such as selecting the properly sized pump, controlling flow rates through variable speed drives, using parallel pumps to meet varying demand, and eliminating inefficient flow control valves and bypass lines. The overall aim is to educate about pumping systems and identify opportunities to reduce the significant energy demands of pump operations.
This document discusses pump and pumping systems. It describes different types of pumps including positive displacement pumps like reciprocating and rotary pumps, and dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. It also discusses components of solar pumping systems and assessing pump performance through calculations of pump shaft power and hydraulic power. The document concludes with several energy efficiency opportunities for pumps like maintenance, monitoring, controls, installing more efficient pumps, proper sizing, adjustable speed drives, and improved sealing.
Energy management in water pumping systems is important to improve efficiency. Pumps are often oversized, leading to throttling that reduces efficiency. Key factors that impact pump selection and efficiency include flow rate, head, specific speed, affinity laws, and operating point. Strategies like variable speed drives, trimming impellers, and replacing old pumps can help optimize systems and minimize energy waste. Proper pump sizing, installation, operation and maintenance are essential for energy efficiency.
The document discusses artificial lift, which refers to methods used to raise oil and gas from wells when the natural reservoir pressure has declined. It describes several types of artificial lift systems including beam pumping (also called sucker rod pumping), electric submersible pumps, gas lift, and plunger lift. Beam pumping is the most common type and involves using the up and down motion of a pump jack at the surface to actuate a downhole pump via sucker rods. Over 1 million oil wells worldwide use some type of artificial lift, with more than 750,000 relying on beam/sucker rod pumping. The document provides details on how beam pumping systems work and factors to consider when selecting artificial lift methods.
The document discusses the selection and application of pumps. It begins by defining different types of pumps, including piston pumps, plunger pumps, diaphragm pumps, and centrifugal pumps. It then discusses key considerations for pump selection like fluid characteristics, pressure requirements, and space availability. The document also covers pump performance concepts like net positive suction head (NPSH), total dynamic head, brake horsepower calculations, and affinity laws relating pump parameters like flow, head, and rpm. Overall, the document provides an overview of different pump types and the important technical factors to examine when choosing a pump for a given application.
The document discusses pumps and pumping systems. It begins by stating that pumps are the second most common industrial machine and are critical for plant operations. It then describes the typical components of a pumping system and different types of pumps. The document emphasizes that systems should be properly sized for efficiency and lists signs of an oversized system. It provides options for controlling flow without wasting energy, such as adjusting valves, impeller trimming, variable speed drives, and multiple pumps. Finally, it stresses the importance of considering total system efficiency and layout rather than just individual components.
Pumps are used widely and account for a significant portion of global electricity usage. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and dynamic pumps such as centrifugal pumps which use a rotating impeller to increase fluid pressure or velocity. Centrifugal pumps make up the majority of pumps installed and work by using an impeller to impart kinetic energy to fluid and a volute casing to convert this to pressure. Key components include the impeller, shaft, and casing which houses and supports the rotating components. Understanding pump types and operations is important for assessing their energy efficiency opportunities.
The document provides an introduction to pump analysis. It discusses that the purpose of a pump is to increase the mechanical energy in a fluid by transporting it from a lower elevation to a higher elevation. It then covers key pumping concepts like capacity, head, efficiency, and power input. Specific types of pumps are defined, including centrifugal pumps which are most commonly used for wastewater applications. Methods for analyzing pump performance including head-capacity curves and affinity laws are also introduced.
The document provides details on a 4x60 MW underground run-of-river hydroelectric power station, including its commissioning year of 1975, design head of 110 m, turbine type of Francis, generator output of 63 MVA, annual generation from 2006-2007 to 2010-2011 ranging from 587.89 to 837.68 MU, and plant availability over the same period ranging from 71.92 to 84.18%.
The document discusses the hydraulic ram, a self-acting water pump powered by hydropower that uses flowing water as its power source. It consists of a supply pipe, drive tank, drive pipe, ram pump, and delivery pipe. Water enters the drive pipe and forces the waste valve open, pressurizing the tank and closing the waste valve. This forces water through the delivery valve and pipe, lifting it to a higher elevation. While requiring little maintenance and using renewable energy, hydraulic rams have limitations in hilly areas and low volumetric efficiency.
This document provides an overview of fluid power systems. It defines fluid power as any system that converts, transmits, or controls power through pressurized liquids or gases. The key components of fluid power systems include a prime mover, pump or compressor, transmission lines, and actuators. Fluid power systems are generally classified as hydraulic (using liquid) or pneumatic (using gas). The document then discusses the basic layout, functions, components and operation of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
IRJET- Experimental Setup of Centrifugal PumpIRJET Journal
1. The document describes an experimental setup used to test the performance of a centrifugal pump with a variable drive system.
2. Tests were conducted to generate characteristic curves showing the relationships between head vs discharge, efficiency vs discharge, and input power vs discharge under different pump speeds controlled by a dimmer-stat.
3. The results showed significant changes in the pump's performance when the dimmer-stat was used to vary the speed, as pump characteristics like head and efficiency depend on operating conditions like flow rate and speed.
The document discusses considerations for selecting a pumping system, including fluid characteristics, system requirements, pump types, drive selection, and standby requirements. Key factors in pump selection are fluid type, system head curve, potential modifications, operational mode, required margins, and space/layout constraints. Reciprocating pumps are used for small liquid chemical metering while centrifugal pumps are common for a wide range of head and capacity needs. Net positive suction head (NPSH) must also be considered to ensure proper pump operation and avoid cavitation.
The document discusses the key parameters for selecting a centrifugal pump, including:
1) Capacity and head, which are the primary factors that determine the pump's performance.
2) Efficiency, which impacts the amount of power required to run the pump.
3) Net positive suction head, which must provide enough energy to prevent cavitation within the pump.
4) Total dynamic head required by the system, which accounts for static lift, static discharge, friction losses, and other factors.
Theory and Application of Hydraulic Ram Pumps (Hydrams) - S HazarikaFifi62z
The document discusses hydraulic ram pumps (hydrams), which use the potential energy of falling water to lift a small portion of water to a greater height. Hydrams are simple, reliable, and require minimal maintenance, making them suitable for rural water supply and irrigation where other power sources are not available. The document describes the components and design of hydram systems, including intake, drive pipe, ram, supply line, and storage tank. It provides equations and tables to design hydram systems based on water supply, fall height, lift height, and desired water delivery. The document also discusses applications and limitations of hydrams.
The document discusses pumps, motors, and hydraulic cylinders. It begins by introducing hydraulic pumps and describing the two main types: rotodynamic pumps (like centrifugal pumps) and reciprocating pumps. It then compares centrifugal and positive displacement (reciprocating) pumps, noting key differences in how they handle flow rate, pressure, viscosity, efficiency, and net positive suction head (NPSH). The document dives deeper into technical terms related to pumps like static pressure, pressure head, specific weight, and flow rate. It provides diagrams of components like centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps. In summary, the document provides an overview of hydraulic pump types and technical concepts as well as comparisons between centrifugal and reciprocating pump
A pump is a mechanical device that uses mechanical action to move fluids from one place to another. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and hydrodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing it to the discharge side, including types like reciprocating pumps (piston pumps, plunger pumps, diaphragm pumps), rotary pumps (gear pumps, screw pumps, lobe pumps, vane pumps). Reciprocating positive displacement pumps include piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, and plunger pumps. Piston pumps can be further divided into types like axial piston pumps and radial piston pumps.
This document summarizes a student project report on a hydraulic ram pump. It includes sections on the acknowledgements, introduction, working principle, applications and limitations, design considerations, and conclusions. The project was guided by lecturers from the mechanical engineering department and aimed to study how hydraulic ram pumps can be used to pump water from streams or springs to higher elevations in a simple and reliable way using renewable energy. The summary highlights the key components and working cycle of ram pumps in lifting a small amount of water a great height using the energy of a larger falling water flow.
Three key points about reciprocating pumps from the document are:
1) Reciprocating pumps use pistons or plungers that oscillate back and forth to move water from lower to higher points, converting mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. They are commonly used for applications requiring variable flow rates or high pressures.
2) The main types are piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Piston pumps are often used to transmit fluids under pressure, while plunger pumps are efficient and can develop very high pressures. Diaphragm pumps can handle viscous or toxic liquids.
3) Reciprocating pumps can be single acting, where water is moved in one direction, or double
This document discusses the selection of vertical barrel (VS6) pumps for low NPSH applications. It provides examples of two typical pumping system types where VS6 pumps are used: 1) a booster pump (VS6) plus main pump (horizontal) combination for high flow or head, and 2) a single VS6 pump for moderate flow and head where NPSHA is too low for a horizontal pump. The document also describes two case histories where improper VS6 pump selection in the FEED stage led to operational issues. It emphasizes the importance of rotating equipment selection being carefully reviewed early in projects by rotating equipment experts.
1. The document discusses different types of hydrostatic transmissions, including open-circuit, closed-circuit, and reversible systems.
2. Key components of hydrostatic transmissions are described, including the charge pump, relief valves, motors, and pumps. The selection process for pumps and motors is also outlined.
3. Various pressure control valves used in hydrostatic systems are explained, such as relief valves, counterbalance valves, sequence valves, and pressure reducing valves. Shuttle valves are also introduced.
The document discusses centrifugal pumps. It describes how centrifugal pumps work by converting mechanical energy to hydraulic energy using centrifugal force. They work on the principle of forced vortex flow. Key components include an impeller that rotates and accelerates the fluid outward, and a casing that captures the fluid and converts its kinetic energy to pressure. Centrifugal pumps are used to pump liquids like water, sewage, petroleum and more. Performance curves are used to predict pump behavior under different operating conditions.
The document summarizes SSi Artificial Lift Systems, which manufactures surface-mounted artificial lift systems to optimize oil and gas well production. It discusses the management team's extensive industry experience, the manufacturing facility, robust supply chain, and features of the pumping and power units. The pumping units provide lift capacities from 15,000 to 80,000 lbs and strokes from 168” to 372”, while the power units range from 15 to 200 hp. Key features that increase well efficiency and production include long strokes, high load capacities, variable up/down speeds, and integrated pump-off control.
This document discusses pumps and pumping systems. It provides definitions and classifications of different types of pumps, including centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. It discusses factors to consider when selecting between centrifugal and positive displacement pumps such as flow rate, pressure, viscosity, and efficiency. The document also outlines 14 opportunities to improve energy efficiency in pumping systems, such as proper maintenance, monitoring, controls, demand reduction, pump sizing, variable speed drives, avoiding throttling valves, pipe sizing, seals, and precision components.
The document discusses artificial lift, which refers to methods used to raise oil and gas from wells when the natural reservoir pressure has declined. It describes several types of artificial lift systems including beam pumping (also called sucker rod pumping), electric submersible pumps, gas lift, and plunger lift. Beam pumping is the most common type and involves using the up and down motion of a pump jack at the surface to actuate a downhole pump via sucker rods. Over 1 million oil wells worldwide use some type of artificial lift, with more than 750,000 relying on beam/sucker rod pumping. The document provides details on how beam pumping systems work and factors to consider when selecting artificial lift methods.
The document discusses the selection and application of pumps. It begins by defining different types of pumps, including piston pumps, plunger pumps, diaphragm pumps, and centrifugal pumps. It then discusses key considerations for pump selection like fluid characteristics, pressure requirements, and space availability. The document also covers pump performance concepts like net positive suction head (NPSH), total dynamic head, brake horsepower calculations, and affinity laws relating pump parameters like flow, head, and rpm. Overall, the document provides an overview of different pump types and the important technical factors to examine when choosing a pump for a given application.
The document discusses pumps and pumping systems. It begins by stating that pumps are the second most common industrial machine and are critical for plant operations. It then describes the typical components of a pumping system and different types of pumps. The document emphasizes that systems should be properly sized for efficiency and lists signs of an oversized system. It provides options for controlling flow without wasting energy, such as adjusting valves, impeller trimming, variable speed drives, and multiple pumps. Finally, it stresses the importance of considering total system efficiency and layout rather than just individual components.
Pumps are used widely and account for a significant portion of global electricity usage. There are two main types of pumps - positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and dynamic pumps such as centrifugal pumps which use a rotating impeller to increase fluid pressure or velocity. Centrifugal pumps make up the majority of pumps installed and work by using an impeller to impart kinetic energy to fluid and a volute casing to convert this to pressure. Key components include the impeller, shaft, and casing which houses and supports the rotating components. Understanding pump types and operations is important for assessing their energy efficiency opportunities.
The document provides an introduction to pump analysis. It discusses that the purpose of a pump is to increase the mechanical energy in a fluid by transporting it from a lower elevation to a higher elevation. It then covers key pumping concepts like capacity, head, efficiency, and power input. Specific types of pumps are defined, including centrifugal pumps which are most commonly used for wastewater applications. Methods for analyzing pump performance including head-capacity curves and affinity laws are also introduced.
The document provides details on a 4x60 MW underground run-of-river hydroelectric power station, including its commissioning year of 1975, design head of 110 m, turbine type of Francis, generator output of 63 MVA, annual generation from 2006-2007 to 2010-2011 ranging from 587.89 to 837.68 MU, and plant availability over the same period ranging from 71.92 to 84.18%.
The document discusses the hydraulic ram, a self-acting water pump powered by hydropower that uses flowing water as its power source. It consists of a supply pipe, drive tank, drive pipe, ram pump, and delivery pipe. Water enters the drive pipe and forces the waste valve open, pressurizing the tank and closing the waste valve. This forces water through the delivery valve and pipe, lifting it to a higher elevation. While requiring little maintenance and using renewable energy, hydraulic rams have limitations in hilly areas and low volumetric efficiency.
This document provides an overview of fluid power systems. It defines fluid power as any system that converts, transmits, or controls power through pressurized liquids or gases. The key components of fluid power systems include a prime mover, pump or compressor, transmission lines, and actuators. Fluid power systems are generally classified as hydraulic (using liquid) or pneumatic (using gas). The document then discusses the basic layout, functions, components and operation of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
IRJET- Experimental Setup of Centrifugal PumpIRJET Journal
1. The document describes an experimental setup used to test the performance of a centrifugal pump with a variable drive system.
2. Tests were conducted to generate characteristic curves showing the relationships between head vs discharge, efficiency vs discharge, and input power vs discharge under different pump speeds controlled by a dimmer-stat.
3. The results showed significant changes in the pump's performance when the dimmer-stat was used to vary the speed, as pump characteristics like head and efficiency depend on operating conditions like flow rate and speed.
The document discusses considerations for selecting a pumping system, including fluid characteristics, system requirements, pump types, drive selection, and standby requirements. Key factors in pump selection are fluid type, system head curve, potential modifications, operational mode, required margins, and space/layout constraints. Reciprocating pumps are used for small liquid chemical metering while centrifugal pumps are common for a wide range of head and capacity needs. Net positive suction head (NPSH) must also be considered to ensure proper pump operation and avoid cavitation.
The document discusses the key parameters for selecting a centrifugal pump, including:
1) Capacity and head, which are the primary factors that determine the pump's performance.
2) Efficiency, which impacts the amount of power required to run the pump.
3) Net positive suction head, which must provide enough energy to prevent cavitation within the pump.
4) Total dynamic head required by the system, which accounts for static lift, static discharge, friction losses, and other factors.
Theory and Application of Hydraulic Ram Pumps (Hydrams) - S HazarikaFifi62z
The document discusses hydraulic ram pumps (hydrams), which use the potential energy of falling water to lift a small portion of water to a greater height. Hydrams are simple, reliable, and require minimal maintenance, making them suitable for rural water supply and irrigation where other power sources are not available. The document describes the components and design of hydram systems, including intake, drive pipe, ram, supply line, and storage tank. It provides equations and tables to design hydram systems based on water supply, fall height, lift height, and desired water delivery. The document also discusses applications and limitations of hydrams.
The document discusses pumps, motors, and hydraulic cylinders. It begins by introducing hydraulic pumps and describing the two main types: rotodynamic pumps (like centrifugal pumps) and reciprocating pumps. It then compares centrifugal and positive displacement (reciprocating) pumps, noting key differences in how they handle flow rate, pressure, viscosity, efficiency, and net positive suction head (NPSH). The document dives deeper into technical terms related to pumps like static pressure, pressure head, specific weight, and flow rate. It provides diagrams of components like centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps. In summary, the document provides an overview of hydraulic pump types and technical concepts as well as comparisons between centrifugal and reciprocating pump
A pump is a mechanical device that uses mechanical action to move fluids from one place to another. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and hydrodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing it to the discharge side, including types like reciprocating pumps (piston pumps, plunger pumps, diaphragm pumps), rotary pumps (gear pumps, screw pumps, lobe pumps, vane pumps). Reciprocating positive displacement pumps include piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, and plunger pumps. Piston pumps can be further divided into types like axial piston pumps and radial piston pumps.
This document summarizes a student project report on a hydraulic ram pump. It includes sections on the acknowledgements, introduction, working principle, applications and limitations, design considerations, and conclusions. The project was guided by lecturers from the mechanical engineering department and aimed to study how hydraulic ram pumps can be used to pump water from streams or springs to higher elevations in a simple and reliable way using renewable energy. The summary highlights the key components and working cycle of ram pumps in lifting a small amount of water a great height using the energy of a larger falling water flow.
Three key points about reciprocating pumps from the document are:
1) Reciprocating pumps use pistons or plungers that oscillate back and forth to move water from lower to higher points, converting mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. They are commonly used for applications requiring variable flow rates or high pressures.
2) The main types are piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Piston pumps are often used to transmit fluids under pressure, while plunger pumps are efficient and can develop very high pressures. Diaphragm pumps can handle viscous or toxic liquids.
3) Reciprocating pumps can be single acting, where water is moved in one direction, or double
This document discusses the selection of vertical barrel (VS6) pumps for low NPSH applications. It provides examples of two typical pumping system types where VS6 pumps are used: 1) a booster pump (VS6) plus main pump (horizontal) combination for high flow or head, and 2) a single VS6 pump for moderate flow and head where NPSHA is too low for a horizontal pump. The document also describes two case histories where improper VS6 pump selection in the FEED stage led to operational issues. It emphasizes the importance of rotating equipment selection being carefully reviewed early in projects by rotating equipment experts.
1. The document discusses different types of hydrostatic transmissions, including open-circuit, closed-circuit, and reversible systems.
2. Key components of hydrostatic transmissions are described, including the charge pump, relief valves, motors, and pumps. The selection process for pumps and motors is also outlined.
3. Various pressure control valves used in hydrostatic systems are explained, such as relief valves, counterbalance valves, sequence valves, and pressure reducing valves. Shuttle valves are also introduced.
The document discusses centrifugal pumps. It describes how centrifugal pumps work by converting mechanical energy to hydraulic energy using centrifugal force. They work on the principle of forced vortex flow. Key components include an impeller that rotates and accelerates the fluid outward, and a casing that captures the fluid and converts its kinetic energy to pressure. Centrifugal pumps are used to pump liquids like water, sewage, petroleum and more. Performance curves are used to predict pump behavior under different operating conditions.
The document summarizes SSi Artificial Lift Systems, which manufactures surface-mounted artificial lift systems to optimize oil and gas well production. It discusses the management team's extensive industry experience, the manufacturing facility, robust supply chain, and features of the pumping and power units. The pumping units provide lift capacities from 15,000 to 80,000 lbs and strokes from 168” to 372”, while the power units range from 15 to 200 hp. Key features that increase well efficiency and production include long strokes, high load capacities, variable up/down speeds, and integrated pump-off control.
This document discusses pumps and pumping systems. It provides definitions and classifications of different types of pumps, including centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. It discusses factors to consider when selecting between centrifugal and positive displacement pumps such as flow rate, pressure, viscosity, and efficiency. The document also outlines 14 opportunities to improve energy efficiency in pumping systems, such as proper maintenance, monitoring, controls, demand reduction, pump sizing, variable speed drives, avoiding throttling valves, pipe sizing, seals, and precision components.
This document provides information to help select the correct pump for a job, including:
1) It outlines the types of pumps commonly used, such as centrifugal, self-priming, diaphragm, and positive displacement pumps.
2) It explains how to read pump performance curves, which show a pump's flow rate and pressure capabilities under different conditions.
3) It provides an example of calculating a pump application, where a contractor needs to pump 200 GPM of water over an embankment that is 10 feet high and 80 feet away, with a 5 foot suction lift.
4) Tables and information on friction loss, pump selection, and other useful references are included to simplify
The document summarizes a jet pump, including its history, construction, working principle, types, uses, advantages, and disadvantages. Some key points:
- Jet pumps use pressure to create suction and transport fluids without moving parts. They were first developed in 1931 but not commercialized until 1955.
- They have a nozzle that increases fluid velocity, creating suction to draw in more fluid and discharge it at higher pressure. Efficiency is typically 30-40%.
- Types include deep well, shallow well, and convertible jets. They are used for applications like oil wells and aquariums.
- Advantages include no wear, adjustability, and suitability for remote operations. Disadvantages include lower efficiency
Using a Hydraulic Ram to Pump Livestock Water - British Columbia
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document discusses types of pumps and opportunities for improving pump system efficiency to save energy. It describes positive displacement pumps, rotary pumps, and centrifugal pumps. It also discusses static head, friction head, and ways to reduce pressure drops and friction losses in piping systems, such as increasing pipe diameter, minimizing pipe length and bends, and reducing surface roughness. The document outlines additional energy saving opportunities for installed pump systems through proper valve control, variable speed drives, preventative maintenance, using multiple pumps efficiently, and eliminating unnecessary use. It emphasizes targeting end-use water consumption reductions.
The document provides information on pump types, components, operation, and installation. It defines a pump as a mechanical device that transfers fluid from one point to another. Two main categories of pumps are described: positive displacement pumps that have a fixed volume and centrifugal pumps with a variable flow/pressure relationship. The document outlines the components and operation of common pump types like reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal pumps. It also discusses selecting a pump based on system requirements, installing the pump properly, and connecting piping and valves.
Energy Savings in Industrial WaterPumping SystemsMECandPMV
The aim of this presentation is to present ways in which to reduce the cost of water pumping in the industry.
A variety of water pumping systems and the problems associated with them will be presented.
It is also describes opportunities in which to save energy.
1) The document presents information about a pistonless pump designed by NASA as an alternative to traditional turbopumps for rocket fuel systems.
2) A pistonless pump uses alternating pressurized chambers and valves rather than moving parts to pump fluid, resulting in a simpler, lighter, and more reliable design compared to turbopumps.
3) Testing shows the pistonless pump can reduce rocket fuel system mass by up to 90% compared to pressure-fed systems, allowing rockets to carry less weight and travel at higher speeds.
1. The document discusses artificial lift methods used in oil extraction, focusing on electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). ESPs are widely used as they can access deviated wells and operate in high temperature, high pressure conditions.
2. ESPs consist of an electric motor and pump housed in a single unit that is submerged in the well. The document outlines the components and operation of ESPs.
3. Designing an ESP system involves selecting the proper pump type and components based on well data, fluid properties, production rates, and power availability to optimize efficiency and performance. Proper sizing of the pump, motor, cables, and other equipment is important.
Multiphase Advanced Pumping System for Artificial Lift MAPS-ALYuriFairuzov
Conventional artificial lift devices, such as a downhole pump or a plunger, are designed to be placed in a vertical oil or gas well. Placing the downhole pump in a deviated section of a horizontal well to reduce the back pressure on the reservoir or the amount of free gas that enters the pump results in high operating costs due to pump failures. In wells with plunger lift systems, the deviation can affect adversely plunger performance and c│reate problems with plunger recovery. Increase estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) and reduce the operating costs using the MAPS-AL multiphase advanced pumping system for artificial lift, a unique technology solution for horizontal wells.
Using Downhole Jet pump with DST ApplicationsTaha Metwally
In this Article we can use downhole jet pumps during drill stem testing (DST) for production. Downhole jet pump used in reverse flow circulation. the best way for solids and abrasives handling. More economic way in testing phase either long term production and field profitability.
The document discusses hydraulic jet pumps, their applications, and designs. It describes how jet pumps work by converting high pressure fluid to a low pressure, high velocity jet to draw in fluid from the wellbore. It then discusses using jet pumps in drill stem testing applications, noting their advantages like lower costs, standard hookups, and the ability to be run in and retrieved by wireline. It also describes how the sliding sleeve jet pump can be used to "kick off" a well if testing indicates it would flow.
This document provides an overview of various hydraulic machines, including accumulators, intensifiers, presses, cranes, lifts, rams, couplings, torque converters, air lift pumps, and jet pumps. It describes the basic construction and working principles of each machine. For examples like accumulators, presses, cranes, and lifts, it provides illustrations and explanations of how they work to lift or move heavy loads using fluid power. The document aims to introduce these common hydraulic devices and their functions.
Artificial lift systems are used to increase production from oil wells that can no longer produce on their own. The main types discussed are rod pumping, progressing cavity pumping, electric submersible pumping, gas lifting, and plunger lift. Key factors in selecting a system include the well's production rate, depth, fluid properties, and economic considerations such as capital and operating costs. Performance is evaluated using productivity index curves, decline curves, and analyzing the impact of gas injection on flowing bottomhole pressure.
Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by drawing in hydraulic fluid and pressurizing it. The two main types are dynamic pumps and positive displacement pumps. Positive displacement pumps are universally used in hydraulic systems as they can generate high pressures and are well-suited to overcoming system resistances. Common positive displacement pump designs include gear pumps and piston pumps.
This seminar report summarizes a presentation on a pistonless pump developed by NASA as an alternative to turbo pumps for rocket fuel. Pistonless pumps have no moving parts besides chamber valves, providing increased flexibility and reliability compared to turbo pumps. Turbo pumps are heavy, complex, inefficient, and failure-prone. In contrast, pistonless pumps have fewer parts, higher efficiency, are simpler to design and manufacture, and have built-in redundancy. The report describes the working of the dual pistonless pump, which alternately pressurizes and refills two chambers to provide steady fuel flow and pressure. Data is presented showing its potential to significantly reduce the cost and improve reliability of rocket fuel pumps.
The document describes a pistonless pump designed by NASA to pump rocket fuel. Some key points:
- The pump has fewer rotating parts than piston or turbo pumps, resulting in less friction and higher efficiency.
- It is lighter weight and easier to install in a rocket than turbo pumps.
- NASA testing found the pistonless pump works conveniently and is 80-90% more economical than other pump types.
Similar to Dyna pump spe paper saul tovar oxy permain (20)
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
1. DYNAPUMP PROJECT UPDATE
Saul Tovar
OXY Permian
ABSTRACT
The DynaPump is a means of artificial lift that has been gaining recognition in West Texas and Eastern New Mexico over the past
two years. The DynaPump is a hydraulic, ultra long stroke pumping unit that has heavy lift capabilities. The use of solid-state
electronics and computerization lower energy costs while giving new flexibility to the artificial lift process. The pumping cycle is
optimized through consistent feedback of surface and down-hole conditions. The DynaPump's capability to independently adjust the
speed of the up and down strokes and change stroke lengths during changing operating conditions result in well optimization while
reducing surface and down hole maintenance. The DynaPump design and pumping concept results in an overall reduction in artificial
lift costs.
INTRODUCTION
Over the past several decades the choice of artificial lift alternatives in the Permian Basin has been reduced to using a convention
beam pump for production of less than 500-600 BBD and an ESP for those wells capable of producing more than 500-600 BBD.
There are other alternatives available and some have been tried with limited success, but until recently the beam pump and the ESP
were the primary choices based on economics. The decision on which type or brand of surface equipment to use for a particular well
was then based primarily on the acquisition cost and the projected recurring maintenance cost with little consideration to other factors
that new technology could bring to the table. The introduction of the DynaPump in the Permian Basin in 2001 has caused the OXY
Wasson Clearfork Team to rethink its artificial lift acquisition criteria to include not only the cost of the surface and well equipment,
but also to consider other cost and revenue factors over the projected three year life of a well in order to determine the most
economical choice. This is because the DynaPump has been designed to increase the overall efficiency of a well and not just lower
the cost of the pump or slightly increase the efficiency of the machine. By doing so it has created a number benefits which therefore
must be measured in total to have a fair comparison to other alternatives. DynaPump has developed a calculator that can be used to
evaluate artificial lift alternatives by comparing various cash flow factors for each alternative. The model will soon be available on
their website, www.dynapumpinc.com. The Wasson Clearfork Team this year has focused on measuring the DynaPump energy
saving and increased production benefits and will report on some examples in this paper.
THE DYNAPUMP – A BRIEF DESCRIPTION
The DynaPump is comprised of two basic components: the Pumping Unit and the Power Unit as shown in Figure 1. The Pumping
Unit is a long stroke, hydraulically actuated pump that connects to the polished rod. The Power Unit is the control center that
provides the ability to convert electrical energy to hydraulic power and to computer control pump stroke as needed to provide
optimum pumping efficiency. The Pumping System incorporates an integrated real time pump off controller and has the capability
for real time monitoring of well and/or pump performance and status. The Pumping Unit stands over the wellhead and attaches to the
polished rod by means of a carrier bar. The Pumping unit comes in various sizes, depending on the maximum load likely to be
encountered. The Model 11 Pumping Unit is designed for a maximum lifting load of 60,000 pounds. The Pumping Unit is
comprised of a patented triple chamber hydraulic cylinder, a heavy duty structural base, two large cylinders containing nitrogen gas
under pressure, and a pulley/cable lift mechanism which doubles sucker rod stroke relative to cylinder travel. The maximum polish
rod stroke of the Model 11 is 336 inches.
Nitrogen gas is connected to one of the cylinder up chambers and serves as a counterbalance, basically to offset the rod weight and a
portion of the fluid load. The counterbalance can be adjusted at the well simply by adjusting the pressure of the gas in the storage
cylinders. The direction and speed of the pump is then controlled by sending hydraulic fluid under pressure to either the up or the
down chambers of the cylinder. Since the pump is computer controlled, the speed and stroke limits can be independently established,
thereby allowing for fast up strokes and slower down strokes. This feature greatly increases pumping efficiency for deep wells. The
pump utilizes many feedback mechanisms to provide optimum stroke control and full monitoring of well and pump conditions.
Feedback sensors on the pump include a position sensor to measure stroke position and a proximity switch to detect a possible cable
break.
2. The Power Unit provides the driving force and control for the Pumping Unit. It is comprised of two major components: a Hydraulic
Pump System, and a Control & Communications Center. The Hydraulic Pump System includes main hydraulic pumps and power
drives which can be either electric motors or a natural gas engine. The system includes a sealed hydraulic reservoir and various
valves and sensors that allow the patented triple chamber cylinder to function correctly. The Hydraulic Pump System is connected to
the Pumping Unit by means of two primary high-pressure hoses and four secondary control/feedback hoses. The Control &
Communications Center consists of solid-state electronics and motor controllers, which are designed for maintenance free operation.
The electronics include computer controls that allow for the pump to be controlled by feedback for precise operation of stroke speed
and position. The computer is also designed to communicate externally by means of a modem, a radio transmitter, or by using a
direct telephone line. This allows the pump to be remotely monitored and controlled.
The DynaPump Pumping System has been designed to increase the overall efficiency of a well by incorporating several beneficial
features:
• Long Stroke – Having a long stroke reduces rod stretch as a % of stroke length. For deep wells, the rod stretch can be a
significant percentage of the overall stroke of a rod pump system, which thereby reduces the effective stroke of the down-
hole pump. In general the longer the stroke of the down hole pump, the larger the fluid flow from the well. The benefits of
a slower, longer stroke operation are generally known. For a given pump size and fluid production rate, the slower number
of strokes per minute means fewer rod direction reversals which reduces the rate of fatigue in the rod string, thus increasing
rod life. The DynaPump Model 13 has a maximum stroke length of 360 inches as compared to the longest beam stroke
limit of 240 inches.
• High Polish Rod Load Capability - The well depth and down hole pump size determine the rod string design and ultimately
the rod load. Larger down hole pumps increase the efficiency of a well by reducing the pressure drop of fluid as it enters the
pump. This means that the differential driving pressure stays large and more fluid moves into the pump. For a given
formation, the flow into the pump will be greater the larger the pump, and so will the rod load. The DynaPump, by having
larger capacities and lower accelerations, can take advantage of this characteristic, thereby allowing the maximum flow to
be achieved for a given well. The maximum lifting load of the DynaPump Model 13 is 80,000 pounds, which is well
beyond the 47,000 pound maximum load of the largest beam pump.
• Variable Speed Up/Down – The DynaPump system allows variable speed control and allows independent up versus down
speed control. Acceleration and deceleration transitions are also independently controlled during rod reversal, which
significantly reduces rod stresses.
Upstrokes move the oil from the pump to the surface. The shorter the amount of time spent on the upstroke, the less fluid
leakage due to slippage past the traveling valve. For any given bottom-hole pump, a faster upstroke will therefore reduce
leakage, which increases the amount of fluid pumped.
A slower speed on the down stroke assures that the bottom-hole pump has adequate time to fill. This relates to more fluid in
the pump barrel, which means more fluid pumped to the surface. A slower down stroke also reduces the compressive load
on the rod which will lead to fewer rod and tubing failures.
A system that has the capability of variable speed will then predictably have a higher volumetric efficiency if all other things
are equal.
• Integrated Pump Off Control – Maximum formation flow is achieved when the fluid pumped from the casing is equal to
the fluid coming into the casing from the reservoir. Ideally, the artificial lift system will vary its speed so that it continues to
pump at the rate that fluid comes in from the reservoir. The DynaPump system is designed to do just that by measuring the
“Up” load and slowing the down speed when a pump off condition is detected. This eliminates the inefficiencies and
harmful effects of continuing to pump in a “pump off” condition. It also eliminates the need to shut the pump off which
results in lost production and inefficiencies due to start up once the pump is turned back on.
• High Efficiency Electrical System Components – The factors noted above coupled with a counterweight design that
incorporates virtually no inertia allow the DynaPump System to use significantly less installed horsepower drive units for
the same or greater lifting load capability. The design is also based on a constant torque drive system, which results in a
power factor close to one and makes the unit able to operate with smaller transformers and wiring. These factors may prove
3. to be extremely important to operators since the DynaPump will consume less energy than other artificial lift alternatives
and may eliminate the need for additional field electrical capacity when they are installed.
• Communication for Control and Feedback – The DynaPump has integrated communication and control capability due to
its use of a PLC to control the pumping cycle. The PLC may be interfaced directly to a conventional or radio modem to
allow remote control and monitoring capability and has been successfully integrated into CASE Services and XSPOC
automation software. This feature eliminates the need to add a dedicated pump off controller for each pump that is added to
a field when using automation software.
• Diagnostic Feedback – The DynaPump takes full advantage of available diagnostic feedback to provide a fully self
monitored system, including detection of down-hole related problems such as stuck pumps and parted rods. The self
monitoring provides warnings of impending failure conditions and also stops the pump prior to a catastrophic failure.
Because of this, major expensive repairs and unscheduled down time can often be avoided.
• Significantly Lighter Weight than Alternatives – The DynaPump is significantly lighter in weight than artificial lift
alternatives such as the beam pump or the Rotoflex pump. For example, an installed DynaPump Model 9 weighs 18000
pounds, including the Power Unit, while a less capable Lufkin 912 weighs 86,000 pounds installed. The lower weight
translates to a number of DynaPump advantages:
Energy consumed to manufacture an industrial machine made primarily from steel is roughly proportional to the
weight of the finished product. Thus the DynaPump is currently less expensive than comparable beam pumps and
the gap is likely to widen as economies of scale come into play in the future.
Transportation costs are lower (from the manufacturing plant and/or from one site to another) because the unit can
be transported on one flat bed truck.
Installation costs are lower because the DynaPump can be shipped to the wellhead fully assembled and placed into
position using smaller lifting equipment. The DynaPump also requires much less massive and less costly
foundations.
Preparation of the surface equipment for rig crew access does not require lifting equipment. The DynaPump is
simply “pulled back” on its location for access to the well head.
OXY WASSON CLEARFORK TEAM EVALUATES THE DYNAPUMP
During the second half of 2001 the Wasson Clearfork Team studied the benefits of the DynaPump and discussed operating
experiences with several operators using the DynaPump in California and in the Permian Basin. A trip was also made to
DynaPump’s manufacturing facility in Northridge, California to learn more about the system firsthand. Based on this brief
investigation, the team concluded that the following DynaPump advantages should lead to cost savings for some applications:
It can be easily adjusted to accommodate a wide range of production flows without the need to change down-hole or surface
equipment. This will allow new or idle wells to be pumped off in a shorter period of time and then can be optimized to
maintain pump off.
The long, slow stroke should lead to fewer parted rods due to better control of rod stress and fewer rod reversals. The slow
stroke is also expected to reduce tubing wear. These factors are expected to be particularly important for deviated wells.
Energy consumption will be lower when compared to a beam pump or a submersible pump. This will result in lower
electricity costs.
The team agreed to purchase two Model 9 DynaPumps in order to evaluate and measure the cost saving benefits. The two units were
installed and began pumping operation in January 2002. The two pumps were successfully assimilated to the Case Services field
automation software and were closely followed for the balance of the year. During the remainder of 2002 there were no parted rod or
tubing failures on either of the two wells and the DynaPumps demonstrated their ability to control a wide range of flows, up to 900
BFPD. The two pumps also showed promising energy savings based on the power meter parameter in the DynaPump controller.
4. Like any new technology that is introduced, the DynaPump trial revealed a number of concerns that were quickly addressed and
solved by the company: Auto startup in cold weather surfaced as a problem due to the fact that oil volume shrinks and viscosity
increases for very cold oil temperatures like those encountered during a startup condition in near freezing outside air temperatures.
This was solved by changing to multi-viscosity oil, adding a thermostat control, and revising the PLC logic to address the cold start
condition. Another problem was related to nuisance shutdowns related to diagnostic monitoring. These issues were solved by
optimizing the PLC adjustment settings and by improving the monitoring in a software upgrade. DynaPump also introduced a
number of improvements for new production in 2002, including a “Super Controller” that allows speeds to be more precisely
controlled under adverse operating conditions, cable guards that prevent the cables from coming off the pulleys (for a runaway or loss
of load condition) and a redesigned Power Unit that significantly reduces operating noise.
Based on the favorable results experienced on the first two pumps in 2002 and the fact that DynaPump was committed to address and
fix major concerns related to operating the pump in the Permian Basin, the Wasson Clearfork Team elected to expand the project in
2003. A total of 12 additional DynaPumps were added in 2003. Target opportunities for these units included a new drilling program
in the NWCF field where initial production levels were projected to be 700 BFPD, replacement of overloaded beam pumps that were
not able to be pumped off, and replacement of both beam and submersible pumps on severely deviated wells where well maintenance
cost were very high. A program was initiated to measure the energy savings for comparable technologies in order to document the
savings and to monitor other relevant cost factors, favorable or unfavorable, that could be attributed to the DynaPump. Collection of
this data is on-going.
DYNAPUMP BENEFITS REVEALED
As a direct result of the evaluation project, the Wasson Clearfork Team was able to confirm DynaPump benefits in three areas:
energy savings, increased production, and less down time and rig costs, particularly on deviated wells.
Energy Savings – In order to measure energy savings it was decided that the best approach would be to install a standard mechanical
KWH revenue meter and measure the input power consumed over a 24 hour period. Wells were selected for each lift technology that
were approximately the same depth and that were not being pumped off so that off time would not be a factor. Power was measured
for four DynaPumps, six beam pumps, and six submersible pumps. Data points collected are shown in Figure 2. The power
consumed in the 24 hour period is plotted versus total daily production. As expected, for a given technology it requires more power
to lift more fluid. The data where normalized by computing the average KWH/Barrel flow. The calculation of this number is shown
below:
Lift Technology Average KWH/Barrel Energy Cost to Produce 600 BFPD/Yr
DynaPump 0.70 $4,446
Beam Pump 1.36 $8,637
Submersible 4.15 $26,357
This table also shows the annual energy cost to pump 600 BFPD assuming that the cost of energy is $.029/KWH. This data is shown
for comparison purposes only because in the case of the beam pumps currently in use they are unable to reach the 600 BFPD due to
other limitations. This data shows that the DynaPump consumes approximately ½ the power of a beam pump and 1/6 the power of a
submersible when pumping the same flow from the same depth.
Increased Production - If a particular well is not being pumped off, conversion to a DynaPump will likely increase production by
allowing a larger BHP to be used without major changes to the rod string or tubing due to its heavy lifting ability, long stroke, and
more precise control of the rod loads. In some cases production output may even increase if an ESP is replaced with a DynaPump
due to the fact that it can fully pump off the well which in turn may favorably change the water cut ratio. Even for a well that is
pumped off with a beam pump, the output will be higher for a DynaPump because the fluid level over the pump is automatically
maintained without the need to start and stop the pump.
In once case, a Lufkin 912 pumping at 7.9 SPM with a 2.25” BHP producing 420 BFPD was changed to DynaPump Model 9
pumping at 4.3 SPM with a 2.25” BHP and ending up producing 505 BFPD. This was a 20% increase without changing the size of
the BHP. In most cases, the BHP was increased to the next larger API pump size and production increased at least proportionally,
although in a few cases the well was subsequently pumped off with the larger pump. In at least one case, the change to the
DynaPump resulted in an increase in the production of oil by 25 BPD. This equates to incremental annual revenue of nearly
$250,000 at today’s oil prices.
5. Less Down Time and Rig Cost – Certain wells have relatively high well maintenance cost related to rod parts, tubing wear out, and
BHP failures. Oxy has even experienced some wells using submersible pumps that have a high rate of replacement. Of course any
time a well must be pulled to complete repairs there are two negative operating factors that come into play: one is the cost of the rig
crew plus the cost of the replacement parts, and the other factor is the lost production revenue while the pump is out of service. One
common characteristic of the wells that have very high well maintenance costs is that they have a severe deviation profile. In these
cases, beam pumps running very fast experience a high rate of parted rods even when steps are taken to use rod guides in the deviated
section(s). Submersible pumps sometimes experience electrical harness damage when being inserted on deviated wells which then
leads to premature pump failure. Use of a DynaPump on such wells allows production to be maintained, or in most cases increased
as noted above, but with the pump stroking at approximately ½ the speed of a normal beam pump.
Figure 3 shows an example of severe well deviation on SWCU 8545. This well was reactivated in April of 2001 and was pumping
420 BFPD using a Lufkin 912 pumping at 7.9 SPM with a 2.25” BHP. However, this well experienced six (6) rod parts during its
first 14 months of operation. This equated to thirty two (32) days of lost production. The beam pump was replaced with a Model 9
DynaPump as shown in Figure 4. The DynaPump is pumping at 4.3 SPM with a 2.25” BHP and producing 505 BFPD and there
have been no rod parts for the 12 months that it has been operating on this well.
Another example of savings in this area is on another well with severe deviation. On this well (8538-S) a submersible capable of
producing 700 BFPD was installed in February of 2003. During the past 10 months the submersible has failed three times, requiring
that the unit be pulled and the cable repaired each time. A total of 30 days of lost production are attributed to this repair work. The
submersible was replaced with a Model 11 DynaPump with a 2.75” BHP targeted to produce 700 BFPD. This unit has been running
for the past month without a failure and is expected to now have a “normal” history of well maintenance from this point forward.
DYNAPUMP 2003 RESULTS
At the end of 2003 OXY Permian will have a total of 14 DynaPumps in operation with the first two operating for nearly two years.
Results of the DynaPump trial are summarized s follows:
• There have been no rod parts attributed to the DynaPump.
• There have been no tubing failures on DynaPump wells.
• Runtimes are averaging 98.5% and are comparable to or better than beam pumps when down time related to induced
down-hole failures is taken into account.
• Operation in cold weather has been addressed by pump upgrades.
• A new Power Unit Design has been introduced to address the noise issue. One of the new units is currently
operating within 250 feet of a residence.
• DynaPump upgraded all of its pumps to incorporate a cable guard mechanism. This feature will provide increased
safety during certain failure conditions.
• Power Units delivered after July 2002 incorporate an advanced braking system (“Super Controller”) that provides
more precise control of pump position and acceleration and should lead to further improvement in rod life.
• Test data shows that energy consumption is significantly lower than a beam pump or submersible when pumping the
same equivalent flow from the same depth.
• DynaPump’s heavy lifting capability often leads to increased production when replacing conventional equipment on
wells that are not pumped off.
• DynaPump is working to improve cylinder and wire rope life. These are the two biggest concerns relative to long
term maintenance costs and longevity of the units.
6. CONCLUSION
Measurements have demonstrated that DynaPump units operate with lower energy costs versus either a conventional beam pump or a
submersible pump when pumping the same equivalent flow from the same depth. Energy consumed is approximately ½ when
compared to a beam pump and 1/6 when compared to a submersible pump. The DynaPumps, operating at much slower
speeds because of its long stroke, have resulted in no rod parts and no tubing failures. The uptime and total production
generally exceeds a conventional pumping unit due to the fact that the DynaPump can lift heavier loads and there is less
downtime related to repairing down-hole failures. Based on these results and the fact that DynaPump thus far has been
committed to supporting the pump and making improvements to address operational concerns, the Wasson Clearfork Team
will continue the project in 2004. DynaPump is expected to be the lift choice for applications in the production range of 500
to 1000 BFPD and may also replace selected conventional and submersible pumps on wells experiencing above average well
maintenance and downtime such as those on deviated wells.
DynaPump has developed a calculator that can be used to evaluate artificial lift alternatives by comparing various cash flow factors
for each alternative. The model will soon be available on their website, www.dynapumpinc.com. The Wasson Clearfork Team may
collect additional data during 2004 and investigate the merits of using this model in the future.
Figure 1- DynaPump Model 11 Installation
Rear
Counterweight
Front
Counterweight
Pulley
Assembly
Power Unit
Carrier Bar
Polished Rod
Cylinder
7. Power Consumption Data
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 500 1000 1500
Production, BPD
PowerConsumption,KWH/Day
DynaPump
BEAM
SUB
Figure 2 - Power Consumption versus Total Production
SSWWCCUU 88554455 DDeevviiaattiioonn
**** WWEELLLL DDEEVVIIAATTIIOONN ****
Figure 3 - Well Deviation Profile for South Wasson Well # SWCU 8545
8. Figure 4 - A Model 9 DynaPump Replaces a Lufkin 912 on Well # SWCU 8545