Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. AI aims to make computers, robots, or software that think intelligently like humans. Researchers study how the human brain thinks, learns, decides and solves problems to develop intelligent systems. There are many benefits to AI, such as its ability to learn from data, teach itself, and help us understand intelligence. Intelligence involves abilities like perception, reasoning, learning, problem solving and language use. Types of intelligence include linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, and spatial. Signs of intelligence include perception, reasoning, learning, and problem solving. Applications of AI include games, natural language processing, vision systems, speech

1. Basics of Artificial Intelligence

2. AI - Definition
• The science and engineering of making intelligent machines,
especially intelligent computer programs –John McCarthy
• Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a robot,
or a software that think intelligently like intelligent humans
think.

3. How AI is Accomplished?
• By studying how human brain thinks and how humans learn,
decide, and work while trying to solve a problem.
• Use the outcomes of this study (course) as a basis of developing
intelligent software and systems.

4. Need of AI
• There are numerous reasons to learn AI.
– AI can learn through data
– AI can teach itself
– AI can help us understand what “intelligence” means

5. What is Intelligence?
The ability of a system to
• Perceive the environment
• Calculate & reason from the percepts
• Learn from experience
• Store and retrieve information from memory
• Solve problems, comprehend complex ideas
• Use natural language fluently
• Classify, generalize, and adapt to new situations.

6. Types of Intelligence
• Linguistic Intelligence
• Musical Intelligence
• Logical-Mathematical intelligence
• Spatial intelligence
• Soft skills, etc..

7. Signs of Intelligence
• Perception
• Reasoning
• Learning
• Problem Solving

8. Reasoning
•Inductive Reasoning
• Making generalizations from specific observations
• Dhoni is a Cricketer. Dhoni is hardworking. Therefore, all
cricketers are hardworking!
•Deductive Reasoning
• Start with a general statement and reach a specific conclusion
• All cricketers are sportsmen. Dhoni is cricketer. So He is a
sportman.

9. Learning
• Auditory learning
• Episodic learning - process of storing or retrieving experiences in
one's episodic memory and using it to improve behavior. It’s a long-term
memory used to store unique events, or episodes, from one's past.
• Motor learning
• Observational learning
• Perceptual learning
• Relational learning

10. Other types of Learning
• Supervised learning
• Unsupervised learning
• Semi-Supervised learning
• Reinforcement learning

11. Problem Solving
• It is the process in which one perceives and tries to arrive at a
desired solution from a present situation by taking some path,
which is blocked by known or unknown hurdles.
• It is the process of decision making, which involves selecting the
best alternative out of multiple alternatives to reach the desired
goal.

12. Applications of AI
• Games
• Natural Language Processing
• Expert Systems
• Vision Systems
• Speech Recognition
• Handwriting Recognition
• Intelligent Robots

13. References
• Tom Markiewicz & Josh Zheng, Getting started with Artificial Intelligence,
Published by O’Reilly Media,2017
• Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach