Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science aimed at creating intelligent machines capable of reasoning, learning, and problem-solving. It encompasses various fields such as natural language processing, expert systems, and vision systems, and has both advantages like error reduction and challenges like high costs and potential job displacement. Ethical considerations arise regarding privacy, human dignity, and the risks associated with self-improving AI systems.

1. Artificial Intelligence
Dr. Abdul Ahad Abro

2. Artificial Intelligence
AI is an area of computer science that aims to create the intelligent machine.
AI is exciting. Today AI is like an umbrella that encompasses everything from
robot process algorithm to actual robot.

3. The ability of a system to calculate, reason, perceive relationships and analogies, learn
from experience, store and retrieve information from memory, solve problems,
comprehend complex ideas, use natural language fluently, classify, generalize, and adapt
new situations.
Or
Intelligence is defined as general cognitive problem-solving skills. A mental ability
involved in reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies, calculating, learning
quickly… etc.
What is Intelligence?

4. The intelligence is intangible. It is composed of −
Reasoning
Learning
Problem Solving
Perception
Linguistic Intelligence
What is Intelligence Composed of ?

5. To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn,
demonstrate, explain, and advice its users.
To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating systems that understand, think,
learn, and behave like humans.
Goals of AI

6. “Can a machine think and behave like humans do?”
Philosophy of AI

7. Types of Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence
Musical intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence
Spatial intelligence
Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence
Intra-personal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence

8. Contributes to AI
Artificial intelligence is a science and technology based on disciplines such as
Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics, and
Engineering. A major thrust of AI is in the development of computer functions
associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and problem
solving.

9. AI Fields of Study

10. Applications of AI
Gaming − AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-
tac-toe, etc., where machine can think of large number of possible positions
based on heuristic knowledge.
Natural Language Processing − It is possible to interact with the computer that
understands natural language spoken by humans.
Expert Systems − There are some applications which integrate machine,
software, and special information to impart reasoning and advising. They
provide explanation and advice to the users.
Vision Systems − These systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual
input on the computer.
Speech Recognition − Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and
comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings while a
human talks to it.
Handwriting Recognition − The handwriting recognition.

11. Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
AI also help in Error Reduction, Difficult Exploration, Daily Application, Digital
Assistants, . Repetitive Jobs, Medical Applications and No breaks

12. Disadvantages / Limitation / Drawbacks of Artificial Intelligence
High Cost, No Improvement with Experience, No Original Creativity,
Unemployment.

13. Humans developed AI systems by introducing into them every possible intelligence they
could, for which the humans themselves now seem threatened.
Threat to Privacy
An AI program that recognizes speech and understands natural language is theoretically
capable of understanding each conversation on e-mails and telephones.
Threat to Human Dignity
AI systems have already started replacing the human beings in few industries. It should not
replace people in the sectors where they are holding dignified positions which are
pertaining to ethics such as nursing, surgeon, judge, police officer, etc.
Threat to Safety
The self-improving AI systems can become so mighty than humans that could be very
difficult to stop from achieving their goals, which may lead to unintended consequences
Issues of Artificial Intelligence