The document provides an overview of the history and development of artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses early pioneers in AI research from the 18th century onward and key milestones like the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 which established AI as an academic field. The document also outlines different types of AI, like weak AI and strong AI, as well as many applications and fields that utilize AI today like robotics, healthcare, manufacturing, and more. It concludes by discussing the increasing use of robots in various industries and envisions the future potential of AI.

3. Introduction
History
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Types Of AI (Artificial Intelligence)
Applications of AI (Artificial Intelligence)
Languages of AI (Artificial Intelligence)
Fields/Applications/Robots
Merits & Demerits
Future of AI (Artificial Intelligence)
Mr.Khan

5. What Is AI?? What Is AI??
 Definition  Definition:
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
“The branch of computer “Artificial intelligence (AI) is a
science concerned branch of computer science
that deals with intelligent
with making behavior, learning, and
computers behave like adaptation in machines”
humans.”
(Webopedia) ( Wikipedia )

7. Sunawar Khan Ahsan

8.  The original story, published by Mary
Shelley, in 1818, describes the attempt
of a true scientist , Victor , to create
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
life.
8

9.  Joseph Faber's Amazing Talking
Machine (1830-40's).
 A speech synthesizer variously
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
known as the Euphonia and the
Amazing Talking Machine. By
pumping air with the bellows ... and
manipulating a series of plates,
chambers, and other apparatus
(including an artificial tongue ... ),
 The operator could make it speak any
European language

10. In the 1940s and 50s, a handful of
scientists from a variety of fields
began to discuss the possibility of
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
creating an artificial brain.
 The field of artificial intelligence
research was founded as an
academic discipline in 1956.

11. Sunawar Khan Ahsan
The IBM 702: a computer used by the first generation of AI researchers

12. Sunawar Khan Ahsan
(THE TALKING MACHINE)

13. The Roots
1834 Charles Babbage’s
Analytical Engine
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Ada writes of the engine,
“The Analytical Engine
can do whatever we
know how to order it
to perform.”

14. The Roots of Modern Technology
1642 Pascal built an adding machine
1694 Leibnitz reckoning machine
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Pascaline

15. Turing's test 1950
In1950 Alan Turing published a landmark
paper in which he speculated about the
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
possibility of creating machines
with true intelligence.
Alan Turing

16. AI 1951
In 1951, using the Ferranti Mark
1 machine of the University of
Manchester,
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Christopher Strachey wrote a checkers
program and Dietrich Prinz wrote one for
chess.

17. The Dartmouth Conference of 1956was
organized by John McCarthy and two
senior scientists:
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
In1956 Dartmouth conference was the
moment that AI gained its name,
mission, first success and major
players, and is the birth of AI.
John McCarthy

18. The years after the Dartmouth
conference were an era of discovery,
of sprinting across new ground.
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
The programs that were developed
during this time were solving algebra
word problems, proving theorems in
geometry and learning to speak
English

19. In the 70s, AI was subject to
financial setbacks.
AI researchers had failed to
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
appreciate the difficulty of the
problems they faced.
Problem;
Limited computer power:
 There was not enough memory or
processing speed.

20. BOOM 1980–1987
 Inthe 1980s a form of AI program called "expert
systems" was adopted by corporations around
the world and knowledge became the focus of
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
mainstream AI research.
 In those same years, the Japanese government
aggressively funded AI with its fifth generation
computer project.
 Once again, AI had achieved
success.

21.  The first indication of a change in weather
was the sudden collapse of the market for
specialized AI hardware in 1987.
 Desktop computers
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
from Apple and IBM had been gaining
speed and power.
 in 1987 they became more powerful than
the more expensive Lisp machines made
by Symbolics .

22.  The field of AI, now more than a half a
century old, finally achieved some of its
oldest goals.
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
 It began to be used successfully
throughout the technology industry.
 For Ray Kurzweil, the issue is computer
power and, using Moore's Law, he
predicts that machines with human-level
intelligence will appear by 2029

23. THE ADVENT OF THE COMPUTER
1945 ENIAC
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
“The first electronic digital computer”
23

24. 1997 – First official Rob-Cup soccer match
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Picture from 2003
competition

26. There are two general types
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
 Weak AI
 Strong AI

27.  Weak
AI refers to AI that only simulates
human thoughts and actions
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
 Actions,
decisions and ideas are
programmed into it
 All the current forms of AI are weak AI.

28.  Strong
AI refers to AI that matches or
exceeds human intelligence
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
 Also called “True AI”, as they are truly
intelligent
 Example: The robots from the movies
transformers, matrix, terminator, I-
robot, etc.

30. Computer
Linguistics
Science
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Artificial
Philosophy Psychology
Intelligence
Mathematics Biology

31. Transformers
These robots can
convert themselves
into cars I-Robot
This robot works like
humans

32.  Handwriting Recognition
Expert Systems
Optical Character Recognition
Neural Networks
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Machine Translation
Speech Recognition
Computer Algebra Systems
Machine Vision

33.  Handwriting recognition is the ability of a
computer to receive and interpret
intelligible handwritten input from sources
such as paper documents, photographs,
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
touch-screens and other devices. The
image of the written text may be sensed
"off line" from a piece of paper by optical
scanning Alternatively, the movements of
the pen tip may be sensed "on line", for
example by a pen-based computer
screen surface

34.  An expert system is software that uses a
knowledge base of human expertise
for problem solving, or clarify
uncertainties where normally one or
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
more human experts would need to be
consulted

35.  Optical character recognition, usually
abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or
electronic translation of scanned images
of handwritten, typewritten or printed text
into machine-encoded text. It is widely
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
used to convert books and documents
into electronic files, to computerize a
record-keeping system in an office, or to
publish the text on a website.

36.  Speech recognition (also known as
automatic speech recognition or
computer speech recognition) converts
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
spoken words to text. The term "voice
recognition" is sometimes used to refer
to recognition systems that must be
trained to a particular speaker—as is
the case for most desktop recognition
software. Recognizing the speaker can
simplify the task of translating speech

37.  Robotics is a branch of science and
engineering dealing with the study of
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
robots. It is involved with a robot's
design, manufacture, application, and
structural disposition. Robotics is related
to electronics, mechanics, and
software

38. Space Exploration
Healthcare
Domestic
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Military defense
Manufacturing
Recreational/ Social Use
Agriculture
Other intelligent machines

39. 700,000 robots were in the industrial
world in 1995 and over 500,000 were used
in Japan. About 120,000 in Western
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Europe and 60,000 in the United States
and many were doing tasks too dangerous
or unpleasant for humans!!!!!

40. Space Exploration
Two important devices exist which are
proven space robots
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
Remote Manipulator System (RMS)

41. This picture shows a Historic Space Handshake
between Shuttle and Space Station
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
(Robots - Image Courtesy of CSA)

42. Sunawar Khan Ahsan
42

43. Healthcare
Robots are used sometimes for
operations. A human could never drill a
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
hole exactly one 100th of a inch wide
and long.
e.g.
Tug robot (delivery robot),
RoboDoc
Robotic Wheelchair can facilitate
patient locomotion

44. Sunawar Khan Ahsan

45.  Domestic Use
These robots perform
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
domestic chores and
perform simple tasks like
grass cutting, vacuum
cleaning, plant watering,
etc.
e.g. Scooba, Robomower
45

46. Military Defense
The U.S. military is currently
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
using robots to diffuse bombs and to
transport goods in danger zones. These
vehicles (AGVs) use sensors and
coordinates to guide themselves through
streets and rough terrain to supply
ammunition and food stuff to soldiers. 46
e.g. iRobot Packbot, Transbotics

47. Sunawar Khan Ahsan

48. Manufacturing
Probably the industry
which uses robots the
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
most. Robots are useful
in repetitive tasks and
also work for longer
durations without
breaks.
e.g. Robots in car
48
production assembly
line

49. Agriculture
Robots can do the work that took a dozen
harvesters to do at the same time.
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Robots are used for harvesting, reaping and
sowing purposes.
They are sometimes
called,
‘Agrobots’.

50. Recreational/
Social Use
These robots are built
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
for purely recreational
purposes. They provide
company and are most
life-like.
e.g. Asimo (the
humanoid robot), Aibo
(the widely popular
robotic dog)

51. Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Puzzle Solving machine

52. Business Benefits:
Robots have the ability to consistently
produce high-quality products and to
precisely perform tasks
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
Since they never tire and can work
nonstop without breaks, robots are
able to produce more quality goods or
execute commands quicker than their
human counterparts

53. Employee Benefits:
Robots can do the work that no one else
wants to do—the mundane, dangerous, and
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
repetitive jobs
Common Misconception about Robots:
Introducing robots into a work environment
does not necessarily mean the elimination of
jobs. With the addition of robots comes the
need for highly-skilled, human workers

54. Sunawar Khan Ahsan

56. Listed below are some of the languages
specifically designed to develop (AI)
application.
 LISP
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
 PROLOG
 MERCURY
 APPLOG
JAVA , C , C++ , PYTHON , PERL
also can used.

57. LISP-( LISPROGRAMMING LANGUAGE )
 LISPis second oldest high level Programming
language .
 Invented by John McCarthy in 1958 and
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
the first implemented by Steve Russell on
IBM 704 computer.
 Number dialects have existed over LISP
history.
e.g : Common LISP
Scheme

58. PROLOG-(PROGRAMMING IN LOGIC)
PROLOG is a logic programming
language which was invented in
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
1972 by Alain.
PROLOG was one of the first
logic programming language, and
remains among the most popular
such languages today.

60. Sunawar Khan Ahsan

61.  Delegance: routine operations can be
delegated to a computer, freeing up more time
for humans (eg setup wizard)
 Confimation: having an ai check your work as
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
you go along (eg spellcheck)
 Isolation: have a computer simulate a human
interaction in order to test something(eg fire
safety simulations)
 Emulation: provide a virtual second user for a
system(eg game ai.)

62.  Proficiency: an ai has only the real world
experience of the specialists who created it
 Predictability: an ai will only ever cerate new
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
permutations of known states, completely new
behavior will never arise (learn the ai's tactics, and
it'll never pull anything new on you)
 Redundancy: if a system becomes too proficient,
it may render humans obsolete (casino security).

64.  Gradual Change
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
-Despite the rapid advance of
technology, the advent of
strong AI will be a gradual
process

65.  Jobs/Work
-Even now we have robots taking over jobs.
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
-Right now Japan uses about 320 robots of all sorts per
10,000 employees, while Germany uses 148 industrial robots
per 10,000 employees, Italy 116, Sweden 99 and between 50
and 80 each in United States.

66. • Will AI rule the world ?
if machines can replicate human
intelligence , it might be able to rule the
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
world.
But.
The question remain ……………..........
Can Artificial Intelligence match the
human Intelligence.??

68. AI can have two purposes.
First is to use the power of computers to augment
human thinking. Robotics and expert systems are
Sunawar Khan Ahsan
major branches of that.
The other is to use a computer's artificial
intelligence to understand how humans think.

69. Sunawar Khan Ahsan