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Artificial Intelligence Presentation

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study and design of intelligent agents, with no single goal. It aims to put human-level intelligence into machines. The document traces the history of AI from its origins in 1941 to modern applications in areas like military, science, business, and entertainment. It discusses early developments like the Dartmouth conference that defined the field, and the creation of languages like Lisp and Prolog. Future developments may lead to more sophisticated AI in video games, self-governing robot societies, and abilities that surpass humans in games like chess, but this also raises ethical questions about controlling advanced AI.

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Artificial IntelligenceShannon Baker, Laura Paviglianiti, Tim Stuart
What is Artificial Intelligence?
The intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it"the study and design of intelligent agents”No single goal of artificial intelligenceSome say it’s putting the human mind into computersWhat is intelligence?The computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the worldWe do not yet fully understand what intelligence consists of
1941:Development of the electronic computerSome trace the origin to John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at Iowa State University
Required large, separate air-conditioned roomsRequired separate configuration of thousands of wiresData fed into system By punched cards
First Commercial, Stored Program ComputerMade job of entering a program easierAdvancements in computer theory  computer science (and eventually to AI)Invention of a means of processing data makes AI possible
Dartmouth ConferenceJohn McCarthy (“father of AI”) organizes conferenceA month of brainstorming in VTTalent and expertise of others interested in machine intelligenceBiggest gain:Field now calledArtificial Intelligence
Lisp Language DevelopedMcCarthy announces new development: LISP languageStill used todayLISt Processing – language of choice among AI developers
Start of DoD’sAdvanced Research ProjectsMIT receives 2.2 million dollar grant from US govt. to research Macine-Aided Cognition (AI)From Department of DefenseUS wants to stay ahead of Soviet Union
MicroworldProgram, SHRDLU CreatedSHRDLU part of microworlds project – research & programming in small worldsWhen confined to small subject matter, computerprograms can solve spatial &logic problems
First Expert SystemPredict the probability of a solution under set conditionsPotential to interpret statistics, formulate rulesOver course of 10 years, can forecast stock market, aid doctors in diagnosis, show miners promising mineral locationsLarge applications in market placeConditional rules & storage of information
PROLOG Language RevealedGeneral logic programming languageRepresented as facts and rulesDeveloped in FranceRemains one of most possible programming languages today
AI-Based Hardware Sells $425 Million to CompaniesExpert systems in particular demandDuPont, General Motors, Boeing rely heavily on expert systemsCompanies develop that specialize in creating software that aids in producing expert systems
AI Military Systems UsedEffectively in DESERT STORMUsed in missile systems, heads-up-displays, etc.AI truly putto the test
AI System Beats HumanChessmasterAI goes homePublic interest growingAI system placed against a human chessmaster to see who would winAI wins – shows skills & abilities
Applications of AIMilitary“Smart bombs”Guided by remote control camera systems directed to the intended targetUnmanned drone aircraftMissiles fly military missions and launch weapons from a distanceDecoding of enemy secret codesRapid translation of foreign language
Applications of AIScienceDevelopment of new drugsModel clinical studies in animals and humansRemote controlled surgical proceduresUses robotics and computer-based optical systemsCan be performed half-way around the worldAdvanced weather modelingDoppler RadarLooks at trends and past models to predict weather patterns
Applications of AIIndustrialMachine vision inspection systemsCameras and computers are placed on assembly lines to find defectsRobotic systemsUse computer automation and mechanical equipmentTake place of humans in manufacturing of cars
Applications of AIBusinessMacros Computer mimics the programmer's actionsAdvanced financial systemsQuickly analyze trendsAllows for rapid investment decisionsConsumerPersonal computersComputer applications for Apple & IMBVoice and character recognitionEntertainment Games, such as chess, where over 120 million moves can be recognized
Future of AIThe future is really unknownResearchers seem to disagree on a lot of the same issuesWith the rate at which technology is improving it is logical to believe AI will continue to get more and more sophisticated
AI in Video GamesOver the years AI is getting exponentially more sophisticatedNow AI’s are able to react with an “intelligence” that simulates the computer as a human AI’s are able to respond to voice commands
Chess & AITheory: if they can create a computer that can outsmart humans in this obviously strategic, thinking-based game, then it would be a major milestone on the road to the intelligent computer
Ethical Questions?-Will there come a point when computers become too intelligent?-Should robots have the same legal rights as humans?-How would we get around the question of ownership?-To what extent should we trust (be able to predict the behavior of) such a species?-What responsibilities do we owe such robots?-Would it be wrong to deliberately install mechanisms that gave humans an immediate physical advantage e.g. an off switch?-Should we allow a self-governing robot society to co-exist with ours?