This presentation will give you a brief about the Artificial intelligence concept with the below-mentioned contents
- What is AI?
- Need for AI
- Languages used for AI development
- History of AI
- Types of AI
- Agents in AI
- How AI works
- Technologies of AI
- Application of AI
Artificial Intelligence Course | AI Tutorial For Beginners | Artificial Intel...Simplilearn
This Artificial Intelligence presentation will help you understand what is Artificial Intelligence, types of Artificial Intelligence, ways of achieving Artificial Intelligence and applications of Artificial Intelligence. In the end, we will also implement a use case on TensorFlow in which we will predict whether a person has diabetes or not. Artificial Intelligence is a method of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot or a software think intelligently in a manner similar to the human mind. AI is accomplished by studying the patterns of the human brain and by analyzing the cognitive process. Artificial Intelligence is emerging as the next big thing in the technology field. Organizations are adopting AI and budgeting for certified professionals in the field, thus the demand for trained and certified professionals in AI is increasing. As this new field continues to grow, it will have an impact on everyday life and lead to considerable implications for many industries. Now, let us deep dive into the AI tutorial video and understand what is this Artificial Intelligence all about and how it can impact human life.
The topics covered in this Artificial Intelligence presentation are as follows:
1. What is Artificial intelligence?
2. Types of Artificial intelligence
3. Ways of achieving artificial intelligence
4. Applications of Artificial intelligence
5. Use case - Predicting if a person has diabetes or not
Simplilearn’s Artificial Intelligence course provides training in the skills required for a career in AI. You will master TensorFlow, Machine Learning and other AI concepts, plus the programming languages needed to design intelligent agents, deep learning algorithms & advanced artificial neural networks that use predictive analytics to solve real-time decision-making problems without explicit programming.
Why learn Artificial Intelligence?
The current and future demand for AI engineers is staggering. The New York Times reports a candidate shortage for certified AI Engineers, with fewer than 10,000 qualified people in the world to fill these jobs, which according to Paysa earn an average salary of $172,000 per year in the U.S. (or Rs.17 lakhs to Rs. 25 lakhs in India) for engineers with the required skills.
Those who complete the course will be able to:
1. Master the concepts of supervised and unsupervised learning
2. Gain practical mastery over principles, algorithms, and applications of machine learning through a hands-on approach which includes working on 28 projects and one capstone project.
3. Acquire thorough knowledge of the mathematical and heuristic aspects of machine learning.
4. Understand the concepts and operation of support vector machines, kernel SVM, Naive Bayes, decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, K-means clustering and more.
Comprehend the theoretic
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com
Intelligent Agent PPT ON SLIDESHARE IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEKhushboo Pal
n artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity which acts, directing its activity towards achieving goals (i.e. it is an agent), upon an environment using observation through sensors and consequent actuators (i.e. it is intelligent).An intelligent agent is a program that can make decisions or perform a service based on its environment, user input and experiences. These programs can be used to autonomously gather information on a regular, programmed schedule or when prompted by the user in real time. Intelligent agents may also be referred to as a bot, which is short for robot.Examples of intelligent agents
AI assistants, like Alexa and Siri, are examples of intelligent agents as they use sensors to perceive a request made by the user and the automatically collect data from the internet without the user's help. They can be used to gather information about its perceived environment such as weather and time.
Infogate is another example of an intelligent agent, which alerts users about news based on specified topics of interest.
Autonomous vehicles could also be considered intelligent agents as they use sensors, GPS and cameras to make reactive decisions based on the environment to maneuver through traffic.
Examples of intelligent agents
AI assistants, like Alexa and Siri, are examples of intelligent agents as they use sensors to perceive a request made by the user and the automatically collect data from the internet without the user's help. They can be used to gather information about its perceived environment such as weather and time.
Infogate is another example of an intelligent agent, which alerts users about news based on specified topics of interest.
Autonomous vehicles could also be considered intelligent agents as they use sensors, GPS and cameras to make reactive decisions based on the environment to maneuver through traffic.
This presentation will give you a brief about the Artificial intelligence concept with the below-mentioned contents
- What is AI?
- Need for AI
- Languages used for AI development
- History of AI
- Types of AI
- Agents in AI
- How AI works
- Technologies of AI
- Application of AI
Artificial Intelligence Course | AI Tutorial For Beginners | Artificial Intel...Simplilearn
This Artificial Intelligence presentation will help you understand what is Artificial Intelligence, types of Artificial Intelligence, ways of achieving Artificial Intelligence and applications of Artificial Intelligence. In the end, we will also implement a use case on TensorFlow in which we will predict whether a person has diabetes or not. Artificial Intelligence is a method of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot or a software think intelligently in a manner similar to the human mind. AI is accomplished by studying the patterns of the human brain and by analyzing the cognitive process. Artificial Intelligence is emerging as the next big thing in the technology field. Organizations are adopting AI and budgeting for certified professionals in the field, thus the demand for trained and certified professionals in AI is increasing. As this new field continues to grow, it will have an impact on everyday life and lead to considerable implications for many industries. Now, let us deep dive into the AI tutorial video and understand what is this Artificial Intelligence all about and how it can impact human life.
The topics covered in this Artificial Intelligence presentation are as follows:
1. What is Artificial intelligence?
2. Types of Artificial intelligence
3. Ways of achieving artificial intelligence
4. Applications of Artificial intelligence
5. Use case - Predicting if a person has diabetes or not
Simplilearn’s Artificial Intelligence course provides training in the skills required for a career in AI. You will master TensorFlow, Machine Learning and other AI concepts, plus the programming languages needed to design intelligent agents, deep learning algorithms & advanced artificial neural networks that use predictive analytics to solve real-time decision-making problems without explicit programming.
Why learn Artificial Intelligence?
The current and future demand for AI engineers is staggering. The New York Times reports a candidate shortage for certified AI Engineers, with fewer than 10,000 qualified people in the world to fill these jobs, which according to Paysa earn an average salary of $172,000 per year in the U.S. (or Rs.17 lakhs to Rs. 25 lakhs in India) for engineers with the required skills.
Those who complete the course will be able to:
1. Master the concepts of supervised and unsupervised learning
2. Gain practical mastery over principles, algorithms, and applications of machine learning through a hands-on approach which includes working on 28 projects and one capstone project.
3. Acquire thorough knowledge of the mathematical and heuristic aspects of machine learning.
4. Understand the concepts and operation of support vector machines, kernel SVM, Naive Bayes, decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors, K-means clustering and more.
Comprehend the theoretic
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com
Intelligent Agent PPT ON SLIDESHARE IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEKhushboo Pal
n artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity which acts, directing its activity towards achieving goals (i.e. it is an agent), upon an environment using observation through sensors and consequent actuators (i.e. it is intelligent).An intelligent agent is a program that can make decisions or perform a service based on its environment, user input and experiences. These programs can be used to autonomously gather information on a regular, programmed schedule or when prompted by the user in real time. Intelligent agents may also be referred to as a bot, which is short for robot.Examples of intelligent agents
AI assistants, like Alexa and Siri, are examples of intelligent agents as they use sensors to perceive a request made by the user and the automatically collect data from the internet without the user's help. They can be used to gather information about its perceived environment such as weather and time.
Infogate is another example of an intelligent agent, which alerts users about news based on specified topics of interest.
Autonomous vehicles could also be considered intelligent agents as they use sensors, GPS and cameras to make reactive decisions based on the environment to maneuver through traffic.
Examples of intelligent agents
AI assistants, like Alexa and Siri, are examples of intelligent agents as they use sensors to perceive a request made by the user and the automatically collect data from the internet without the user's help. They can be used to gather information about its perceived environment such as weather and time.
Infogate is another example of an intelligent agent, which alerts users about news based on specified topics of interest.
Autonomous vehicles could also be considered intelligent agents as they use sensors, GPS and cameras to make reactive decisions based on the environment to maneuver through traffic.
Types Of Artificial Intelligence | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/y5swZ2Q_lBw
** Machine Learning Engineer Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/machine-learning-engineer-training **
This Edureka PPT on "Types Of Artificial Intelligence" will help you understand the different stages and types of Artificial Intelligence in depth. The following topics are covered in this Artificial Intelligence Tutorial:
History Of AI
What Is AI?
Stages Of Artificial Intelligence
Types Of Artificial Intelligence
Domains Of Artificial Intelligence
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
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Problem solving
Problem formulation
Search Techniques for Artificial Intelligence
Classification of AI searching Strategies
What is Search strategy ?
Defining a Search Problem
State Space Graph versus Search Trees
Graph vs. Tree
Problem Solving by Search
The artificial intelligence solutions are the greatest invention of mankind that has taken the technology to a whole new level. Artificial intelligence is used by the IT sector in their systems, software, applications, websites etc.
Check it Out – https://bit.ly/2Cgmd7p
Knowledge representation In Artificial IntelligenceRamla Sheikh
facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
Knowledge = information + rules
EXAMPLE
Doctors, managers.
In which we see how an agent can find a sequence of actions that achieves its goals, when no single action will do.
The method of solving problem through AI involves the process of defining the search space, deciding start and goal states and then finding the path from start state to goal state through search space.
State space search is a process used in the field of computer science, including artificial intelligence(AI), in which successive configurations or states of an instance are considered, with the goal of finding a goal state with a desired property.
What is Deep Learning | Deep Learning Simplified | Deep Learning Tutorial | E...Edureka!
This Edureka "What is Deep Learning" video will help you to understand about the relationship between Deep Learning, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence and how Deep Learning came into the picture. This tutorial will be discussing about Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and its limitations, how Deep Learning overcame Machine Learning limitations and different real-life applications of Deep Learning.
Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1. What Is Artificial Intelligence?
2. What Is Machine Learning?
3. Limitations Of Machine Learning
4. Deep Learning To The Rescue
5. What Is Deep Learning?
6. Deep Learning Applications
To take a structured training on Deep Learning, you can check complete details of our Deep Learning with TensorFlow course here: https://goo.gl/VeYiQZ
Hill Climbing Algorithm in Artificial IntelligenceBharat Bhushan
Hill Climbing Algorithm in Artificial Intelligence
Hill climbing algorithm is a local search algorithm which continuously moves in the direction of increasing elevation/value to find the peak of the mountain or best solution to the problem. It terminates when it reaches a peak value where no neighbor has a higher value.
Hill climbing algorithm is a technique which is used for optimizing the mathematical problems. One of the widely discussed examples of Hill climbing algorithm is Traveling-salesman Problem in which we need to minimize the distance traveled by the salesman.
It is also called greedy local search as it only looks to its good immediate neighbor state and not beyond that.
A node of hill climbing algorithm has two components which are state and value.
Hill Climbing is mostly used when a good heuristic is available.
In this algorithm, we don't need to maintain and handle the search tree or graph as it only keeps a single current state.
Features of Hill Climbing:
Following are some main features of Hill Climbing Algorithm:
Generate and Test variant: Hill Climbing is the variant of Generate and Test method. The Generate and Test method produce feedback which helps to decide which direction to move in the search space.
Greedy approach: Hill-climbing algorithm search moves in the direction which optimizes the cost.
No backtracking: It does not backtrack the search space, as it does not remember the previous states.
State-space Diagram for Hill Climbing:
The state-space landscape is a graphical representation of the hill-climbing algorithm which is showing a graph between various states of algorithm and Objective function/Cost.
On Y-axis we have taken the function which can be an objective function or cost function, and state-space on the x-axis. If the function on Y-axis is cost then, the goal of search is to find the global minimum and local minimum. If the function of Y-axis is Objective function, then the goal of the search is to find the global maximum and local maximum.
Types Of Artificial Intelligence | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/y5swZ2Q_lBw
** Machine Learning Engineer Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/machine-learning-engineer-training **
This Edureka PPT on "Types Of Artificial Intelligence" will help you understand the different stages and types of Artificial Intelligence in depth. The following topics are covered in this Artificial Intelligence Tutorial:
History Of AI
What Is AI?
Stages Of Artificial Intelligence
Types Of Artificial Intelligence
Domains Of Artificial Intelligence
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
Problem solving
Problem formulation
Search Techniques for Artificial Intelligence
Classification of AI searching Strategies
What is Search strategy ?
Defining a Search Problem
State Space Graph versus Search Trees
Graph vs. Tree
Problem Solving by Search
The artificial intelligence solutions are the greatest invention of mankind that has taken the technology to a whole new level. Artificial intelligence is used by the IT sector in their systems, software, applications, websites etc.
Check it Out – https://bit.ly/2Cgmd7p
Knowledge representation In Artificial IntelligenceRamla Sheikh
facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
Knowledge = information + rules
EXAMPLE
Doctors, managers.
In which we see how an agent can find a sequence of actions that achieves its goals, when no single action will do.
The method of solving problem through AI involves the process of defining the search space, deciding start and goal states and then finding the path from start state to goal state through search space.
State space search is a process used in the field of computer science, including artificial intelligence(AI), in which successive configurations or states of an instance are considered, with the goal of finding a goal state with a desired property.
What is Deep Learning | Deep Learning Simplified | Deep Learning Tutorial | E...Edureka!
This Edureka "What is Deep Learning" video will help you to understand about the relationship between Deep Learning, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence and how Deep Learning came into the picture. This tutorial will be discussing about Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and its limitations, how Deep Learning overcame Machine Learning limitations and different real-life applications of Deep Learning.
Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1. What Is Artificial Intelligence?
2. What Is Machine Learning?
3. Limitations Of Machine Learning
4. Deep Learning To The Rescue
5. What Is Deep Learning?
6. Deep Learning Applications
To take a structured training on Deep Learning, you can check complete details of our Deep Learning with TensorFlow course here: https://goo.gl/VeYiQZ
Hill Climbing Algorithm in Artificial IntelligenceBharat Bhushan
Hill Climbing Algorithm in Artificial Intelligence
Hill climbing algorithm is a local search algorithm which continuously moves in the direction of increasing elevation/value to find the peak of the mountain or best solution to the problem. It terminates when it reaches a peak value where no neighbor has a higher value.
Hill climbing algorithm is a technique which is used for optimizing the mathematical problems. One of the widely discussed examples of Hill climbing algorithm is Traveling-salesman Problem in which we need to minimize the distance traveled by the salesman.
It is also called greedy local search as it only looks to its good immediate neighbor state and not beyond that.
A node of hill climbing algorithm has two components which are state and value.
Hill Climbing is mostly used when a good heuristic is available.
In this algorithm, we don't need to maintain and handle the search tree or graph as it only keeps a single current state.
Features of Hill Climbing:
Following are some main features of Hill Climbing Algorithm:
Generate and Test variant: Hill Climbing is the variant of Generate and Test method. The Generate and Test method produce feedback which helps to decide which direction to move in the search space.
Greedy approach: Hill-climbing algorithm search moves in the direction which optimizes the cost.
No backtracking: It does not backtrack the search space, as it does not remember the previous states.
State-space Diagram for Hill Climbing:
The state-space landscape is a graphical representation of the hill-climbing algorithm which is showing a graph between various states of algorithm and Objective function/Cost.
On Y-axis we have taken the function which can be an objective function or cost function, and state-space on the x-axis. If the function on Y-axis is cost then, the goal of search is to find the global minimum and local minimum. If the function of Y-axis is Objective function, then the goal of the search is to find the global maximum and local maximum.
by Samantha Adams, Met Office.
Originally purely academic research fields, Machine Learning and AI are now definitely mainstream and frequently mentioned in the Tech media (and regular media too).
We’ve also got the explosion of Data Science which encompasses these fields and more. There’s a lot of interesting things going on and a lot of positive as well as negative hype. The terms ML and AI are often used interchangeably and techniques are also often described as being inspired by the brain.
In this talk I will explore the history and evolution of these fields, current progress and the challenges in making artificial brains
From the FreshTech 2017 conference by TechExeter
www.techexeter.uk
Basic types of screw fasteners, Bolts of uniform
strength, I.S.O. Metric screw threads, Bolts under
tension, eccentrically loaded bolted joint in shear,
Eccentric load perpendicular and parallel to axis of
bolt, Eccentric load on circular base, design of Turn
Buckle.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
2. Unit1:Introduction to AI & ML
2
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(AI)?
The word Artificial Intelligence comprises of two words
“Artificial” and “Intelligence”. Artificial refers to something
which is made by humans or non-natural thing and Intelligence
means the ability to understand or think.
AI is the study of how to train the computers so that
computers can do things which at present human can do
better. Therefore, AI is an intelligence where we want to add all
the capabilities to machine that human contains.
3. WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING(ML)?
3
MACHINE LEARNING is an application of Artificial intelligence in which
machine can automatically learn on its own and improve from
experience without being explicitly programmed.
ML gives computer that which makes it more similar to humans: The
ability to learn.
Machine learning is a subset of AI that focuses on a narrow range of
activities. It is, in fact, the only real artificial intelligence with some
applications in real-world problems.
4. Introduction
• According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is “The
science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs”. Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a
computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar
manner the intelligent humans think
• Machine Learning (ML) is usually considered as a subfield of AI. ML is a data-
driven approach focused on creating algorithms that has the ability to learn from
the data without being explicitly programmed.
• What is the need of AI?
• AI technology is important because it enables human capabilities –understanding,
reasoning, planning, communication and perception – to be undertaken by
software increasingly effectively, efficiently and at low cost. ... Applications of AI-
powered computer vision will be particularly significant in the transport sector.
4
5. AI Definitions
• The study of how to make programs/computers do things that people do
better
• The study of how to make computers solve problems which require knowledge
and intelligence
• The exciting new effort to make computers think … machines with minds
• The automation of activities that we associate with human thinking (e.g.,
decision-making, learning…)
• The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence
when performed by people
• The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models
• A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms
of computational processes
• The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of
Thinking
machines or
machine
intelligence
Studying
cognitive
faculties
Problem
Solving and
CS
6. So What Is AI?
• AI as a field of study
• Computer Science
• Cognitive Science
• Psychology
• Philosophy
• Linguistics
• Neuroscience
• AI is part science, part engineering
• AI often must study other domains in order to implement systems
• e.g., medicine and medical practices for a medical diagnostic system, engineering and
chemistry to monitor a chemical processing plant
• AI is a belief that the brain is a form of biological computer and that the mind is
computational
• AI has had a concrete impact on society but unlike other areas of CS, the impact is
often
• felt only tangentially (that is, people are not aware that system X has AI)
• felt years after the initial investment in the technology
7. What is Intelligence?
• Is there a “holistic” definition for intelligence?
• Here are some definitions:
• the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience
• a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think
abstractly, comprehend ideas and language, and learn
• is effectively perceiving, interpreting and responding to the environment
• None of these tells us what intelligence is, so instead, maybe we can enumerate a
list of elements that an intelligence must be able to perform:
• perceive, reason and infer, solve problems, learn and adapt, apply common sense, apply
analogy, recall, apply intuition, reach emotional states, achieve self-awareness
• Which of these are necessary for intelligence? Which are sufficient?
• Artificial Intelligence – should we define this in terms of human intelligence?
• does AI have to really be intelligent?
• what is the difference between being intelligent and demonstrating intelligent behavior?
8. History of AI
• [1943-1955] The gestation of artificial intelligence ,McCulloch & Pitts: model of artificial neurons
• Two undergraduate students at Harvard, Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds, built the first neural
network computer in 1950.
• Alan Turing gave lectures on the topic as early as 1947 at the London Mathematical Society and
articulated a persuasive agenda in his 1950 article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence.
• [1956] The birth of artificial intelligence John McCarthy moved to Dartmouth College. He
convinced Minsky, Claude Shannon, and Nathaniel Rochester to help him bring together
U.S. researchers interested in automata theory, neural nets, and the study of intelligence.
• [1952-1969] Early enthusiasm, great expectations of General Problem Solver (GPS). This
program was designed from the start to imitate human problem-solving protocols. Within
the limited class of puzzles it could handle, it turned out that the order in which the
program considered sub goals and possible actions was similar to that in which humans
approached the same problems.
8
9. History of AI
• [1966-1973] A dose of reality ○ Simon stated that within 10 years a computer would be
chess champion, and a significant mathematical theorem would be proved by machine.
• [1974-1980] First AI winter ○ (1966), a report by an advisory committee found that "there
has been no machine translation of general scientific text, and none is in immediate
prospect." All U.S. government funding for academic translation projects was canceled.
• [1980-present] AI becomes an industry ○ The first successful commercial expert system,
RI, began operation at the Digital Equipment Corporation (McDermott, 1982).
• [2001-present] The availability of very large data sets ○ Throughout the 60-year history of
computer science, the emphasis has been on the algorithm as the main subject of study.
But some recent work in Al suggests that for many problems, it makes more sense to
worry about the data and be less picky about what algorithm to apply.
9
10. A Brief History of AI: 1950s
• Computers were thought of as an electronic brains
• Term “Artificial Intelligence” coined by John McCarthy
• John McCarthy also created Lisp in the late 1950s
• Alan Turing defines intelligence as passing the Imitation
Game (Turing Test)
• AI research largely revolves around toy domains
• Computers of the era didn’t have enough power or memory to
solve useful problems
• Problems being researched include
• games (e.g., checkers)
• primitive machine translation
• blocks world (planning and natural language understanding within the
toy domain)
• early neural networks researched: the perceptron
• automated theorem proving and mathematics problem solving
11. The 1960s
• AI attempts to move beyond toy domains
• Syntactic knowledge alone does not work, domain
knowledge required
• Early machine translation could translate English to Russian (“the
spirit is willing but the flesh is weak” becomes “the vodka is good
but the meat is spoiled”)
• Earliest expert system created: Dendral
• Perceptron research comes to a grinding halt when it is
proved that a perceptron cannot learn the X OR operator
• US sponsored research into AI targets specific areas – not
including machine translation
• Weizenbaum creates Eliza to demonstrate the futility of AI
12. 1970s
• AI researchers address real-world problems and solutions through
expert (knowledge-based) systems
• Medical diagnosis
• Speech recognition
• Planning
• Design
• Uncertainty handling implemented
• Fuzzy logic
• Certainty factors
• Bayesian probabilities
• AI begins to get noticed due to these successes
• AI research increased
• AI labs sprouting up everywhere
• AI shells (tools) created
• AI machines available for Lisp programming
• Criticism: AI systems are too brittle, AI systems take too much time
and effort to create, AI systems do not learn
13. 1980s: AI Winter
• Funding dries up leading to the AI Winter
• Too many expectations were not met
• Expert systems took too long to develop, too much money to
invest, the results did not pay off
• Neural Networks to the rescue!
• Expert systems took programming, and took dozens of man-
years of efforts to develop, but if we could get the computer
to learn how to solve the problem…
• Multi-layered back-propagation networks got around the
problems of perceptrons
• Neural network research heavily funded because it promised
to solve the problems that symbolic AI could not
• By 1990, funding for neural network research was
slowly disappearing as well
• Neural networks had their own problems and largely could
not solve a majority of the AI problems being investigated
• Panic! How can AI continue without funding?
14. 1990s: A Life
• The dumbest smart thing you can do is staying alive
• We start over – lets not create intelligence, lets just create
“life” and slowly build towards intelligence
• Alife is the lower bound of AI
• Alife includes
• evolutionary learning techniques (genetic algorithms)
• artificial neural networks for additional forms of learning
• perception and motor control
• adaptive systems
• modeling the environment
• Let’s disguise AI as something new, maybe we’ll get
some funding that way!
• Problems: genetic algorithms are useful in solving some
optimization problems and some search-based problems, but
not very useful for expert problems
• perceptual problems are among the most difficult being
solved, very slow progress
15. Today: The New (Old) AI
• Look around, who is doing AI research?
• By their own admission, AI researchers are not doing “AI”, they are
doing
• Intelligent agents, multi-agent systems/collaboration
• Ontologies
• Machine learning and data mining
• Adaptive and perceptual systems
• Robotics, path planning
• Search engines, filtering, recommendation systems
• Areas of current research interest:
• NLU/Information Retrieval, Speech Recognition
• Planning/Design, Diagnosis/Interpretation
• Sensor Interpretation, Perception, Visual Understanding
• Robotics
• Approaches
• Knowledge-based
• Ontologies
• Probabilistic (HMM, Bayesian Nets)
• Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithms
16. Brain vs. Computer
• In AI, we compare the brain (or the mind) and the
computer
• Our hope: the brain is a form of computer
• Our goal: we can create computer intelligence through
programming just as people become intelligent by learning
But we see that the computer
is not like the brain
The computer performs tasks
without understanding what
its doing
Does the brain understand
what its doing when it solves
problems?
17. Comparison of Artificial Intelligence and Data
Science
• Data Science is a
comprehensive process that
involves pre-processing,
analysis, visualization and
prediction.
• On the other hand, AI is
the implementation of a
predictive model to forecast
future events.
• Data Science comprises of
various statistical techniques
whereas AI makes use of
computer algorithms.
17
18. Need of AI in Mechanical Engineering
• It can be termed as Machine intelligence.
• It combines a wide variety of advanced technologies to give machine
the ability to learn, adapt, make decisions and display behaviors not
explicitly programmed into their original capabilities.
• Different Areas: Robotics, Speech Recognition, Facial Recognition,
navigation mapping, motion, planning, and object recognition.
• Mechanical engineers with AI skills would be required to work on
software which can handle data provided by sensors in components
of power plant, production facility or consumer products. ... Data
collected from Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) can
help predict failures, avoiding any loss of money or life.
18
19. Introduction to Machine Learning
• Machine learning is making great strides
• Large, good data sets
• Compute power
• Progress in algorithms
• Many interesting applications
• commericial
• scientific
• Links with artificial intelligence
• However, AI machine learning
19
20. What are the 5 components of AI
• Research in AI has focused chiefly on the following components of
intelligence: learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and
language-understanding.
• Learning. Learning is distinguished into a number of different forms. ...
• Learning is one of the fundamental building blocks of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions.
• From a conceptual standpoint, learning is a process that improves the knowledge of an
AI program by making observations about its environment.
• Reasoning.
• Problem-solving.
• Perception.
• Language-understanding.
20
21. • Reasoning: plays a great role in the process of artificial Intelligence. Thus Reasoning can be
defined as the logical process of drawing conclusions, making predictions or constructing
approaches towards a particular thought with the help of existing knowledge.
• Problem Solving: In Artificial Intelligence, the users can solve the problem by performing
logical algorithms, utilizing polynomial and differential equations, and executing them using
modeling paradigms. There can be various solutions to a single problem, which are achieved by
different heuristics.
• Knowledge: Representation and reasoning is the field of artificial intelligence (AI) dedicated to
representing information about the world in a form that a computer system can use to solve
complex tasks such as diagnosing a medical condition or having a dialog in a natural language.
• Planning: in Artificial Intelligence is about the decision making tasks performed by the robots
or computer programs to achieve a specific goal. The execution of planning is about choosing
a sequence of actions with a high likelihood to complete the specific task
• Perception: in Artificial Intelligence is the process of interpreting vision, sounds, smell, and
touch. Perception helps to build machines or robots that react like humans. ... The main
difference between AI and robot is that the robot makes actions in the real world.
• Motion: AI is improving robotic motion tasks by breaking down individual joint movements
into motion primitives or sequences of movement. ... For example, when motors and drives
are in upper-level control, AI can respond to and manipulate uncommon changes in real time.
• Manipulation: Will artificial intelligence one day be able to use our cognitive biases against ...
including the possibility of AI that may one day be able to manipulate
21
22. Approaches to AI
• Cybernetics and brain simulation
• Cybernetics and artificial intelligence (AI) are often considered the same thing, with cybernetics
having something to do with creating intelligent cyborgs and robots. ... Cybernetics more broadly
encompasses the study of how systems regulate themselves and take action toward goals based
on feedback from the environment.
• Symbolic
• In the Symbolic approach, AI applications process strings of characters that represent real-world
entities or concepts. Symbols can be arranged in structures such as lists, hierarchies, or networks
and these structures show how symbols relate to each other.
• Sub-symbolic
• Implicit representation is derived from the learning from experience with no symbolic
representation of rules and properties. The main assumption of the subsymbolic paradigm is that
the ability to extract a good model with limited experience makes a model successful.
• Statistical
• It's a process where the AI system gather, organize, analyze and interpret numerical information
from data. More and more industries are applying AL to process improvement in the design and
manufacture of their products. 22
23. Approaches to ML
• Supervised learning
• regression: predict numerical values
• classification: predict categorical values, i.e., labels
• Unsupervised learning
• clustering: group data according to "distance"
• association: find frequent co-occurrences
• link prediction: discover relationships in data
• data reduction: project features to fewer features
• Reinforcement learning
• Reinforcement learning is the training of machine learning models to make a sequence
of decisions.
• To get the machine to do what the programmer wants, the artificial intelligence gets
either rewards or penalties for the actions it performs. Its goal is to maximize the total
reward. 23
24. Text Books
• 1. Deisenroth, Faisal, Ong, Mathematics for Machine Learning,
Cambridge University Press, 2020.
• 2. B Joshi, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Springer, 2020.
• 3. Parag Kulkarni and Prachi Joshi, “Artificial Intelligence – Building
Intelligent Systems”, PHI learning Pvt. Ltd., ISBN – 978-81-203-5046-5,
2015
• 4. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig (1995), “Artificial Intelligence: A
Modern Approach,” Third edition, Pearson, 200
24
25. References Books
• 1. Solanki, Kumar, Nayyar, Emerging Trends and Applications of
Machine Learning, IGI Global, 2018.
• 2. Mohri, Rostamizdeh, Talwalkar, Foundations of Machine Learning,
MIT Press, 2018.
• 3. Kumar, Zindani, Davim, Artificial Intelligence in Mechanical and
Industrial Engineering, CRC Press, 2021.
• 4. Zsolt Nagy - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Fundamentals-Apress (2018)
• 5. Artificial Intelligence by Elaine Rich, Kevin Knight and Nair, TMH
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