This document discusses several theories of phonetic and phonological processes including assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, epenthesis, and metathesis. Assimilation is when a speech sound changes and becomes more like an adjacent sound. There are two types: regressive assimilation changes a following sound, and progressive assimilation changes a preceding sound. Dissimilation is the opposite of assimilation, making two sounds less alike. Deletion removes segments in certain contexts like deleting schwa sounds. Epenthesis inserts segments like adding p sounds. Metathesis reorders segments as in "prescribe" becoming "perscribe".

1. Some others theories in
Phonetic and Phonology
Articulatory Process

2. Assimilation
 a phonological process in which a
speech sound changes and becomes
more like or identical to another sound
that precedes or follows it. For
example, in English the negative
PREFIX appears as im- before words
beginning with a bilabial stop
(e.g. possible:impossible)
but as in- before words beginning with an
alveolar stop
(e.g. tolerant:intolerant).

3. Kinds of assimilation
 Regressive assimilation
 Assimilation in which a following sound brings about a
change in a preceding one
For example, the rounding of the lips during /s/ in swim
is due to the anticipation of the lip action required for
/w/.
 Progressive assimilation
Assimilation in which a preceding sound brings about a
change in a following one
For example, the difference between the /s/ in words
like cats and the /z/ in dogs and the difference between
the final /t/ in dropped and the final /d/ in praised are
examples of progressive assimilation because the final
sound (/s/ or /z/, /t/ or /d/) depends on whether the
preceding consonant is voiced or not.

4. Dissimilation
 The opposite of assimilation, result in
two sounds becoming less alike in
articulatory or acoustic terms. The
resulting sequence of sounds is easier
to articulate and distinguish.
 For example:
fifth /fifθs/ – (fts)
sixth - sixt
surprise - supprise

5. Deletion
 A process that removes a segment from
certain phonetic contexts.
deletion occurs in everyday rapid speech in
many languages.
in English, a schwa (ə) is often deleted when
the next vowel in the word is stressed.
e.g.
deletion of (ə) in English
Slow Speech Rapid Speech
[pəréɪd] [pŗéɪd] parade
[səpəˊʊz] [spəˊʊz] suppose

6. Epenthesis
 A process that inserts a syllabic or
non-syllabic segment within an
existing string of segment.
for example:
word Non-Epenthesis Pr Epenthesis Pron
Something [sʌmθɪŋ] [sʌmpθɪŋ]
Warmth [wɔ:mθ] [wɔ:mpθ]
Tenth [tenθ] [tentθ]

7. Metathesis
 A process that recorders a sequence
of segment. Metathesis often results in
a sequence of phones that is easier to
articulate.
for example:
prescribe – perscribe.
spaghetti – pesghetti.