- The document discusses traditional arts across Asia, focusing on architecture, sculpture, painting, and other art forms in India, China, Japan, and Korea. - Key traditions discussed include Hinduism and Buddhism in India, resulting in architectural forms like stupas and temples, as well as sculptures of figures like the Buddha. Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism are noted as influential in China. - The arts of different Asian cultures are explored through examples of paintings, ceramics, illuminated manuscripts, woodblock prints, gardens, and other media. Regional variations and influences across cultures are also examined.

1. Traditional Arts of Asia Chapter 17

2. India Much of what we now consider as Indian culture was begun by Aryan tribes that invaded around 1500BCE Their system of gods and social structure are the foundation of Indian society Key beliefs are: The universe cycles through creation and destruction Individuals are reincarnated There is one supreme form of wisdom Buddhism was a major influence

3. Historical Map of Asia. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

4. Great Stupa . Sanchi, India. 10 B.C.E. – 15 C.E. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

5. Great Stupa Stupa - domelike structure evolved from burial mounds Has four gates in the four cardinal directions The devout walk around the stupa in a ritual path These were built in sacred locations and often contained relics Relief sculptures cover the gates and depict stories from Buddha’s life without directly depicting him

6. Eastern gate of The Great Stupa . 10 B.C.E. – 15 C.E. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

7. Evolution of Buddhist Architecture . a. Early Indian stupa. 3rd century to early 1st century B.C.E.; b. Later Indian stupa. 2nd century C.E.; c. Chinese pagoda. 5th to 7th centuries C.E.; d. Japanese pagoda. 7th century C.E. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

8. Bodhisattva . N.W. Pakistan, Gandhara region. Late 2nd Century C.E. Kushana period. Overall: 109.5 × 38.1 × 22.9 cm, 89.4 kg (43-1/8" × 15" × 9", 197.09 lb). Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

9. Bodhisattva Bodhisattva-a person who is on the point of achieving enlightenment Gandhara style These figures are often shown wearing rich garments and jewels The sculptor had knowledge of Greek sculpture and techniques

10. Standing Buddha . 5th Century. Height 5'3". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

11. Standing Buddha Gupta style combines Ghandara style naturalism with native Indian ways of seeing Simplified figure Soft, rounded figure enhanced by curves The drapery seems wet and clings to the body Conventions of depicting Buddha: He wears the simple garment of a monk His earlobes are long signifying his earlier life as a prince who wore expensive earrings The topknot on his head signifies enlightenment

12. Kandarya Mahadeva Temple The Hindu temple becomes the major architectural form of India Typically has two parts: Porch for purification Womb chamber where an image of the god is kept The rounded projecting forms symbolize male and female sexuality

13. Kandarya Mahadeva Temple . Khajurãho, India. Exterior. 10th–11th Centuries. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

14. Scene from Kandarya Mahadeva Temple . Erotic reliefs. Chandella dynasty, 1025–1050 C.E. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

15. Erotic Relief from Kandarya Mahadeva Temple Erotic scenes cover the outside of the structure In Hindu belief, union with God is related to the sensual pleasure of erotic love An allegory for spritual union

16. Nataraja, Shiva as King of Dance . South India. Chola Period, 11th Century. Height: 111.5 cm. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

17. Shiva as King of Dance Shiva is the god of the creation, preservation, dissolution, and re-creation of the world Shiva is performing the cosmic dance in the orb of the sun The circle of flame is the purifying fire of destruction and creation He taps on a small drum to mark cosmic rhythm The sculpture strongly implies movement

18. China Chinese civilization is characterized by three traditions: Confucianism Daoism Buddhism

19. Terra Cotta Warriors . Pit No. 1, Museum of the First Emperor of Qin. Shaanxi Province, China. Qin dynasty. c. 210 B.C.E. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

20. Terra Cotta Warriors Emporor Qin ordered an army of clay soldiers to protect him in the afterlife 6000 life-size sculptures protect his tomb

21. Watching the Deer by a Pin-Shaded Stream by Ma Yuan Traditional Chinese Painting has two major focal points: Calligraphy Landscape Most landscapes did not depict an actual location, but a creation by the artist A poetic, smaller landscape Meticulous brushwork “ one-corner Ma”-he was called this because of his tendency to leave large portions of the work unpainted

22. Ma Yuan. Watching the Deer by a Pine-Shaded Stream . Southern Song Dynasty. 24.2 × 25.4 cm. 9-1/2" × 10". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

23. Porcelain Plate . Chinese. Late Yuan dynasty. Mid-14th Century. Diameter 18". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

25. Porcelain Plate The Chinese had a rare clay (porcelain) that turns pure white when fired Traditionally these are decorated with blue because it was the only color that could withstand the high firing temperatures needed for the porcelain

26. Avatamaska Sutra ( Hwaomgyong ), Vol. 12 13th–14th Century. Korea, Goryeo period. 8" × 17-1/4". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

27. Avatamaska Sutra Sutra - book of Buddhist teachings A book page illustrated using fine strands of gold and silver

28. Japan The indigenous religion of Japan is an ancient form of nature and ancestor worship called Shinto God dwells in nature

29. Main Shrine . Ise, Japan. c. 685. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

31. Main Shrine, Ise At a sacred site in a forest The Main Shrine is rebuilt every twenty years in an elaborate ceremony The structure is left pure: no paint, no nailsTawaraya Sotatsu. Waves at Matsushima . 17th Century. Japanese, Edo period. 152.0 × 369.9 cm. 59-7/8" × 145-1/2".

32. Kitagawa Utamaro. Reflected Beauty, Seven Beauties Applying Make-Up: Okita . c. 1790. 14-1/4" × 9-1/2". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

33. Reflected Beauty by Kitagawa Utamaro Woodcut printing became very popular The prints are called ukiyo-e: pictures of the floating world They depict scenes of daily life Bold outlines and clear un-shaded shapes Detached Palace . Kyoto, Japan. Gardens and tea house. 17th Century.