This document provides an introduction to embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines an embedded system as a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system. Embedded systems typically use microcontrollers as the central processing unit. The document discusses the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, with microcontrollers having integrated memory and peripherals. It provides examples of common microcontroller architectures like the 8051, AVR, PIC and others. Finally, it describes the Atmel AVR microcontroller in more detail, including the pin configurations of the Atmega 8 and Atmega 16 chips.

1. INTRODUTION TO EMBEDDED
SYSTEM N
ROBOTICS

3. LCD Display

5. EMBEDDED System???....
1)An embedded system is a special-
purpose computer system
designed to perform one or a few
dedicated functions.
2) Physically, embedded systems range
from portable devices such as digital
watches and MP4 player to large
stationary installations like traffic lights,
factory controllers, or the systems
controlling nuclear power plants.

6. Embedded system:- An intro.
An embedded system is a computer system
designed for specific control functions within a
larger system .
• Embedded systems contain processing cores
that are typically Microcontrollers .

7. Application of Embedded system

9. MECHANICAL
MODULE
SOFTWARE
MODULE ROBOT ELECTRICAL
MODULE
ELECTRONICS
MODULE

10. Microprocessor
1) A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a
computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a
single integrated circuit.
2) It is a multipurpose, programmable device that
accepts digital data as input, processes it according
to instructions stored in its memory, and provides
results as output

11. MICROCONTROLLER ??? …
• microcontroller (also microcontroller unit,
MCU or µC) is a small computer on a single
integrate circuit consisting of a relatively
simple CPU .

13. Microprocessor v/s Microcontroller
Microprocessor: Microcontroller:
• Memory is not there. • It has owes Memory.
• Microprocessor only • Microcontroller can
process the i/o data. also process the data.
• Microprocessor has more • A Microcontroller is
generalized functions. more specific to its task.
• Brain of any computing • Microcontroller is
machine. complete
Computing machine.

14. Simple difference between
Microprocessor and Microcontroller
1) Microprocessor = CPU
2) Microcontroller = CPU + Peripherals + Memory
3) Peripherals = Ports + Clock + Timers + UART +
ADC +DAC
+ other stuff
4) Memory = EEPROM + SRAM + EPROM + Flash

15. Types of microcontrollers(arch.)
1) 8051
2) AVR
3) PIC
4) PSoC
5) 68HC 11
6) eZ8,eZ80
7) Etc…

16. Atmel AVR
The AVR is a Modified Harvard architecture 8-
bitRISC single chip microcontroller (µC) which was
developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of
the first microcontroller families to use on-chip
flash memory for program storage, as opposed to
One-Time Programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM
used by other microcontrollers at the time.

19. AVR classification:-
AVR
ATMEGA
ATMEGA 8 ,
ATMEGA16,ATMEGA32,
ATMEGA 128

20. Atmega 8

21. Atmega 16

22. •
Pin configuration of Atmega 8
•
•
•
• • VCC
• • GND
•
• • Port A (PA7..PA0)
•
• • Port B (PB7..PB0)
•
• • Port C (PC7..PC0)
•
• • Port D (PD7..PD0)
•
• • RESET
•
• • XTAL1
•
• • XTAL2
•
• • AVCC
• • AREF
•