Measures of central tendency include the mode, median, mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean. The arithmetic mean is the sum of all values divided by the sample size. The geometric mean is the nth root of the product of n values. The harmonic mean is equal to the sample size divided by the sum of the reciprocals of the values. The median is the middle value when observations are ranked from smallest to largest. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the sample.

3. Measures of Central Tendency
Presented to,
Dr. Muhammad Sarwar
Presented by,
Syeda Mehvish Dildar

4. Measure Comment
Mode
Median
Arithmetic Mean
Geometric Mean
Harmonic Mean
Nominal and Higher
Ordinal and Higher
Interval and Higher
Ratio and Higher
Ratio and Higher

5. Central Tendency
The phrase measures of central
tendency, refers to the set of
measures that reflect where on
the scale the distribution is
centered.

6. The Arithmetic Mean
The arithmetic mean, is defined
as the sum over all of the values
of a variable, divided by the
sample size.

7. The Geometric Mean
The geometric mean, is
defined as the n-th root of the
product of a set of n values.

8. The harmonic mean
Defined
The harmonic mean, H, is equal
to the sample size divided by
the sum of the reciprocal of a
set of values:

9. Median
The median is the middle
value when the
observations on a variable
are ranked from smallest to
largest.

10. The position of the median value
can then be calculated using the
following formula:
Median Location=

11. • If the values are an even number of
data points:
(1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6,)
•The formula would tell us to look in
the 5.5th
place, which we can’t really
do.
•However we take the average of 5th
and 6th
values to give us the median.
Median= 3.5

12. The statistical Mode
method
The mode is the value of a
variable that occurs most
frequently in the sample.