The document describes a project for a blind aid navigation system using Arduino technology, incorporating ultrasonic and dark sensors for obstacle detection and environmental awareness. It details the components and working principles of the system, including the Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensors, buzzer, and vibration motor, as well as future enhancements like GPS and GSM integration for improved guidance. The project aims to create a low-cost, effective solution for navigating safely in various environments, ultimately enhancing the independence of blind individuals.

1. Arduino
Blind Aid

2. Blind Navigation by using Arduino is about the
project that helps blind community to get better
access to the environment. The design is
incorporated with Ultrasonic sensor for
Obstacle detection and a dark sensor for
detecting darkness and a buzzer to alert the
blind. Ultrasonic sensors are used to calculate
the distance of the obstacle around the blind
person.
Introduction

3. This model includes two
different detectors.
-Obstacle Detector
-Dark Detector

4. Arduino Uno
9 V battery
3 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensors
Bread board
Buzzer
Vibration Motor
Slide Switch
Jumper wires
Components used in
Obstacle Detector

5. • The Arduino UNO is a standard board of Arduino. Here UNO means
'one' in Italian.
• It was named as UNO to label the first release of Arduino Software. It
was also the first USB board released by Arduino.
• It is considered as the powerful board used in various projects.
Arduino.cc developed the Arduino UNO board.
• Arduino UNO is based on an ATmega328P microcontroller. It is easy
to use compared to other boards, such as the Arduino Mega board,
etc.
• The board consists of digital and analog Input/Output pins (I/O),
shields, and other circuits.
• The Arduino UNO includes 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital pins,
a USB connector, a power jack, and an ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header.
• It is programmed based on IDE, which stands for Integrated
Development Environment. It can run on both online and offline
platforms.
Arduino Uno

6. Arduino Uno

7. Ultrasonic sensors works on a principle similar to radar or
sonar which evaluates attributes of a target by interpreting
the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively.
Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and
evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor.
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic
sensor

8. • The Ultrasonic Sensor is a Transceiver Module (Transmitter
+ Receiver).
• It transmits High Frequency Ultrasonic Waves of frequency
greater than 20 KHz.
• Intercepts the waves reflected by an obstacle.
• Electrical Signals ↔ Ultrasonic Signals ↔ Electrical Signals

9. Working Principle

10. Working Principle

11. Working Principle

12. Pin Configuration

13. • It provides 2 - 400 cm non-contact measurement
function.
• Operating Voltage : 5V
• Working Frequency : 40 KHz
• Trigger Input Signal : 10μs TTL pulse
Specifications

14. Piezoelectric Buzzer
• A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, commonly consists
of a number of switches or sensors connected to a control
unit that determines if and which button was pushed or a
preset time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the
appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in
the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping
sound.

15. Vibration Motor
• A vibrating motor is essentially a motor that is improperly balanced. In
other words, there is an off-centered weight attached to the motor's
rotational shaft that causes the motor to wobble. The amount of
wobble can be changed by the amount of weight attached, the
weight's distance from the shaft, and the speed at which the motor
spins.
• Vibrating motors can be found inside cell phones, pagers, gaming
controllers.

16. Flow chart of the detector

17. Circuit Diagram

18. Code

19. 9 V battery
Timer 555 IC
Piezoelectric Buzzer
LDR sensor
3 5K ohms resistor
2 Capacitors
Jumper wires
Components used
in Dark Detector

20. The 555 Timer IC got its name from the three 5KΩ resistors
that are used in its voltage divider network. This IC is useful
for generating accurate time delays and oscillations. This 555
Timer IC can be operated with a DC supply of +5V to +18V. It
is mainly useful for generating non-sinusoidal wave forms
like square, ramp, pulse & etc
Timer 555 IC

21. Functional Diagram
Of Timer 555 IC

22. Wave generation

23. LDR is a photoresistor.Its resistance depends on intensity of
electromagnetic radiation falling on it.When sufficient
amount of light falls on it ,its resistance will be low otherwise
it will be high.
LDR

24. Circuit Diagram

25. • Ultrasonic sensor is used for obstacle avoidance. The vibrator
vibrates when an obstacle is encountered which helps in
alerting the blind person and allows enough time to change
their path.
• Dark sensor is useful at late evenings and night. It alerts the
blind person that the surrounding area is getting darker and
alerts him with a buzzer.
Usage of different sensors

26. The project proposed the design and architecture of a new
concept of Smart Electronic Guiding Stick for blind people.
The advantage of the system lies in the fact that it can prove
to be very low cost solution to millions of blind person
worldwide. The proposed combination of various working
units makes a real-time system that monitors position of the
user and provides dual feedback making navigation more
safe and secure. It can be further improved to have more
decision taking capabilities by employing varied types of
sensors and thus could be used for different applications. It
aims to solve the problems faced by the blind people in their
daily life. The system also takes measures to ensure their
safety.
Conclusion

27. It can be further enhanced by using VLSI technology to
design the PCB unit. This makes the system further
more compact. Also, use of active RFID tags will
transmit the location information automatically to the
PCB unit, when the intelligent stick is in its range. The
RFID sensor doesn’t have to read it explicitly. The
global position of the user is obtained using the global
positioning system (GPS), and their current position
and guidance to their destination will be given to the
user by voice.
Future Scope

28. • GPS(Global positioning System)is a satellite navigation system
used to determined the ground position of an object.
• The satellites are evenly spread so that satellites are accessible
via direct line-of-sight anywhere on the globe. The navigation
messages are broadcast at a rate of 50 bits per second.
• Utilizing this collocation of data, GPS receiver in order to
generate position data.
GPS Module

29. • GSM (Global system for mobile communication) is a
digital mobile telephony system that is widely used all
over the world.
• A GSM module requires a SIM (Subscriber’s identity
module) card to be operated and operated over a
network range subscribed by the network operated.
• It can be connected to a Arduino through cable or
Bluetooth connection.
• The digital system has an ability to carry 64 kbps to
120mbps of data rates.
GSM Module

30. SMS Output

31. Nischinth
Yogiraj
Mani Teja
Mukthesh
01
02
03
04
Team Mates
05 Rohith

32. Thank
You