This document describes an ultrasonic distance measuring device to help blind people navigate safely. The device uses an Arduino, ultrasonic sensor, LCD display and speaker to detect objects and alert users to distances. It sends ultrasonic pulses and calculates distance based on travel time. The device enhances blind users' ability to identify distances and estimate spaces between objects. There is potential to add a camera and identify objects' names in the future. The conclusion is that the project successfully detects object distances and angles using ultrasonic sensors to help blind people navigate.

1. Distance measuring using
ultra sonic sensor

2. Abstract :-
In preset society blind people are facing many problems in according to that the device which we
made can help them to over come one of the problem in their life. This device is used to detect the
distance of an object in front of them so that they can walk perfectly on the roads. This device
cannot solve all the problems but the minor solution is here. This is very helpful for the blind to
walk in a selected path with out any fear. It is simple to operate and affordable price.

3. COMPONENTS :-
 Arduino UNO
• The UNO is the best board to get started with electronics and coding.
• The UNO is the most robust board you can start playing with.
 Jumper cables
• Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female and female-to-
female.
• The difference between each is in the end point of the wire.
• Male ends have a pin protruding and can plug into things, while female ends do not and are used
to plug things into.

4. Bread board
• A breadboard, or protoboard, is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.
• Originally the word referred to a literal bread board, a polished piece of wood used when slicing
bread.
 Ultra sonic sensor
• An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic
sound waves.
• An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back
information about an object's proximity.

5.  LCD Display
• A LED display is a flat panel display that uses an array of light-emitting diodes as pixels for a video
display.
• Their brightness allows them to be used outdoors where they are visible in the sun for store signs
and billboards.
 12V Adapter
An AC adapter, AC/DC adapter, or AC/DC converter is a type of external power supply, often
enclosed in a case similar to an AC Plug. Other common names include plug pack, plug-in
adapter, adapter block, domestic mains adapter, line power adapter, wall wart, power brick, wall
charger,and power adapter.

6.  Speaker Module
The Sound Recorder Module uses the ISD1760 Chip to record and store voice signals. ISD1700
series recording chip is a kind of high integration, high performance chip. This module can be
multiple recording, the sampling rate can be set to 6k or 8k by the on-board resistor. There are
also some inside sounds to remind the user working state of the module, such as record
beginning, record stopping, record erasing , etc. The recording data is stored in the FLASH,
without any compression to ensure a good quality.
Speaker
• A speaker is an output device. the purpose of a speaker is to produce audio output that can be
heard by the listener.
• Speakers are transducers that convert electromagnetic waves into sound waves.

7. Block diagram
Flow chart of distance measuring using ultra sonic sensor

8. Circuit diagram :-

9. Pin Diagram

10. Procedure :-
5V of Arduino is connected to positive terminal of bread board.
GND of Arduino is connected to negative of bread board.
Sonar VCC is connected to 5V of Arduino.
GND of sonar is connected bread board ground.
TRIG is connected to Arduino pin13.
ECHO is connected to Arduino pin12.
Lcd display is connected to Arduino uno.
Now connection is closed.
Program is dumped into Arduino.

11. WORKING
The working principle of this module is simple. It sends an ultrasonic pulse out at 40kHz which travels
through the air and if there is an obstacle or object, it will bounce back to the sensor. By calculating the
travel time and the speed of sound, the distance can be calculated. Ultrasonic sensors are a great solution
for the detection of clear objects. For liquid level measurement, applications that use infrared sensors, for
instance, struggle with this particular use case because of target translucence. For presence detection,
ultrasonic sensors detect objects regardless of the colour, surface, or material (unless the material is very
soft like wool, as it would absorb sound.) To detect transparent and other items where optical technologies
may fail, ultrasonic sensors are a reliable choice.

12. RESULT :-
❖ Blind people ability to identify and estimate the distance between any two objects is enhanced by using this equipment.
❖ Blind people can check the distance with the assistance of the speaker module that is included.

13. Future scope :-
For the present mode we want to add the raspberry pi and camera to the screen to identify the object in
front of the with distance so they can go safely in their path.
On further we can advance it by attaching it to the Bluetooth buds so they can hear the object name and
distance in front of them.

14. CONCLUSION
This project was aimed to plan and execute an object detection system using ultrasonic sensors with
distance estimation. This project was successful in detecting the exact distance object and calculating the
angle or direction of the object from the servo motor. The proposed system has only small error while
calculating the objects which are near to the sensor but is accurate in calculating the objects which are far
from the sensor. This project is very efficient in detecting objects and calculating the exact distance of
objects.