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Archimedes Principle

The document discusses the life and contributions of Archimedes, a prominent mathematician and inventor from ancient Greece. It highlights his significant discoveries, including the principle of buoyancy and the Archimedes' screw, along with practical applications of buoyancy in ships and submarines. Additionally, it touches on the principles of density and buoyant force relating to various objects, illustrating how they behave in fluids.

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BAHRIA UNIVERSITY LAHORE CAMPUS (CIVIC CENTER JOHAR TOWN LAHORE) NAME: FARAZ QURESHI SAFI ULLAH SHAHID CLASS: BS(CS)1 SUBJECT: PHYSICS INCHARGE: SIR ZAIN
Archimedes was one of the greatest mathematicians in history. He was also a great inventor and scientist. Born in Syracuse, Sicily (then part of Greece), in about 287 B.C. Archimedes was obsessed with mathematics. He would become so involved in his work that he would forget to eat. Out of this obsession came many of his greatest theories and proofs, such as the means for approximating square roots, the value of pi (the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter), and the creation of a way to describe very large numbers. He also devised methods for calculating areas and volumes 2,000 years before the invention of calculus. In addition, Archimedes proved that the volume of a sphere is two-thirds the volume of a circumscribed cylinder. Archimedes was well known for his inventions and scientific discoveries. The most famous of these were the Archimedes' Screw (a device for raising water that is still used in crop irrigation and sewage treatment plants today) and Archimedes' principle of buoyancy. Legend has it that he discovered this principle while in the bath, where he noticed that the more of his body he submerged in the water, the greater the amount of water that over-flowed the bath. Upon making this discovery, he is said to have run naked through the streets of Syracuse, shouting "Eureka!" (Greek for "I have found it!").
Archimedes Principle states that when a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid, it experiences an apparent loss in weight due to up thrust force and this apparent loss in weight is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body
is an upward force resulting from an object being wholly or partially immersed in a fluid.
The weight of an object in air is its actual weight . The weight measured when the object is immersed in a fluid is its apparent weight. The apparent weight loss of the object is due to buoyant force.
The actual weight which acts downwards . The buoyant force which acts upwards.
 Although a ship is constructed of metal, which has a Larger density than water, its shape is hollow so that the overall density of the ship is smaller than the sea water.  As a result, the buoyant force acting on the ship is large enough to support its weight.
A submarine has a large blast Tank, which is used to control its position and depth from the surface of the sea. When a blast tanks are filled with water, its buoyant force is smaller then the weight of submarine. So the submarine is sink When a blast tanks are filled with air, its buoyant force is larger then the weight of submarine. So the submarine is float.
When the envelope of a balloon is filed with a gas of lower density that air such as Hydrogen, Helium or hot air, its weight decreases. Hot air has a lower density than surrounding air resulting in a bigger up thrust that cause the balloon to rise. Its means the buoyant force is larger than the total weight of the balloon.
Air ships is filled with helium Gas. Helium gas has density lower than the surrounding air, hence the up thrust which higher than the weight of the airship can be produced and cause the air ship float the air.
Hydrometer is used to measure relative density of liquids. How deep the hydrometer sink into the liquid is affect by the density.
Archimedes Principle