This document covers basic concepts of Arabic grammar, focusing on the gender of nouns, specifically distinguishing between masculine and feminine forms. It explains the usage of the 'tah marboota' for gender differentiation and provides structures for forming questions and ownership in sentences. Additionally, it introduces conversational phrases like greetings and the vocative case.

1. Lesson 2
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2. Gender
Arabic nouns have gender. They can be masculine
and feminine.
‫جدة‬ ‫جد‬
‫جد‬ ‫جد‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬
The ‘tah marboota’ is often how
we tell masculine and feminine
nouns apart
What is the difference between these two words?

3. This – ‫االشارة‬ ‫اسماء‬
This is a pen.
This is a ruler.
But, in Arabic we differentiate
between masculine and feminine……
This a pen.
This a ruler.
In Arabic we say:

4. This – ‫االشارة‬ ‫اسماء‬
Pen is a masculine noun.
Ruler is a feminine noun.
‫هذا‬
‫هذه‬
So in Arabic we have two words that
correspond to the English “this”:
masculine
feminine

5. Pen is a masculine noun.
Ruler is a feminine noun.
‫هذه‬‫مسطرة‬.
So in Arabic we would say:
‫هذا‬‫قلم‬.
This – ‫االشارة‬ ‫اسماء‬

6. Match the following.
‫هذا‬
‫عم‬
‫عمة‬
‫ولد‬
‫بنت‬
‫هذه‬
‫هذا‬
‫هذه‬
This – ‫االشارة‬ ‫اسماء‬

7. My - ‫ي‬
Brother + MY = My Brother
‫أخ‬+‫ي‬=‫أخ‬‫ي‬
Mum + MY = My mum.
‫أم‬+‫ي‬=‫أم‬‫ي‬

8. I - ‫أنا‬
Arabic has no ‘copula’ verb.
‫أنا‬‫أحمد‬.
I am Ahmed.
Or you can say “my name is”:
‫أنا‬‫اسم‬‫ي‬‫أحمد‬.

9. We - ‫نحن‬
Arabic has no ‘copula’ verb.
‫نحن‬‫لة‬ِ‫ئ‬‫عا‬.
We are (a) family.

10. Our - ‫نا‬
God + Our = Our God.
‫رب‬+‫نا‬=‫رب‬‫نا‬

11. Basic ownership
To say that a pen belongs to a certain
person you construct the following
phrase..
‫هذا‬
‫هذه‬
‫قلم‬‫عائشة‬.
‫مسطرة‬‫عائشة‬.

12. Questions – ‫اسئلة‬
The first question structure we can form is:
What is this?
The word what is:
This word is used to ask about
animals or things.

13. Questions – ‫اسئلة‬
What + this =
‫محمد‬ ‫قاموس‬ ‫هذا‬.
‫قاموس‬ ‫هذا‬.‫قصة‬ ‫هذه‬.
‫قصة‬ ‫هذه‬‫محمد‬.
Technically

14. Questions – ‫اسئلة‬
What + this =
‫محمد‬ ‫قاموس‬ ‫هذا‬.
‫قاموس‬ ‫هذا‬.‫قصة‬ ‫هذه‬.
‫قصة‬ ‫هذه‬‫محمد‬.
In reality if you are inquiring
about what something is you
would not know the gender.
People will respond correctly.

15. Questions – ‫اسئلة‬
The second question structure we can form is:
Who is this?
The word “who” is:
This word is used to
ask about people.

16. Questions – ‫اسئلة‬
Who + this =
‫علي‬ ‫هذا‬.‫أمينة‬ ‫هذه‬.

17. Conversation
How are you?

18. VocativeCase –‫النداء‬ ‫يا‬
How are you O’ Sameer?
‫يا‬‫سمير؟‬