Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, involving the production and marketing of both plant and animal species under controlled conditions. Pisciculture, a sub-field, focuses on the breeding and rearing of fish in various water bodies, providing significant economic benefits in regions like India. The document also outlines different methods of pisciculture, the lifecycle of fish from breeding to marketing, and the nutritional importance of fish in human diets.

1. AQUACULTURE

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24. Aquaculture is a branch of science
that deals with the farming of aquatic
organisms for business that involves
the production and marketing of:
 aquatic organisms
 both plants and animals, under
controlled conditions.
Aquaculture includes culture of:
Prawn, lobsters, fish, pearl oysters,
mussels and crabs.
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26. The process of rearing and
breeding of fishes in rivers,
streams, ponds, irrigation canals
and paddy fields is known as
pisciculture.

27. o Pisciculture plays an important role in
Indian economy.
 It provides employment and income to
millions of fishermen and farmers,
particularly in the coastal areas.
Factors to be considered for pisciculture:
1.Topography or location of pond
2. Water resources and quality of water
3. Quality of soil (Nutrients)
4. Temperature of water
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28. FRESH WATER
BRACKISH WATER
MARINE WATER
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29. Extensive
Pisciculture
Intensive
Pisciculture
Monoculture Polyculture
Integrated
Pisciculture
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30.  Extensive
Pisciculture -
growing fish on
natural feed.
ExTEnsivE PisCiCULTURE
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31.  Intensive Pisciculture
- Growing fish on
artificial feed to
maximize production.
inTEnsivE PisCiCULTURE
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32.  Monoculture -
Growing a single
type of fish in a
water body
MonoCULTURE
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33.  Polyculture - Growing
one type of fish or
more types of fishes
with different feeding
habits together in a
waterbody.
PoLyCULTURE
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34. Integrated Pisciculture
- Growing fish
along with agricultural
crops or other
animals.
inTEgRATEd PisCiCULTURE
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35. Breeding
Hatching
Nursing
Rearing
Stocking
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36. Breeding ponds –
Sexually mature males and
females are collected and left in
these ponds for breeding.
These ponds are prepared near the
rivers or other natural water
resources.
BREEding Ponds
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38. Natural breeding (Bund breeding)
 These are special types of ponds
where natural riverine conditions or
any natural water resources are
managed for breeding of culturable
fishes.
 It constructed in large low-lying
areas that can accommodate large
quantity of rain water.
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40.  Fish seed is collected
from breeding ponds.
 The spawn collecting net
is commonly called
Benchijal (Shooting net)
and transferred to the
hatching pits
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41. Hatchery ponds - The
seeds collected from
breeding ponds are
delivered here in order to
hatch young fishes called
fish fries.
HATCHERy Ponds
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42.  Hatching pits should be smaller in size
with good quality water & nearer to the
breeding grounds, fertilized eggs are
kept in. There are two types of hatching
pits,
 i) Hatcheries - small sized pond -
unfertilized eggs are transferred.
 ii) Hatching hapas - rectangular
trough shaped tanks made up of
mosquito net cloth supported by
bamboo poles and fixed in the river
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43. Nursery pond - 3 to
5 day old fish fries
are retained here for
about 20 days and
fed well.
nURsERy Pond
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44. Rearing ponds - These are
deeper ponds where fish
fries from the nursery ponds
are transferred and
maintained for about three
months. The fish fries grow
to a size of about 125 mm in
length and are now called
fish fingerlings.
REARing Ponds
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45. Stocking ponds - These are
larger ponds and the
fingerlings are fed with
artificial feed.
Organic and inorganic
fertilizers are used to increase
their size.
Antibiotics are used to prevent
infectious diseases.
sToCking Ponds
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46.  Well grown fishes are taken out for
marketing. Small sized fishes are again
released into the stocking ponds for further
growth.
 Different methods of fishing are carried out
to harvest fishes. These include Stranding,
Angling, Traps, Dipnets, Cast nets, Gill nets,
Drag nets and purse nets.
 The harvested fishes are preserved by
refrigeration, Deep freezing, freeze drying,
sun drying, salting, smoking and canning.
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47.  High growth rate in short period for culture
 They should accept supplementary diet.
 They should be hardy enough to resist some common
diseases and infection of parasites.
 Fishes proposed for polyculture should be able to live
together without interfering or attacking other fishes.
 They should have high conversion efficiency so that they can
effectively utilize the food.
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48.  Cultivable fish are of 3 types.
 Indigenous or native fresh water
fishes (Major carps, Catla,
Labeo, Clarias)
 Salt water fishes acclimatized
for fresh water (Chanos, Mullet).
 Exotic fishes or imported from
other counties (Common carps)
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49. BRACkisH WATER FisHEs
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59.  Feed on zooplanktons and
phytoplankton's, decaying
weeds, debris and other
aquatic plants.
 They can survive in turbid
water with slightly higher
temperature
 Can tolerate O2 variations in
water.
 Can be transported from one
place to other easily.
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61.  The fishes imported into a
country for fish culture are
called exotic fishes and such
fish culture is known as exotic
fish culture. Examples of such
exotic fishes introduced in
India are Cyprinus carpio and
Oreochromis mossambicus.
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64.  Diseases can be of viral or
bacterial origin. Regular
monitoring of parameters
like water quality, aeration,
regular feeding, observation
for mortality should be
checked. Parasitic
infestations and microbial
infections should be
observed periodically.
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65.  Fishes form a rich source of protein
high amino acids concentrations
particularly histidine omega 3 fatty
acids, minerals such as calcium,
magnesium, phosphorus, potassium,
iron, manganese, iodine and copper.
 Fish liver oil is derived from the liver
which is rich in vitamin A and D,
whereas fish body oil has high
content of iodine, not suitable for
human consumption, but is used in
the manufacture of laundry soaps,
paints and cosmetics.
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66.  It’s prepared from fish
waste after extracting oil
from the fish. The dried
wastes are used to prepare
food for pig, poultry and
cattle. The wastes obtained
during the preparation of
fish meal are widely used
as manure.
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67.  High-grade collagen produced
from dried air bladder or swim
bladder of certain fishes viz.
catfish and carps. The
processed bladder which is
dissolved in hot water forms a
gelatin having adhesive
property. It is primarily used
for clarification of wine, beer
and vinegar.
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68. “SCIENCE READER”
 Tamil Nadu text book
 NCERT Books
 Google Images
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