- A 19-month-old boy presented with generalized body swelling that began 3 months prior and gradually progressed. On examination, he had generalized edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, pallor, and mild jaundice.
- Differential diagnoses included cardiac causes like congestive heart failure, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and constrictive pericarditis as well as hepatic causes such as viral hepatitis, metabolic diseases, or malignancy.
- Imaging showed markedly enlarged liver with dilated hepatic veins and IVC, ascites, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion. This was consistent with restrictive cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure.
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
constipation in children , pediatric constipation , management of constipation in children , understanding constipation , causes of constipation in children , functional constipation in children , treatment of constipation ,approach to constipation in children ,constipation in infants
CONTENTS:
GENERAL
NORMAL FLUID CIRCULATION
EDEMA- INTRODUCTION
CAUSES
CLASSIFICATION
MAJOR TYPES
NOTE- Fonts may appear weird because the original fonts are different from the ones visible here.
A comparison between Nephritic and Nephrotic syndrome from Professor Hossam Mowafy Internal Medicine textbook nephrology section, Please inform me if there is any error or wrong information include.
GMEC - Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances in Emergency NursingOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Chauntel Henry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Toxemia of pregnancy: Definition,risk factors,Clinical features,management of pre-eclampsia. Nursing students will understand toxemia of pregnancy .Jasleen Kaur
Similar to Approach to child with generalized edema (20)
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
3. - History of present illness started
- 3 months earlier
- Gradual onset swelling
- 1st in the eyelids (puffy eyes) & LL
- Progressive in course
- Seen in private clinics several times but no
settled dx where made
- Ŕ by diuretics with temporary relief of
edema.
4. -
-
The swelling eventually involve the entire
body
Face + abdomen + genetalia + LL
Last 2 weeks
Yellowish discoloration of the sclera
Associated with low-grade fever
5.
-
-
-
-
Positive hx & Negative hx
General; decreased activity, poor feeding,
& Wt gain
Skin; yellowish discoloration, itching of
the scalp + hands + umbilicus,
Cardiac; sweating and tiring with feeding,
dyspnea started @ 3 months of age
Respiratory; prolonged cough started @ 3
months of age and subsided with the start
of recent complain
6. -
-
-
GIT; anorexia, nausea, vomiting, No
diarrhea with normal daily bowel motion
and normal color.
Genito-urinary; No difficulty with
urination, No hematuria, No frothy urine,
ONLY decreased urine output
CNS; only irritability, NO abnormal
movement, NO fits, or seizures, or
weakness
7. - Hematological; only pallor, NO hx of skin
rash, bruises or bleeding
- Musculoskeletal; No joint swelling or pain
8. -
-
-
No hx of similar attack
Hx of fever with skin rash twice @ age of
3 months & 6 months
Hx of prolonged cough since 3 months of
age treated several times @ private clinics
as chest infections but no admissions
No hx of operations, trauma, allergy or
ch. Medical diseases
9. -
-
-
Product of FT, NSVD @ hospital.
Pregnancy with antenatal care with no
major problems
No perinatal complications
Average birth weight
No cyanosis or jaundice, NO neonatal
resuscitation or admissions
10. -
-
-
Exclusive breast feeding in 1st 3 months
Bottle feeding started @ 4 months of age
with adequate amount &
concentration(fabimilk formula 1 & 2)
besides breast feeding ( till 9 months)
Formula changed to Nido milk & 10 months
of age
Weaning started @ 8 months of age with
rice, cheese, & biscuits.
11. -
-
Immunization hx up-to-date except the
last measles dose
Developmental hx appropriate as his
previous siblings (but motor development
decreased markedly with the recent
disease)
12. 55y
18y
17y
2y
33y
14y
12y
11y
8y
Father (DM & HTN) & smoker
Mother ( 1 abortion, No still births
3rd girl sibling died @ 2y of age from ch. GE + vomiting with
rickets
Other siblings healthy, no similar condition or renal disease in
the family
19 m
32. -
-
Markedly enlarged liver
Retrograde filling of dilated IVC & hepatic
veins, with no signs of thrombotic changes or
obstructing agent, reflecting passive hepatic
congestion related to cardiac cause
Large amount of ascites
Prominent dilatation of both atrium with
relatively small ventricles & mild to moderate
Rt. Sided pleural effusion
37.
Accumulation of excess interstitial fluid and
could be localized or generalized.
Edema results from either excess salt &
water retention or from increased transfer
of fluid across the capillary membranes.
Understanding of the Pathophysiology of
edema is important in the clinical approach
and management of this condition in children.
38. Distribution:
1- Anasarca; gross, generalized edema with
profound subcutaneous tissue swelling.
2- Localized edema; does not reflect a sustained
impairment in the ability to maintain normal Na
balance.
3- Special forms of fluid collections in the
different body cavities
Hydrothorax (in pleural cavity)
Hydropericardium (in pericardial cavity)
Ascites (in peritoneal cavity)
39.
Generalized edema can arise via two
different processes;
Reduced intravascular volume leading to Na
& water retention → under-filling edema
Na & water retention secondary to expanded
plasma & intracellular tissue fluid volume
accompanied by lack of natriuresis → overfilling edema.
40.
Mechanism of under-filling edema
Initiated with ↑↑ glomerular permeability to
albumin → albuminuria → hypoalbuminemia →
↓↓ plasma oncotic pressure → movement of
water from intravascular space to the
interstitium.
The contracted intravascular volume→↑↑
RAA activity +↑↑ SNS activity + ADH release
These factors→ water & Na retention→
further ↓↓ plasma oncotic pressure→ setting
up a vicious circle
41.
Mechanism of over-filling edema
Resulting from expanded extracellular
volume that results from primary renal
Na retention, possibly secondary to
the renal damage.
In over-filling edema the RAA system
& SNS & ADH secretion are
depressed.
48.
Confirm edema
Assess distribution of edema:
generalized VS localized edema
Detailed history and physical
examination to assess severity,
associated complications, and
underlying cause of edema.
49.
Assess distribution of edema
generalized VS localized edema
In generalized edema look for
pretibial, sacral, scrotal, vulval
edema other than periorbital
edema and ascites.
50.
Localized edema
Hx. Of trauma, insect bite, or
infection
Peripheral lymphedema in female
newborn to exclude Turner’s
syndrome
Acute edema of the face and neck
to exclude superior vena cava
obstruction syndrome.
51. B- Generalized edema
1- Renal disease (most common cause in children)
Rapid onset edema, puffiness around the
eyes, gross hematuria, oliguria, hypertension,
cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema to suggest
acute glomerulonephritis.
Frothy urine suggests nephrotic syndrome.
Absence of circulatory congestion
differentiates nephrotic syndrome from
nephritic syndrome.
52.
Signs and symptoms of chronic insufficiency
such as anemia, growth retardation, and uremic
symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
Exclude secondary causes such as postinfectious glomerulonephritis (history of throat
or skin infection in recent past), SLE, Henoch
Schonlein purpura (skin rash & joint pain).
Look for symptoms of hypertensive
encephalopathy (headache, irritability,
confusion, altered sleep pattern, & convulsion).
53.
Ask for hx of
fever, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal
pain, progressive jaundice, fetor
hepaticus, bleeding manifestations, clay
color stool, black tarry
stool, hematemesis, pruritis & abdominal
distension.
Stigmata of chronic liver disease such as
palmar erythema, clubbing & spider naviae.
HSM with gross ascites in the absence of
jaundice to exclude portal vein thrombosis.
Previous operation scar such as Kasai portoenterostomy.
54.
Symptoms of CCF such as decreased effort
tolerance, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
in older children and poor weight gain, feeding
difficulties, excessive sweating, bluish episodes and
respiratory distress in infants.
Signs of cardiomegaly, gallop rhythm, precordial
pulge, pallor, cool extremities, elevated JVP, weak
pulse, pulsus paradoxus, murmur, displaced apex
beat, tender hepatomegaly, & lung crepitations.
Assess for underlying cause such as structural heart
disease, cardiomyopathy & myocarditis.
Edema in cardiac disease often denotes a late sign in
small children.
55.
Hx of chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, foul
stools, FTT, repeated infections &
redcurrant abdominal pain.
Detailed dietary history for possible cow
milk allergy and gluten hypersensitivity
Assess for complications of anemia,
malnutrition and vitamin deficiency
This condition should be considered in every
case of unexplained edema (even without
diarrhea) especially when it is associated
with hypoproteinemia.
56.
Hx of anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting,
FTT, susceptibility to infections, night
blindness, inadequate or inappropriate
dietary hx especially prolonged lack of
protein.
In examination; growth parameters, pallor,
apathy, irritability, skin changes, hair
changes, & signs & symptoms of
micronutrient deficiency.
57.
Edema usually mild, commonly periorbital.
Hx of allergen exposure such as medications,
animal dander, food preservatives and
coloring.
Associated rashes such as urticarial.
Assess for Steven-Johnson reaction.
59. A- Urine dipstick & microscopy
Proteinuria, hematuria, & casts are
indicative of renal disease
B- RFT
Raised serum urea & creatinine are
indicative of renal disease
60. C- Full blood count
Normochromic Normocytic anemia
suggest chronic disease
Hypochromic microcytic anemia
suggest IDA from occult GIT bleeding
e.g. cow’s milk allergy
Megaloblastic anemia suggests B12 and
folate deficiency from small bowel
disease
61. D- LFT
Hypoalbuminemia in the absence of
circulatory overload suggests
hypoproteinemic states
Hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver
enzymes suggests liver disease
62. E- Chest X-ray and ECG
Cardiomegaly with prominent perihilar
vascular markings/upper lobe diversion
and left ventricular hypertrophy
confirms intravascular fluid overload
63.
N.B if these basic investigations do not
reveal the cause of edema, further
investigations may have to be done:
- Echocardiography
- Serum-ascites albumin gradient
(SAAG)
- CT scan or MRI abdomen
65. * General measures
1- Dietary management
Na restriction to 2gm/m2/day
Fluid restriction to 2/3 of maintenance
depending on the severity of edema
2- Diuretics therapy
3- Bed rest
4- Specific therapy according to the cause
66.
Edema more in the morning and subsiding by
evening is suggestive of renal edema
Ascites to start with, followed by edema may
suggest a possibility of hepatic failure
Nutritional history combined with
anthropometry, vitamin & mineral deficiency
signs, points to the diagnosis of nutrition
deficiency states like kwashiorkor
Edema in the dependant part associated with
tachypnea and abnormal findings in the heart
suggests the diagnosis of cardiovascular
diseases.