Advantages & Limitations of CNC machine tools,Introduction DNC,Component of a DNC system,Principle,Functions of DNC
Types of DNC systems,Comparison between NC, CNC and DNC machine tools
Advantages & Limitations of CNC machine tools,Introduction DNC,Component of a DNC system,Principle,Functions of DNC
Types of DNC systems,Comparison between NC, CNC and DNC machine tools
difference of NC and CNC ,Part programming,Methods of manual part programming,Basic CNC input data,Preparatory Functions ,Miscellaneous Functions,Interpolation:Canned cycles:part programming on component,Tool length compensation,Cutter Radius,Task compensation:Types of media of NC
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
Robotics and automation _ power sources and sensorsJAIGANESH SEKAR
Hydraulic, pneumatic and electric drives – determination of HP of motor and gearing ratio – variable speed arrangements – path determination – micro machines in robotics – machine vision – ranging – laser – acoustic – magnetic, fiber optic and tactile sensors.
Speed Control of BLDC Motor with Four Quadrant Operation Using dsPICijsrd.com
Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives are becoming more popular in industrial and traction applications. Hence the control of BLDC motor in four quadrants is very vital. The flexibility of the drive system is increased using digital controller. In this paper the PWM signals for driving the power inverter bridge for BLDC motor have been successfully implemented using a dsPIC controller and the motor can be controlled in all the four quadrants without any loss of power .Energy is conserved during regenerative braking period. The digital controller dsPIC, is advantageous over other controller, as it combines the calculation capability of digital signal processor and controlling capability of PIC microcontroller to achieve a precise control. Simulation of the proposed model is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
difference of NC and CNC ,Part programming,Methods of manual part programming,Basic CNC input data,Preparatory Functions ,Miscellaneous Functions,Interpolation:Canned cycles:part programming on component,Tool length compensation,Cutter Radius,Task compensation:Types of media of NC
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
Robotics and automation _ power sources and sensorsJAIGANESH SEKAR
Hydraulic, pneumatic and electric drives – determination of HP of motor and gearing ratio – variable speed arrangements – path determination – micro machines in robotics – machine vision – ranging – laser – acoustic – magnetic, fiber optic and tactile sensors.
Speed Control of BLDC Motor with Four Quadrant Operation Using dsPICijsrd.com
Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives are becoming more popular in industrial and traction applications. Hence the control of BLDC motor in four quadrants is very vital. The flexibility of the drive system is increased using digital controller. In this paper the PWM signals for driving the power inverter bridge for BLDC motor have been successfully implemented using a dsPIC controller and the motor can be controlled in all the four quadrants without any loss of power .Energy is conserved during regenerative braking period. The digital controller dsPIC, is advantageous over other controller, as it combines the calculation capability of digital signal processor and controlling capability of PIC microcontroller to achieve a precise control. Simulation of the proposed model is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Power Quality Analysis of Vienna Rectifier for BLDC Motor Drive ApplicationIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the power quality improvements for a BLDC driver using
Vienna rectifier as front end converter. The major drawbacks in the BLDC
motor drive and non linear load applications are the line pollution and
depreciation of the power factor. The conventional power factor correction
method is not economical and efficient. It requires bulky components as load
changes and produce high THD and less Power factor. The front end
converter of BLDC bridge inverter drive is proposed by the Vienna rectifier,
which can contribute more significantly in improving the power factor and
reduce the line pollution. The Vienna rectifier topology is controlled by the
constant switching frequency control technique for wide range of load
variation and it reduces the THD, improve the power factor and provide a
steady DC link voltage to the bridge inverter to drive the BLDC motor. The
design calculation and performance characteristics of BLDC motor and
Vienna rectifier are verified by using Matlab simulation.
Analysis and control of four quadrant operation of three phase brushless dc (...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Speed Control of Brushless Dc Motor Using Fuzzy Logic Controlleriosrjce
This paper presents a control scheme of a fuzzy logic for the brushless direct current (BLDC)
permanent magnet motor drives. The mathematical model of BLDC motor and fuzzy logic algorithm is derived.
The controller is designed to tracks variations of speed references and stabilizes the output speed during load
variations. The BLDC has some advantages compare to the others type of motors, however the nonlinearity of
the BLDC motor drive characteristics, because it is difficult to handle by using conventional proportionalintegral
(PI) controller. The BLDC motor is fed from the inverter where the rotor position and current
controller is the input. In order to overcome this main problem, the fuzzy logic control is learned continuously
and gradually becomes the main effective control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by
develop simulation model in MATLAB-Simulink program. The simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy
logic controller (FLC) produce significant improvement control performance compare to the PI controller for
both condition controlling speed reference variations and load disturbance variations. Fuzzy logic is introduced
in order to suppressing the chattering and enhancing the robustness of the controlled system. Fuzzy boundary
layer is developed to provide smother transition to the equivalent control. Smaller overshoot in the speed
response and much better disturbance rejecting capabilities.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
Bearings support moving parts, such as shafts and spindles, of a machine or mechanism.
Bearings may be classed as
(i) Rolling contact (Ball and roller) bearings.
(ii) Plain bearings.
X‾ -R Chart maximum utilization of information available from data & provide detailed information in process average & variation for control of individual dimensions.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Requirements of CNC feed drives
3.Servo motor
3.1 Servo drive control
3.2 Components of servo controlled cnc.
3.3 servo-drive control
4.DC Servo Motor
5. AC Servo Motor
6.Comparison between D.C. And A.C. Servomotor
7. Stepping Motor
7.1 Construction
7.2 Working
7.3 Advantages
7.4 Disadvantages
8.Reference
2
3. 1.INTRODUCTION
The driving system is an important component of a CNC machine as
the accuracy and repeatability depend very much on the characteristics
and performance of the driving system.
The driving system is classified as spindle drives and feed drives.
The spindle drives are used to provide angular motion to the work
piece or a cutting tool.
The feed drives are used to drive the slide or a table.
The feed drive consists of an electromotor and mechanical
transmission elements.
3
4. 4
Fig 1.working principle of spindle drives
Fig 2.Working principle of CNC feed drive
5. o This system usually uses electric motors although hydraulic motors
are sometimes used for large machine tools.
Electric Motors
o An electric motor is an electric machine that converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy
o Most electric motors operate through the interaction between an
electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate
force within the motor.
Hydraulic motor
o A hydraulic motor is a mechanical actuator that converts hydraulic
pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement (rotation)
5
6. The main purpose is to move the working parts of machine tool
(working table, tool unit, spindle unit etc.)
The requirement is that the driving system has to response
accurately according to the programmed instructions.
The motor is coupled either directly or through a gear box to the
machine lead screw to moves the machine slide or the spindle. Two
types of electrical motors are commonly used.
I. Servomotors.
1. DC Servomotors.
2. AC Servomotors.
II. Stepper motors.
6
7. 2.REQUIREMENTS OF CNC FEED DRIVES.
High torque-to-weight ratio
Low armature or rotor inertia
Low electrical and mechanical time constants
Permanent magnet construction
Maximum speed up to 3000rpm
High peak torque for quick response
The required constant torque for overcoming frictional and
working force must be provided. 7
8. 3.SERVO MOTOR
o Positions mechanical elements within a given time and with a given
precision.
o Operates at low power ranges.
o Factors to be considered in servo action are :
o Dynamics
o Position exactness
o Peak torque
o Speed regulation range etc
8
10. 3.2 COMPONENTS OF SERVO CONTROLLED CNC
10
Motor lead screw rotation table moves
Motor speed control
feedback position sensed by encoder
11. 3.3 SERVO-DRIVE CONTROL
Working of a servo motor :
o The desired position is given as input to the system. The actual
position is measured by the encoder is given to position controller as
feedback.
o This results in the desired speed which is compared with actual speed
feedback by the Tachogenerator.
o This comparison gives out the output of the desired current to be
compared with the feedback of actual current.
o The current controller gives the output of control voltage to the
motor.
o A six pulse-bridge supplied with a 3-phase system gives the direct
voltage depending on the control voltage.
11
12. 4.DC SERVO MOTOR
This is the most common type of feed motors used in CNC machines
The principle of operation is based on the rotation of an armature winding in
a permanently energized magnetic field.
The armature winding is connected to a commutator, which is a cylinder of
insulated copper segments mounted on the shaft
DC current is passed to the commutator through carbon brushes, which are
connected to the machine terminals.
The change of the motor speed is by varying the armature voltage and the
control of motor torque is achieved by controlling the motor's armature
current.
In order to achieve the necessary dynamic behavior it is operated in a closed
loop system equipped with sensors to obtain the velocity and position
feedback signals.
12
13. 4.1 FEATURES OF DC SERVOMOTOR
o Smooth rotation at speed less than one rpm.
o Bush life of more than 4000 rpm.
o Sensor less switching.
o Transistor controller and diode rectifier.
o Resolver for speed control and position control and switching
control.
o Resolver ® performs the task of both tachogenerator and pulse-generator
(p-encoder).
13
16. 5. AC SERVO MOTOR
In an AC servomotor, the rotor is a permanent magnet while the
stator is equipped with 3-phase windings
The speed of the rotor is equal to the rotational frequency of the magnetic
field of the stator, which is regulated by the frequency converter.
AC motors are gradually replacing DC servomotors
The main reason is that there is no commutator or brushes in AC servomotor
so that maintenance is virtually not required
Furthermore, AC servos have a smaller power-to-weight ratio and faster
response.
16
19. 7. STEPPING MOTOR
A stepping motor is a device that converts the electrical pulses
into discrete mechanical rotational motions of the motor shaft
This is the simplest device that can be applied to CNC machines
since it can convert digital data into actual mechanical displacement
19
20. 7.1 CONSTRUCTION
o Stator has a winding made of concentrated coils on distinct poles.
o Rotor has a permanent magnet cylinder.
o The stator windings are inserted on the periphery of the yoke and this
is slide on the permanent magnet pole cylinder.
o The rotor shaft is located at the center of the yoke, mounted on
bearings
o Examples of stepping motor application are the magnetic head of
floppy-disc drive and hard disc drive of computer, daisy-wheel type
printer, X-Y tape control, and CNC EDMWire-cut machine
20
22. 7.2 WORKING
22
The rotation of the magnet inside the yoke will
energize the poles
Fig 7 working of stepper motor
23. 7.3 ADVANTAGES
o It is not necessary to have any analog-to-digital converter nor
feedback device for the control system. They are ideally suited to
open loop systems
o Low cost
o Ruggedness
o Simplicity in construction
o High reliability
o No maintenance
23
24. 7.4 DISADVANTAGES
Slow speed
Low torque
Low resolution
Easy to slip in case of overload
24