This document discusses net metering, which is a billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for excess electricity generated and added to the grid. It allows two-way power transfers so that solar customers can draw power from the grid when their panels are not generating enough. The document outlines the components of a net metering system like solar panels, inverters, meters and switches. It explains the benefits of net metering like financial credits and reduced equipment needs. It also provides details on net metering policies in India and states like Andhra Pradesh. The conclusion states that net metering provides opportunities for reliable solar power by allowing excess power to be supplied to the grid and drawing power when solar is insufficient.

1. BY
T. BHAVANI
11121A02A3
Department of EEE
1

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
What is Net metering?
Why Net metering is required?
Structure of Net metering system
Net meter- Bi directional meter
Benefits of Net metering
Limitations
Net metering in India-AP
Future scope
Conclusion
2

3. Demand for electricity is growing day by day
Power generation is not up to the mark
Deficit about 6-8% in India
Need for developing alternatives to reduce power
deficit
Power generation through rooftop solar is
considered as the best alternative
Solar has some drawbacks
Net metering is the solution for those drawbacks
3

4. Why net metering is required?
4
Fig.1
Solar power is not continuous
Expensive batteries are needed
Backup generators are required
Cannot be transported to long distances

5. What is Net metering?
 Net metering is a billing mechanism that credits
solar energy system owners for the electricity they
add to the grid.
fig.2 5

6. Fig.3 6

7. Block diagram of net metering system
7
Fig.4

8. Parts/ Equipment of Roof top solar systems
 Solar PV Panels,
 Inverter
 Isolators/ Disconnecting switches
 Protective Devices
 Cables and hardware
 Changeover Switches
 Energy meters
 Panels, Junction box and distribution
boxes
 Earthing & Lightening protections
 IR/ UV protected PVC pipes and
accessories
 Mounting Structures & civil works 8

9. Solar panels
9

10. inverter
 Converts generated DC Power into AC
Power
 Shall be equipped with a synchronization
device
 Shall not inject Harmonic Currents & DC
Currents, introduce flicker greater than the
values specified in IEEE-519 Standard
10
Fig.5

11. Isolators/ Disconnecting switches
Protective Devices
 Protective Devices with Isolation
switch required between Solar
Panels & Junction Box
 Automatic relay with
disconnection device after Grid
meter towards Load
 Manual Operating Switch
between inverter and Solar
energy meter
 Bird spike shall be provided
11
Fig.6

12. Net meter- a bidirectional meter
12
Fig.7
Allows two way transfer of power
Rotates in both directions
Records net power consumed

13. Technical characteristics of the meter
1. Enclosure: engineering plastic
2. Display: backlit LED display large digit size
10mm by 5mm
3. Protection index: IP51
4. System: ac 3ph 4 wire
5. Inputs: starting currents:0.2%of Ib
rated voltage: 3×240 volts
current rating:10-60 amperes
frequency 50hz±5hz
6. power factor: zero lag-unity-zero lead
13

14. Benefits of net metering
 Financial Credit for Extra Solar Power Produced
 No Battery Storage System Needed
 No Backup Generator for when Solar Power is Not
Available
Reduces electricity lost over wires
Pressure on the grid is reduced
Environment pollution can be reduced
Awareness on power consumption will be increased
14

15. limitations
 It has very less drawbacks
 Requires installation of additional equipment
 Additional precautions to be taken in operation and
maintenance of system
 Cost of net metering equipment is to be bared by the
consumers themselves
15

16. Net metering in India
 Started in 2009
 MNRE is undertaking this. Govt. is facilitating 30% of the
total money as subsidy needed for equipping net
metering system
 For generating 1MW of electricity through net metering
it costs about 7-8 crores in India. After installation plant
gains about 1.6 crores per annum for 25 years
 Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra are also well
implementing this
16

17. Net metering in Andhra Pradesh
 Started net metering in 2013
 APCPDCL started net metering in September 2013. it
permits consumers with 3 ph supply to equip net
metering
 Under APCPDCL Satyasai deemed university has been
implementing the net metering successfully in
Ananthapur dist.
 APEPDCL and APSPDCL have also started net metering in
November 2013
17

18. Future scope
18
 Indian govt. has decided to equip all the govt.
offices, hospitals, institutions, jails with rooftop PV
systems and to involve them in net metering.

19. As the power produced by solar energy using PV
systems is difficult and costly to store, this net metering
provides opportunity to supply the excess power
produced to grid and when solar power is not sufficient
or unavailable, power can be drawn from grid, thus
creating an opportunity of two way supply and making
solar energy more reliable.
19

20. References
 http://www. indianenvironmental.com/net_metering.pdf
 http://www.howtousesolar.com/uses_netmetering/
 http://www.efficientenergy.com
 Net metering is a boon to utilities and local consumers
http://www.efficientcarbon.com/rooftop_solar_and_netmeteri
ng/
 www.sunlightelectric.com
 Rooftop Solar Systems Basic Installations and Role &
Responsibility of Field Staff –a report by ch.chakrapani
20