This document discusses net metering for distributed solar energy generation in India. It begins by providing background on smart grids and how they integrate renewable energy. It then discusses issues with integrating distributed solar generation through net metering, including metering and energy accounting, interconnection arrangements, commercial settlement processes, and applicability of regulatory instruments. Key challenges with net metering in India include the lack of standardized policies and technical standards. The document argues that developing comprehensive standards and policies can help address safety concerns while also opening new business opportunities in the growing distributed solar energy sector in India.
Phasor measurement unit and it's application pptKhurshid Parwez
The effective operation of power systems in the present and the future depends to a large extent on how well the emerging challenges are met today. Power systems continue to be stressed as they are operated in many instances at or near their full capacities. In order to keep power systems operating in secure and economic conditions, it is necessary to further improve power system protection and control system. Phasor measurement unit (PMUs), introduced into power system as a useful tool for monitoring the performance of power system, has been proved its value in the extensive applications of electric power system. In response, a research program that is specifically aimed at using PMU to improve the power system protection and control. To ensure that the proposed research program is responsive to particular industry needs in this area, and participants of the workshop identified two major research areas in which technological and institutional solutions are needed: 1) PMU implementation, 2) PMU applications. It’s recommends research, design, and development (RD&D) projects in this report. The objective of these projects is to improve the reliability of local and wide transmission grid by enabling and enhancing the system protection and control schemes by using PMU measurement data, reduce the economic burden of utilizes to implement PMUs.
What is standalone solar electric system?Dr.Raja R
Standalone Solar (PV) system with only DC load
Standalone Solar (PV) system with DC load and Electronics control circuitry
Standalone Solar (PV) system with DC load, Electronics control circuitry and Battery
Standalone Solar (PV) system with AC/DC load, Electronics control circuitry and Battery.
Phasor measurement unit and it's application pptKhurshid Parwez
The effective operation of power systems in the present and the future depends to a large extent on how well the emerging challenges are met today. Power systems continue to be stressed as they are operated in many instances at or near their full capacities. In order to keep power systems operating in secure and economic conditions, it is necessary to further improve power system protection and control system. Phasor measurement unit (PMUs), introduced into power system as a useful tool for monitoring the performance of power system, has been proved its value in the extensive applications of electric power system. In response, a research program that is specifically aimed at using PMU to improve the power system protection and control. To ensure that the proposed research program is responsive to particular industry needs in this area, and participants of the workshop identified two major research areas in which technological and institutional solutions are needed: 1) PMU implementation, 2) PMU applications. It’s recommends research, design, and development (RD&D) projects in this report. The objective of these projects is to improve the reliability of local and wide transmission grid by enabling and enhancing the system protection and control schemes by using PMU measurement data, reduce the economic burden of utilizes to implement PMUs.
What is standalone solar electric system?Dr.Raja R
Standalone Solar (PV) system with only DC load
Standalone Solar (PV) system with DC load and Electronics control circuitry
Standalone Solar (PV) system with DC load, Electronics control circuitry and Battery
Standalone Solar (PV) system with AC/DC load, Electronics control circuitry and Battery.
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
This PPT provides the contents related to the Smart Grid Introduction. It is created for catering the Unit I contents of the AU course EE8019 - Smart Grid
Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources - Way ForwardSpark Network
A detailed report on the recommended methodology for the effective integration of Renewable Energy Projects with the Grid has been published by Central Electricity Authority.
These slides present the maximum power point tracking (MPPT ) algorithms for solar (PV) systems. Later of the class we will discuss on MPPT control of wind generators.
Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
This PPT provides the contents related to the Smart Grid Introduction. It is created for catering the Unit I contents of the AU course EE8019 - Smart Grid
Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources - Way ForwardSpark Network
A detailed report on the recommended methodology for the effective integration of Renewable Energy Projects with the Grid has been published by Central Electricity Authority.
These slides present the maximum power point tracking (MPPT ) algorithms for solar (PV) systems. Later of the class we will discuss on MPPT control of wind generators.
Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
A growing number of utilities are calling for reform or abolition of net metering. They call it a “free ride” to use utility wires and not pay for the service. IREC, along with other non-profits and the solar industry, know net metering can be fair and balanced. It provides benefits that outweigh utility costs in most cases, particularly by deferring new utility construction. It's a hot button topic. A rundown of what's happening in key states, including a deeper analysis of the issue and insight into how to achieve a fair valuation of all of net metering's benefits, was covered by Jason to standing-room crowds
One promising means of reducing the transmission and distribution losses is through the distributed generation of electricity closer to the end user such as net metering schemes. And the other approach is managing customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for example, stimulating electricity customers to reduce their consumption at critical times or in response to market prices, thereby reducing the peak demand for electricity. In order to assist consumers to make informed decisions on how to manage and control their electricity consumption, consumers should have a system to monitor their real-time electricity consumption as well as a communication network with the service provider. But traditional electricity meters only record energy consumption progressively over time, normally in monthly basis and provide no information of when the energy was consumed. Therefore the necessity of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has been emerged to address the above matters. Nowadays most of the nations are looking to rollout into Smart Meters enabling faster automated communication of information to consumers on their real time electricity consumption, and to service providers.
a smart meter electronically measures how much energy is being used and how much it costs, and then communicates it to the energy supplier and the customer. Smart meters can also enable the provision of new services to consumers as it can record consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less, and also gather data for remote reporting using two-way communication between the meter and central system.
A solar tree is a decorative means of producing solar energy and also electricity. It uses multiple no of solar panels which forms the shape of a tree. The panels are arranged in a tree fashion in a tall tower/pole.
TREE stands for
T= TREE GENERATING
R=RENEWABLE
E=ENERGY and
E=ELECTRICITY
This is like a tree in structure and the panels are like leaves of the tree which produces energy.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Empowering Clean Energy, presented by Adib Nasle, XENDEE, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
since our electrical system consists of many interconnections .in order to have a proper transmission we need grid if we incorporate some sensors it results in smart grid .today grid system consists of all interconnection tapping points
Investigation of the challenges in establishing plug and play low voltage dc ...PromiseBeshel
A research proposal to improve the stability, efficiency, and reliability problems of low voltage DC microgrids from a communication control strategy point of view.
People are talking about the smart grid to television commercials on this topic, we have a plethora of activities around the world where engineers, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and businesses have shown a keen interest in various aspects of this technology. There are smart-grid-related funding opportunities, projects, seminars, conferences, and training programs going on in Europe, the United States, Japan, India and China to name a few. With all this hope and expectation about the smart grid, the question needs to be asked— what it will take to make it real. For the smart grid to be practical and beneficial to society, the following are some of the expectation from the civic society.
1MWH SOLAR PLANT CONNECTED TO MICROGRID WITH BESS CONTROLLER
Presentation by A. K. Bohra on Issues & Challenges in Net Metering
1. A.K. Bohra
Chief Executive Officer
NESCO, WESCO & SOUTHCO
Central Service Office, Bhubaneswar
SMART GRID :
ISSUES & CHALLENGES
with
NET METERING
in
INDIA
2. Global energy scenario is onset to witness a radical change
by focusing on Green energy, Sustainable growth and
SMART GRID implementation
Smart Grid integrates all the Power system components
(Generation to Demand management) with the help of
advanced communication infrastructure and information
technology
Objective of Smart Grid is to make the Power grid more
efficient, reliable, secure and resilient besides minimizing
addition of capital intensive centralized generation
SMART GRID
3. It also enables quick demand response, optimal utilization
of Generation - be it small or of any capacity and T&D
infrastructure
Influenced by the Global trend, Indian Power Sector is
embarking to harness the benefits of Smart Grid
initiatives
SMART GRID
4. With the involvement of improved technology, upgraded
equipments and compatible codes, the distributed
renewable energy generation is gaining popularity in
today’s competitive power generation
Harnessing of Renewable source of Energy is also
important from the Environmental point of view and has
to go a long way
Among the various Renewable source of Energy, Solar
Energy Generation is gaining more popularity because of
its easy installation, cleanliness, zero fuel cost and
maximum availability of Solar irradiance; resulting in
generation at competitive rates with Grid supply
DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
5. Across the Globe, distributed generation through Roof Top
Solar PV Panel is encouraged due to the following major
advantages ;
Help utility to reduced stress on Grid, Peak Demand, T&D loss;
being located at the Load centre
Real time demand side management reduces burden on
conventional generation
Reduce Power Bill, provides Backup Power & use of spare roof area
Earn revenue through Export of Power to the Grid
Reduce emission of pollutants through community support
Mass scale integration of power generated through Rooftop
Solar PV panels needs implementation of Micro Grid with
smart features
However, certain issues are associated with such integration
with Utility Grid
DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
6. Metering and Energy Accounting
Interconnection Arrangements
Commercial Settlement Process
Applicability of Regulatory Instruments
ISSUES WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION INTEGRATION
7. Metering arrangements for Rooftop Solar PV projects in
use across the Globe are; Gross metering and Net
metering
Gross Metering : The entire energy generated by
Rooftop Solar PV system is fed directly into the Grid and
the system owner is benefited by feed-in-tariff based on
sale of power to the utility
Net Metering : The excess/surplus is either sold to or
banked with the utility, thus, combine elements of
captive consumption and exchange of power with the
utility
Metering and Energy Accounting
9. For installation of small Rooftop Solar PV panel by
Domestic consumers connected to the utility Grid,
effective Net metering is essential and therefore in this
presentation focus is laid on the issues and challenges
with Net Metering
Metering and Energy Accounting
10. A billing methodology that allows customers with self
generation to “net” the amount of electricity that they
generate against the amount that they use from the Grid
A relatively simple method for utilities to measure the
amount of electricity to bill where generation does not
typically follow a customer’s demand usage (such as with
small wind and solar generation)
Usually requires the use of a single meter that “spins
backward” when customers are generating more than
they are consuming or two meters; a system use meter
and an excess generation meter
What is Net Metering?
11. Typically results in customers receiving applicable retail
rate of the amount of energy that is netted, which acts as
an incentive for small renewable generation to develop
Since last one year, many States initiated steps towards
conceptualizing and implementing net metering policies
in India
As per information, States that have announced net
metering policies in India are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu and Uttarakhand. Delhi and Maharashtra are in the
process of coming up with policies for their respective
states
What is Net Metering?
14. Non availability of standard, model for Net metering
schemes
Absence of standard Net meter specifications, specifically
with respect to 1 Ph. connections
Code of practices for use of different class of import, export
meters and generation meter
Lack of clarity on role of different entities in bilateral/
tripartite arrangements in project developed by owner/
third party
Improper definition of Net metered consumer related to
coverage of self-owned and/or third party developed
projects
Non availability of provisions towards TOD settlements as to
how to align energy settlement under Net metering with the
Issues with Net Metering & Energy Accounting
15. When a consumer is privileged to export surplus power to the
Grid, issues related to the point of connectivity, level of voltage
of interconnection, limit of power export & most importantly
the safety concerns comes into the picture
While the “draft CEA Technical standards for connectivity of
distributed generation resources regulation 2012” recognizes
the issues in interconnectivity but has left on licensee to
address the same as evident from below;
“The licensee shall carry out the inter-connection study to
determine:
(a) the point of inter-connection, required interconnection facilities
and modifications required on the existing electricity system, if
any, to accommodate the interconnection,
Issues with Interconnection
16. (b) the maximum net capacity of the distributed generation
resource at a particular location for single-phase and three
phase generators connected to a shared single-phase system
or three phase system respectively, based on the
configuration of the electricity system and imbalance in the
power flows that distributed generation resource may cause,
(c) likely impact, if any, on the quality of service to consumers
connected to the electricity system and measures to mitigate
the same,
(d) additional measures to ensure safety of the equipment and
personnel.“
Issues with Interconnection
17. Contrary to above, international codes like NEC, IEEE 1547 &
UL 1741 takes care of the following:
• Reliable Power Grid Operation
• Protection Against Faults
• Power Quality
• Impact on Utility Monitoring and Switching Equipment
• Testing facilities and Quality Assurance
While NEC, IEEE & UL Codes specifies electrical
interconnectivity standards, Meter specifications, size of
project and network, testing etc., ANSI specifies the product
specification of inverter, its installation and safety
Connectivity of distributed generation at the medium and
low voltage still need clarity in US due to overlapping
legislative provisions to overcome safety hazards
Issues with Interconnection
19. Initially power systems were designed to support only one
way power flow from the point of generation through a
transmission system to distribution level loads
These systems were not originally intended to
accommodate the back feed of power from distributed
generations at the distribution level
The introduction of backup flow of power from local
generation causes serious threat to the safety and thus
needs attention
Issues with Interconnection – Safety Concern
20. For the safe system operations of an interconnected
distribution generation following is important:
Self islanding in the event of Grid faults i.e. protection from
distribution system faults
Auto cut-off from Grid in the event of internal PV system
breakdown ; Cease to feed power to Grid
Prevention of feeding power to Grid in the event of Grid
fault/System Break down
Protection to People (Public & Utility workers) and
Property
Protection from abnormal Voltage & Frequency levels
Protection while synchronization with Grid
Protection against injection of Harmonics, DC supply &
Flicker etc. to the Grid
Issues with Interconnection – Safety Concern
21. Earlier to prevent reverse power flow, an equipment called
Utility External Disconnection Switch (UEDS) being utilized
by many states in US which was required to be operated
before taking up work by a line worker on line
Due to non practicability of operations in large distribution
generation network and looking to the introduction of
Meters having inbuilt disconnect switch & supply imbalance
sensing device, use of such device is now not necessary
The necessity of having disconnection arrangement lockable
and visible Break Separation have been dispensed with in
the amended National Electric Code (NEC) due to these
features incorporated in the Inverter of Solar PV system
Issues with Interconnection – Safety Concern
22. In Indian context, these are important and need to be
incorporated
Besides above, provisions exists in Germany, US and other
advanced Countries related to various product
specifications, connections and testing (at the time of
installation, commissioning & periodical) need to be
replicated in Indian standards
Some indigenous manufacturers provides equipments not
confirming to such Standards to save cost which cause
hazards
There is a need for capacity building of Utility Officials who
are neither aware nor trained about the testing to be carried
out on Solar PV system equipments and frequency of such
testing
Issues with Interconnection – Safety Concern
23. The overall viability as well as ownership patterns adopted
for development of Net metered roof top solar projects
mainly depends upon applicable charges and commercial
arrangements
Implementation of net metering based roof top solar system
will require clarity on the energy accounting & Commercial
settlement for electricity consumed from such system as
well as excess energy injected into the Grid
Commercial Settlement Issues
24. Commercial settlement in net metering depends upon:
Definition of eligible consumer
Generation capacity limits
Interconnection voltage
Energy Accounting
Net metering settlement period
Restrictions on level of overall or local Grid penetration
Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO)
Application of other charges & incentives (fixed charge,
connectivity charge, TOD, ABT, GBI) etc.
Forum of Regulators (FOR) though addressed these
issues but are yet to be incorporated in the Codes
Commercial Settlement Issues
25. As stated in the foregoing slides, there is lot of Regulatory
infirmity, affecting propagation of Net metering projects
in India
International experience shows that propagation of
various business models of rooftop Solar segment has a
very high reliance on the policy and regulatory
framework
Non availability of clearly defined technical standards and
guidelines for Grid connectivity, metering, safety and
security etc. are major barriers in implementation of such
projects
Applicability of Regulatory Instruments
26. Current Regulatory framework also lack in addressing the
charges related to wheeling, open access, Cross subsidy etc.
Indian standards for installation & testing etc. is must in line
with international equipment standards issued by
International Electro technical Commission (IEC)
Need is to have a code like IEEE 1547 which provides
guidelines for technical requirements, design, construction,
commissioning, acceptance testing, O&M and performance
requirements for interconnecting local electric power
sources to a bulk power transmission grid
Applicability of Regulatory Instruments
27. Standards and Codes available like CERC model guidelines
for Rooftop Solar Grid interactive system based on Net
metering and CEA technical standards for connectivity of
the distributed resources regulations 2012 etc. are still
under draft form and not bringing adequate clarity
However few States like Tamil Nadu & Gujarat have taken
initiative and propose amendment in regulations covering
Net metering, LT connectivity etc.
The main technology constraint lies with the specification of
meters which necessarily has to be export import type
smart meter with disconnection facility from remote
Applicability of Regulatory Instruments
28. Odisha scenario :
Govt. of Odisha has formed a Company to promote,
develop, implement, operate & maintain renewable energy
projects namely GEDCOL (Green Energy Development
Corporation of Odisha Ltd.)
Dept. of Science & Technology has published a draft Solar
Policy for the State with a target of adding 135 MW Solar
Energy capacity by 2015-16
OERC yet to give detailed Scheme, associated metering
arrangement & commercial mechanism between
Consumer, DISCOM & GRIDCO
Applicability of Regulatory Instruments
29. The status of policy framework & regulatory provisions in
various States is as under:
Tamil Nadu:
Commercial arrangements : Cap for injecting excess energy to the grid,
will be 90% of the electricity consumption by the eligible consumer
at the end of a settlement period (annually)
Grid penetration restrictions : Restricted to 30% of the distribution
transformer capacity on the basis of first come first served
Metering : Two meters have to be installed, first for measuring solar
power generation and the second for the import/export
measurement
Applicability of Regulatory Instruments
30. Uttarakhand:
The roof owner of residential/commercial/
industrial/institutional/government establishments are eligible to set up
Solar Power Plant within 300W to 100 kW with battery backup and up to
500 KW without battery backup
Can work on net metering basis wherein the beneficiary pays to the utility
on net meter reading basis only, alternatively two meters can also be
installed to measure the export and import of power separately
Punjab:
Capacity range allowed 1 KW and 500 KW. The maximum capacity of the
Roof Top Solar PV system shall not be more than 80% of the Sanctioned
Connected Load. Injection of power from the rooftop solar PV system shall
not be more than 90% of the consumption from the licensee’s supply by
the consumer in a year
Highlights of various State’s Policies
31. Andhra Pradesh:
Net Metering permitted for 3 Phase only. Consumers can avail
Government of AP subsidy and MNRE subsidy through New and
Renewable Energy Development Corporation Andhra Pradesh Ltd
(NREDCAP)
A single bi-directional meter should be installed for export and import
energy measurement. DISCOMs shall accord approvals on a first come
first serve basis for Solar Net Metering till the Solar installed Capacity
reaches 50% of the closest upstream Distribution transformer’s rated
capacity
Delhi:
Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC) has released a draft net
metering policy. Most of the policy details are similar to the Tamil Nadu
net-metering policy. The final policy will be announced after getting the
inputs of all the stakeholders
Maharashtra:
Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) has instructed
for formation of a Working Committee which will come up with a draft
Highlights of various State’s Policies
32. Once the Indian Standards, Codes, Regulations are put in
place, it will open a big market for Indian Entrepreneurs to
venture in to the Field of Net Metered Solar PV generating
equipments and integration with Grid
The product, service may include following:
Solar PV Panels, Batteries and accessories
Inverters with protective devices confirming to Standards
Smart Energy Meter with export, import features and
disconnection facility
Erection, Commissioning works as per Codes
Lab testing and site testing of equipments as per provisions
I.T. enabled services for Meter reading, billing, accounting,
Load dispatching & demand side management and isolation
of generation on demand from line worker etc.
Conclusion
33. ICC is the right forum for me to take the
opportunity to aware Indian Business
fraternity about the abundance of
business opportunities ahead in this
field; just waiting for YOU!