This document summarizes key principles of architectural planning and building design, including 14 principles of planning such as aspect, orientation, privacy, and circulation. It discusses topics like sound insulation, acoustics, building services, staircases, lifts, and escalators. It also covers challenges like designing green buildings, ecosystem preservation, and creating self-sufficient homes. The document is a lecture on these topics presented to civil engineering students.

1. By
DR. ANIRUDDHA G. BANHATTI
Associate Professor
T.S.S.M.’s
Bhivrabai Sawant College of Engineering and Research
VIDEO CONFERENCE
on
Architectural Planning and Design of
Buildings
for
S.E. Civil
5th March 2014
1

2. Civil Engineering
 It is the oldest branch of Engineering
 It came into existence since humans
started living in caves.
 The first invention in civil engineering was
something with which one can see
through a wall.
 It is called “ a window ”
2

3. Planning of Buildings
 There are 14 principles of planning as
listed below:
 Aspect
 Prospect
 Orientation
 Privacy
 Circulation
 Grouping
 Roominess
3

4. Principles of Planning
 Furniture Requirements
 Sanitation
 Elegance
 Economy
 Access
 Architectural composition
 Climate and its Effect
4

5. Aspect:Arrangement of windows in
external walls
5

6. Prospect: Desirable and undesirable
views
6

7. Orientation
7

8. Privacy
 External :
 Isolation from surrounding buildings
 Avoiding noise, dust and pollution from
surroundings
 Raised sill height of w.c. and bath
 Compound wall
 Growing trees around the house
8

9. Privacy
 Internal :
 Prevention of direct view of one room
from another
 Staggering of doors
 Use of screens
 Proper furniture arrangement
9

10. Circulation
 Horizontal : On the same floor
10

11. Circulation
 Vertical : Between the floors
11

12. Grouping
 Rooms of similar function together
 More important in Public Buildings
 Staircase or lift approachable from each
room
 Kitchen w.c. and bath grouped for easy
plumbing and watersupply
12

13. Roominess
13

14. Roominess : Chimney Effect
14

15. Roominess :Tunnel Effect
15

16. Furniture Requirements
16

17. Sanitation
17

18. Elegance
18

19. Economy
 Planning should avoid all type of wastage
 Wastage of space
 Judicious use of space
 Architectural aesthetics for space
19

20. Access
20

21. Architectural composition : Unity
21

22. Architectural composition :Contrast
22

23. Architectural Composition :Scale
23

24. Architectural composition :
Proportion
24

25. Mass Composition
25

26. Architectural composition :
Form and Function
26

27. Climate and Its Effect
 Window openings
 Type of roof
 Sunbreakers and chajjas
 External finish, paint and color
27

28. Noise and Acoustics
 Qualities of sound
 Noise
 Comfort level of noise
 Intensity and Loudness
 Frequency or Pitch
 Timbre or Quality
28

29. Measurement of Sound
 L = K log I1 / I0
 Measured in decibels (dB)
 If L = 1 dB then I1 / I0 = 1.26
 Difference in intensities 100 times
 Loudness 20dB
 Difference in intensities 1000 times
 Loudness 30dB
 Thus the scale of loudness is built
29

30. Sound Insulation
 For avoiding indoor and outdoor noise
 Wall insulation
 Floor insulation
 Cavity walls
 Floating floors
 Use of sound absorbing materials
 Linoleum, Cork, Carpets etc.
30

31. Sound Absorbent Materials
 Porous absorbents
 Resonant panels
 Cavity resonators
 Composite type absorbents
31

32. Acoustical Defects
 Echoes
 Reverberation
 Sound foci
 Dead spots
 Insufficient loudness
 Intrusion of noise from outside
32

33. Reverberation time
 Calculated by Sabine’s formula
 Excellent : 0.5 to 1.5 sec
 Good : 1.5 to 2 sec
 Fairly good : 2 to 3 sec
 Bad : 3 to 5 sec
 Very bad Above 5 sec
33

34. Theatre : Fan shaped plan
34

35. Theatre : Splayed Ceiling
35

36. Sound and Music Studios :
Hinged Panels on Shutters
36

37. Building Services
 Electrical services
 Telecommunication services
 Entertainment services
 Ventilation and Lighting
 Air-conditioning and heating
 Lifts and escalators
 Emergency escape stairs
 Fire fighting arrangements
37

38. Rain Water Harvesting
38

39. Large Scale System
39

40. New Innovations : Rainpod
40

41. Building Bye-laws
 Definitions
 Floor Area Ratio
 = Total area on all floors / Plot area
 Areas Excluded : projections < 0.75m
 Canopies 5x2.5m in cantilever fashion
 Balconies with certain specifications
 Parking lock up garages or stilt floor
parking
41

42. Excluded areas from FAR
 Electric cabin / sub station, watchman’s
cabin of max 1.6 sq.m. pump house,
garage shaft, fire hydrants, electrical
fittings, water tanks
 Staircase room, lift room above top floor,
architectural features, chimneys
 Well, plant nursery, water pool, uncovered
swimming pool. Platform round atree,
fountain, bench, ramps, compound wall,
overhead tank
42

43. Individual’s voice is characterized by
 Timber
 Pitch
 Intensity
 loudness
43

44. Individual’s voice is characterized by
 Timber
 Pitch
 Intensity
 loudness
44

45. Find good sound absorber
 Metal
 Open door
 Water body
 Carpet
45

46. Find good sound absorber
 Metal
 Open door
 Water body
 Carpet
46

47. 100000 times difference in
intensities will create loudness of
 30 dB
 100 dB
 Log 10 dB
 50dB
47

48. 100000 times difference in
intensities will create loudness of
 30 dB
 100 dB
 Log 10 dB
 50 dB
48

49. Climate of Mumbai is
 Hot and arid
 Humid and hot
 Salty and windy
 Coastal and cold
49

50. Climate of Mumbai is
 Hot and arid
 Humid and hot
 Salty and windy
 Coastal and cold
50

51. Climate of Pune is
 Hot and humid
 Temperate and arid
 Cold and pleasant
 Arid and dry
51

52. Climate of Pune is
 Hot and humid
 Temperate and arid
 Cold and pleasant
 Arid and dry
52

53. A theater should have
 Dome shaped ceiling
 Hanging ceiling
 Rough wooden ceiling
 Splayed ceiling
53

54. A theater should have
 Dome shaped ceiling
 Hanging ceiling
 Rough wooden ceiling
 Splayed ceiling
54

55. Sound foci is a
 Desirable feature for music room
 Desirable feature for bed room
 Desirable feature for auditorium
 None of the above
55

56. Sound foci is a
 Desirable feature for music room
 Desirable feature for bed room
 Desirable feature for auditorium
 None of the above
56

57. Lifts in malls should carry
 12 to 20 persons
 20 to 30 persons
 5 to 8 persons
 8 to 10 persons
57

58. Lifts in malls should carry
 12 to 20 persons
 20 to 30 persons
 5 to 8 persons
 8 to 10 persons
58

59. Car speed of mall lifts should not
exceed
 5m/s
 1m/s
 7m/s
 2.5m/s
59

60. Car speed of mall lifts should not
exceed
 5m/s
 1m/s
 7m/s
 2.5m/s
60

61. One point perspective is used for
 Brochures
 Railway lines
 Interior decoration
 Panoramic view
61

62. One point perspective is used for
 Brochures
 Railway lines
 Interior decoration
 Panoramic view
62

63. Three point perspective is common
for
 Axonometric view
 Symmetrical view
 Detailed terrace view
 Exploded view
63

64. Three point perspective is common
for
 Axonometric view
 Symmetrical view
 Detailed terrace view
 Exploded view
64

65. Dead spots are points where
 Sound is heard louder
 Sound is inaudible
 Pitch changes
 Wave front of sound faces a barrier
65

66. Dead spots are points where
 Sound is heard louder
 Sound is inaudible
 Pitch changes
 Wave front of sound faces a barrier
66

67. Sound insulation is important for
 Hospital
 School
 Residential house
 Music studio
67

68. Sound insulation is important for
 Hospital
 School
 Residential house
 Music studio
68

69. Ramp is essential at entrance of
 Five star hotel
 Kindergarten
 School
 Hospital
69

70. Ramp is essential at entrance of
 Five star hotel
 Kindergarten
 School
 Hospital
70

71. Automatic car leveling is must for
 Car service centre
 Hospital
 Poolside
 Weigh bridge for vehicles
71

72. Automatic car leveling is must for
 Car service centre
 Hospital
 Poolside
 Weigh bridge for vehicles
72

73. Additional persons allowed in a
stretcher lift are
 1
 3
 2
 5
73

74. Additional persons allowed in a
stretcher lift are
 1
 3
 2
 5
74

75. Staircase width for public building is
 1.6 to 1.9m
 1 to 1.5m
 1.2 to 1.5m
 None of the above
75

76. Staircase width for public building is
 1.8 to 2m
 1 to 1.5m
 1.2 to 1.5m
 None of the above
76

77. Winders should be
 Avoided on staircase
 Provided on pipes
 Provided at corners
 Provided for curved roof gutters
77

78. Winders should be
 Avoided on staircase
 Provided on pipes
 Provided at corners
 Provided for curved roof gutters
78

79. Two point perspective is similar to
 A photograph
 Isometric view
 Axonometric view
 None of the above
79

80. Two point perspective is similar to
 A photograph
 Isometric view
 Axonometric view
 None of the above
80

81. Tunel effect is due to
 Lack of ventilation
 Too much length of a room
 Defect in vision
 None of the above
81

82. Tunel effect is due to
 Lack of ventilation
 Too much length of a room
 Defect in vision
 None of the above
82

83. Chimney effect relates to
 A factory building
 Roominess
 Insufficient ventilation
 None of the above
83

84. Chimney effect relates to
 A factory building
 Roominess
 Insufficient ventilation
 None of the above
84

85. North on a drawing is shown for
 Feng shui considerations
 Good vastu
 Plane table alignment
 Correct orientation during line out
85

86. North on a drawing is shown for
 Feng shui considerations
 Good vastu
 Plane table alignment
 Correct orientation during line out
86

87. Theatre olan should be
 Circular
 Fern shaped
 Rectangular
 None of these
87

88. Theatre olan should be
 Circular
 Fern shaped
 Rectangular
 None of these
88

89. Surfaces near sound source in a
theatre should be
 Rough and absorbent
 Clad with cork
 Having grooves
 Smooth, hard and polished
89

90. Surfaces near sound source in a
theatre should be
 Rough and absorbent
 Clad with cork
 Having grooves
 Smooth, hard and polished
90

91. To increase sound absorption
 Windows should be open
 Heavy curtains should be provided
 Walls should be smooth
 None of the above
91

92. To increase sound absorption
 Windows should be open
 Heavy curtains should be provided
 Walls should be smooth
 None of the above
92

93. Perforated boards covering walls
 Increase sound absorption
 Provide scattered light
 Increase echoes
 Make interference in sound
93

94. Perforated boards covering walls
 Increase sound absorption
 Provide scattered light
 Increase echoes
 Make interference in sound
94

95. Riser in stairs shall be
 150 to 300 mm
 200 to 300 mm
 300 to 450 mm
 None of the above
95

96. Riser in stairs shall be
 150 to 300 mm
 200 to 300 mm
 300 to 450 mm
 None of the above
96

97. In public building riser is
 > in residential building
 Twice high than in residential building
 Equal to tread
 < in residential building
97

98. In public building riser is
 > in residential building
 Twice high than in residential building
 Equal to tread
 < in residential building
98

99. Tread dimension in staircase is at
least
 300 mm
 400 mm
 450 mm
 500 mm
99

100. Tread dimension in staircase is at
least
 300 mm
 400 mm
 450 mm
 500 mm
100

101. Tread wider than minimum
dimension is
 Not allowed
 Allowed with some fine paid
 Allowed
 Must be covered with carpet
101

102. Tread wider than minimum
dimension is
 Not allowed
 Allowed with some fine paid
 Allowed
 Must be covered with carpet
102

103. Angle of inclination for escalators is
 30 degrees
 40 degrees
 10 degrees
 Depends on height between floors
103

104. Angle of inclination for escalators is
 30 degrees
 40 degrees
 10 degrees
 Depends on height between floors
104

105. Escalators can bbe stopped in case
of emergency
 By the control room operator
 From main switch board
 With a lever at the top
 By pressing a button near the bottom
105

106. Escalators can bbe stopped in case
of emergency
 By the control room operator
 From main switch board
 With a lever at the top
 By pressing a button near the bottom
106

107. In escalators rise is not more than
 30 cm
 20 cm
 40 cm
 25 cm
107

108. In escalators rise is not more than
 30 cm
 20 cm
 40 cm
 25 cm
108

109. Coming Challenges
 Design of Green buildings
 Ecosystem preservation
 Renewable energy
 Self sufficient homes from garbage
disposal to water supply and all such
facilities
109

110. In case of problems
 Contact me at anibanister@gmail.com
 This presentation shall be viewable at
www.slideshare.net
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110

111. THANKYOU
 ANY QUESTIONS?
111