This document provides information about antianginal drugs used to treat angina pectoris. It discusses the three main types of angina and describes the mechanisms of action and uses of various antianginal drug classes including nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and potassium channel openers. Specific drugs discussed include nitroglycerin, isosorbide mononitrate, atenolol, metoprolol, nifedipine, and nicorandil. Nursing responsibilities related to administration and patient education for these antianginal medications are also reviewed.

1. ANTIANGINAL
DRUGS
PRESENTED BY
PANKAJ SINGH RANA
NURSE PRACTITIONER IN
CRITICAL CARE
SRHU, HCON

2. Introduction :
• Angina pectoris is characterized by sudden
severe pressing chest pain or heaviness
radiating to the neck, jaw, back and arms.
• It is often associated with diaphoresis,
tachypnea and nausea.
• Angina is caused by coronary flow that is
insufficient to meet oxygen demands of the
myocardium.

3. There are three types of Angina :
1. Stable Angina ( Most common)
2. Unstable Angina
3. Prinzmetal (variant) angina

5. Stable Angina
• Attacks are predictably provoked
by exercise, emotion etc. It lasts
for several seconds and subsides
on rest.
• “Stable” indicates the
reproducible nature of the
angina; the same activity at the
same intensity faithfully
produces symptoms.

6. Unstable Angina
• The unstable angina is
characterized by recurrent
attacks of angina.
• It occurs with minimal
exertion.
• It is precipitated due to
combination of athero
scleroti-plaque, platelet
aggregation at ruptured
plaque and vasospasm.

7. Prinzmetal (Variant)
Angina
• This is a relatively uncommon pattern of myocardial
ischemia usually occurring at rest or during sleep and
often in young individuals.
• It is induced by coronary artery vasospasm, it generally
responds promptly to vasodilators.

8. ANTIANGINAL DRUGS:
1. Nitrates:
• Glyceryl trinitrate (Nitroglycerin)
• Isosorbide dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate
2. Beta-blocker
• Atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol
3. Calcium channel blocker
• Nifedipine, amlodipine
4. Potassium channel opener
Nicorandil

10. NITRATES

11. NITRATES
• They act directly on all the smooth muscle of the body &
relax them.
• Nitrates release nitric oxide which is a powerful muscle
relaxants.
• Most predominant in the vascular smooth muscles (i.e
walls of arteries & veins).

12. Action of nitrates
Effects on
other smooth
muscles
Redistribution
of coronary
flow
Afterload
reduction
Preload
reduction

13. Preload reduction
Nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle and
dilates both arterial and venous vessels.
Dilation of veins is more predominant than dilation of
arteries, resulting in peripheral pooling of blood &
decreased venous return.
decreased preload

14. Afterload reduction
Nitrates also produce some arteriolar dilatation
Decrease peripheral resistance
Reduction of afterload

15. Redistribution of
coronary flow
Dilatation of coronary arteries
Increase blood supply to the myocardium

16. Effects on other smooth
muscles
• Relax the bronchi, biliary tracts & esophagus
muscles.
• Also dilates cutaneous vessels & meningeal
vessels .

17. Available forms
1. Sublingual Tablets.
2. Topical Ointment and
Transdermal Patches.
3. Translingual Spray.
4. Transmucosal Tablets.
5. Intravenous (IV).

19. Therapeutic uses of
antianginal drugs
Nitrates:-
• Angina pectoris
• MI
• Congestive cardiac failure
• Biliary colic
• Cyanide poisoning
• Oesophageal spasm

20. Nitroglycerine
Preparation Dose Route Onset/Durat
ion of action
Trade name
Tablets
1,2,3 mg
0.5 mg Sublingual 1 -3 min/30
min
Angised
spray 0.4 – 0.8 mg Sublingual 2 min/60 min Nitrolingual
capsule 5-15 mg oral 20min/4-8 hr Angispan-tr
Transdermal
patch,5-10 mg
one patch for 14
to 16 hr per day
skin Max. 24 hrs Nitroderm-tts
Injection
5mg/ml
5-20
microgram/min
intravenous 2min/5 min Nitroject
ointment 2% skin 30 min/12 hr Nitrol

21. SIDE EFFECTS
•Headache
•flushing,
•hypotension
•dizziness

22. CONTRAINDICATION
Hypersensitivity
Severe anaemia
Increased ICP
Cerebral haemorrhage

23. Isosorbide
1.Isosorbide mononitrate
2.Isosorbide dinitrate

24. •Is a nitrate.
•Like nitroglycerin, and is used for treating and preventing
angina.
•It is NOT used to treat HTN.
•Is given Sublingual or Per Oral .
•SL Isosorbide has a slower onset and a longer duration of
action compared to SL nitroglycerin .
•Because SL isosorbide does NOT relieve chest pain as
rapidly as introglycerin, Isosorbide is limited to treating
acute angina in patients intolerant or unresponsive to SL
nitroglycerin .

25. Dose & Route
1.Isosorbide mononitrate:-
20 to 40 mg orally
2.Isosorbide dinitrate:
5 -1o mg sublingually or orally

26. CALCIUM CHANNEL
BLOCKER

27. CCB have negative chronotropic effect
and dromotropic action on heart
• COMMON CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER USED ARE
• VERAPEMIL ( most potent)
• NIFIDEPINE
• DILTIZEM ( least potent)

28. Ca++ channel blockers
vasodilation
Decreased intracellular ca++ & causes smooth muscles
relaxation
Block the entry of ca++ ions into the smooth & cardiac
muscles

29. ADVERSE EFFECTS
• NAUSEA
• VOMITTING
• BRADYCARDIA
• ANKLE EDEMA
OCCASIONNALY
HYPOTENTION
TACHYCARDIA

31. BETA BLOCKERS
DECREASE CORONARY SUPPLY
DECREASE THE HEART RATE BY BLOCKING BETA RECEPTOR
DECREASE THE WORK OF HEART
DECREASE O2 CONSUMPTION
INCREASE REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD

32. DRUGS
• MAINLY TWO DRUGS USED
• ATENOLOL
• METOPROLOL

33. ADVERSE EFFECT
Hypotension
Depression
Bradycardia
Heart block
CHF

34. CONTRAINDICATION OF BETA
BLOCKERS:
heart block
pulmonary edema
cardiogenic shock

35. K CHANNEL OPNER

36. DRUG USED
NICORANDIL
5-10 MG TAB
2MG/VIAL

37. ADVRSE EFFECT
•FLUSHING
•PALPITATION
•WEAKNESS
•DIZZINESS
•NAUSEA
•VOMITING

38. NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
Nursing intervention
Client teaching

39. Nursing intervention
• History collection
• Assess the duration,time started & character of pain.
• Monitor vital signs.
• Assist in various diagnostic test like ECG, Echo &
other blood investigation.
• Nitrates should be kept away from flame.
• Store nitrates in original container.
• An analgesic can be given to treat headache.

40. IN IV NTG:
•Do not mix NTG with other drugs
•Do not use PVC tubing's for IV
administration because its absorb the
nitrates.
•Use glass bottles & tubing's provided by
manufacturer.
• It is Given by infusion pump.

41. Ointment/transdermal patch
• Remove transdermal patches before defibrillation to
prevents burns.
• Rotate ointment & transdermal patches sites.
• Remove ointment & previous patch before applying
new ointment or patch.
• Do not trim transdermal patch to alter dose.
• Do not rub or massage the area after application of
ointment.
• Apply to the chest, upper arm, or upper thigh to
promote absorption and increase onset of systemic
action.

42. • Do not get ointment on hands as it can cause
headache.
• Wash hands after application.
• Apply to a nonhairy sites, avoid application to
skin folds or irritated sites.

43. Transmucosal Tablets:
The nurse should place one tablet between
lip and gum above incisors or between cheek
and gum to promote slow dissolving and
extended absorption.
Sublingual tablets:
Place under the tongue.

44. Spray
•Do not shake when administering &
hold
•vertically & spray under the tongue.
•Advise do not swallow immediately.

45. CLIENT TEACHING
• NTG loose potency if exposed to light,
moisture or heat.
• Avoid alcohol, hot bath as they cause
vasodilation & lead to hypotension.
• Teach about adverse effects.
• Encourage client to discontinue tobacco which
causes vasoconstriction.
• Encourage to eat high fiber rich diet.

46. • Instruct client do not chew SL tablets,place
under the tongue.
• Do not eat food or smoke until tablets dissolve.
SUBLINGUAL TABLETS;
In cute anginal attacks, teach client to lie
down & take NTG tablets as soon as possible;
upto 3 NTG tablets in every 5 min.
If no relief go for emergency services.