There are several types of animation techniques discussed in the document. Traditional or hand-drawn animation is the oldest form where each frame is drawn by hand. Stop motion animation involves physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them frame-by-frame to create movement. Within stop motion, techniques like cutout animation use flat characters and backgrounds cut from materials, claymation animates sculptures made of clay or similar materials, and model animation uses miniature models. Computer animation encompasses digital 2D and 3D animation created on computers.

1. Animation

2. Hand Drawn Animation
• Traditional animation, also referred to as
classical animation, or hand-drawn
animation, is the oldest and historically
the most popular form of animation. In a
traditionally-animated cartoon, each
frame is drawn by hand
• Disney used this type of animation,
some animators, even those working in
the industry today, choose to use the
traditional drawn method. Others use
computer programmes that simulate the
traditional method such as photoshop
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUVUL0Z
F_EY

3. Stop Motion Animation
Stop-motion animation, is the term used to describe animation created by physically
manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to
create the illusion of movement.
There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the type of
media used to create the animation, these include:
• Cutout animation
• Claymation animation
• Model animation (like the classic King-Kong)
• Object animation
• Puppet animation

4. Cutout Animation
Cutout animation is a unique
technique for producing
animations using flat
characters, props and
backgrounds cut from materials
such as paper, card, stiff fabric
or even photographs.
The world's earliest known
animated feature films were
cutout animations (made in
Argentina by Quirino Cristiani
as early as 1917)
Angela Anaconda is a
contemporary example of the
use of cutout animation. The
programme combines black-
and-white photographs with
cutout-style CGI animation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=utgXR6k-P1s

5. Clay Animation/Claymation
• In clay animation, which is one of the many
forms of stop motion animation, each object
is sculpted in clay or a similarly pliable
material such as Plasticine, usually around a
wire skeleton called an armature.
• Producing a stop motion animation using clay
is extremely laborious. 12 changes are usually
made for one second of film movement. For a
30-minute movie, there would be
approximately 21,600 stops to change the
figures for the frames. For a full length (90
min) movie, there would be approximately
64,800 stops and possibly far more if parts
were shot with "singles" or "ones" (one frame
exposed for each shot). Great care must be
taken to ensure the object is not altered by
accident, by even slight smudges, dirt, hair, or
even dust. For feature-length productions, the
use of clay has generally been supplanted by
rubber silicone and resin-cast components.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhczFRlBT
2E Gumby, an animated character first seen
on TV in 1954
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDs8VMz-
cuc The Trap Door intro. Claymation TV series
from 1984, ran for 40 episodes

6. Computer animation
• Computer animation
encompasses a variety of
techniques, the unifying idea
being that the animation is created
digitally on a computer.
• The term covers 2D animation
using Flash to the CGi techniques
used in Pixarʼs many successful
films.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5YmI
S57J9E