The document discusses the history and development of animation movies. It provides timelines of important events and releases in animation history, including the first feature-length animated film in 1917. It also profiles some of the major animation movie studios like Disney, which released Snow White in 1937, DreamWorks and Pixar. The genres of fairy tales and notable films from Disney, DreamWorks and Pixar are discussed. Finally, it briefly mentions the French animation studio Je suis bien content and their film Persepolis from 2007.

1. B HEMA VENKATESH
ME09B090

2. CONTENTS
S. No. Title
1 Description
2 Timeline of Animation movies
3 Genres
4 Plot Development
5 Semiotics
6 Intertextuality
7 Realsim in Animation Movies

3. Animation Movies
• A computer-animated film refers to feature films that have
been computer-animated to appear three dimensional on a movie
screen.
• While traditional 2D animated films are now done primarily with the
help of computers, the technique to render realistic 3D computer
graphics (CG), or 3D Computer-generated imagery (CGI), is unique to
using computers to create movies. These are sometimes referred to
as CG films.
• 3D animation is digitally modeled and manipulated by an
animator. Starts by creating an external 3D mesh to manipulate.
A mesh is a geometric configuration that gives the visual
appearance of form to a 3D object or 3D environment. The mesh
may have many vertices which are the geometric points which
make up the mesh; it is given an internal digital skeletal
structure called an armature that can be used to control the
mesh with weights.

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The first feature-length animated film, Quirino Cristiani's El apostol, is released.
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1917
Poke
Gertie, the Dinosaur is widely considered the first animated short to feature a
Information distinguishable character, as animator Winsor McKay brings a walking, dancing
dinosaur to life.
Networks: 1914
Washington D.C.
Birthday:
May 29, 1917 Earl Hurd invents the process of cel animation
Political:
1914
Democrat
Religion:
Catholic
Hometown: Humpty Dumpty Circus marks the first use of stop-motion animation on film.!
Brookline, Mass. 1908
Friends
The first short comprised solely of animated images, Emile Cohl's Fantasmagorie,
receives its premiere in Paris.
1908
LBJ Frank Marilyn Stuart Blackton's Humorous Phases of Funny Faces is released. It is a three-
minute short in which Blackton's hand can be seen animating drawings of faces and
people against a plain blackboard.
1906
Bobby Jackie Robert

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Ub Iwerks invents the multiplane camera, which allows animators to create a
Send Pixar a message three-dimensional effect within two-dimensional cartoons.
Poke
1933
The first full-color, three-strip Technicolor animated short, Flowers and Trees, is
Information released. The film wins Disney an Oscar for Best Short Subject ..
1932
Networks:
Washington D.C.
Birthday: Quirino Cristiani's Peludopolis, boasts the first instance of sound within a
May 29, 1917
Political: feature-length animated film.
Democrat 1931
Religion:
Catholic
Hometown: Mickey Mouse makes his debut in the six-minute short Plane Crazy.
Brookline, Mass. 1928
Friends
Walt Disney animates his first animated short, Little Red Riding Hood.
1922
LBJ Frank Marilyn The first color cartoon, John Randolph Bray's The Debut of Thomas Cat, is
released
1920
Bobby Jackie Robert

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The Polar Express becomes the first fully-animated film to use motion capture technology to
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render all of its characters 2004
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The Oscars create a category entitled "Best Animated Film," with Shrek the first
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movie to win said award.
Poke 2002
The first computer-animated film, Toy Story, is released to theaters
Information 1995
Networks:
Washington D.C.
Birthday:
May 29, 1917
Beauty and the Beast becomes the first fully animated film to receive an
Political: Oscar nomination for Best Picture.
Democrat 1991
Religion:
Catholic
Hometown: Pixar's first short, Luxo Jr., is released. It's the first computer-animated short
Brookline, Mass. to receive an Academy Award nomination .
1986
Friends
Ralph Bakshi's Fritz the Cat is released as the first X-rated animated feature in
cinematic history.
1972
LBJ Frank Marilyn Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Walt Disney's initial foray into the
world of full-length animation and the first such production to emerge out of the
United States, is released..
1937
Bobby Jackie Robert

8. Genres

9. Fairy Tales : The way we know them
The Langue
•Good guy, damsel in distress, the sidekick/ friends, the evil witch/ knight/ king, the obstacle, the
concerned parents
Why we chose fairy tales?
The analysis of the fairy tales heard by all of us since childhood leads to an analogy between the
language structure (langue) and the narrative.
•a sequence of stability-disruption-stability.

11. Notable companies of cartoon movie
1- American’s company
A) Walt Disney
- Started in 1923 by Walter Elias
Disney
- A lot of movies very famous :
* White snow and seven
Dwarfs (1937)
* Bambi (1942)
* Aladdin (1992)

13. Disney Movies
 A lot of Disney movies orphan their main characters,
usually early in the film.
 Two of the most famous parent-death scenes are found
in Bambi and The Lion King.
 Many more prominent female characters are without
mothers, like Jasmine in Aladdin and Belle of Beauty
and the Beast.
 This type of plot point is consistent with a common
Disney theme: growing up.
 Kids without parents are forced to fend for themselves
in a dangerous world, but with courage and friendship
they manage to persevere

14. Notable companies of cartoon movie
B) DreamWorks company
-Created in October 1994 by Steven Spielberg,
Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen
-We can quote
* Fourmiz (1998)
* Shrek (2001)
* Gang of shark (2004)
* Madagascar (2005)

16. Notable companies of cartoon movie
C) Pixar
- Created by Edwin Catmull in 1986
- It’s film are :
* Toy story
* Monster and Inc.
* The world of Nemo
* Up

17. Notable companies of cartoon movie
2- French company
Je suis bien content
-Created in 1996 by Franck
Ekinci and Marc Jousset
-They created only one
full-length film :
* Persepolis (2007)

18. Notable companies of cartoon movie
3- Japanese company
Studio Ghibli
-It’s created in 1985 by Miyazaki
and Isao Takahata
- This society created all the
Miyazaki’s movies like :
* My neighbor Toroto (1988)
* Porco Rosso (1992)
* The castle in the sky (2003)

19. Pathos
Comedy
Paradigmatic Axis
Syntagmatic Axis : Romantic Fairy Tale

20. Concepts used
Syntagms and
Langue and Parole
Paradigms
Paradigmatic Analysis
• Signifier and Signified
(through replacement)
• Binary Opposition (in
Character portrayal)
Background Reading : Vladmir Propp

21. Semiotics
• Semiotics is a useful way of decoding an
animation or film and thinking about the difference
between what it shows and what it suggests.
• Much more difficult in animation as they are not
still and often involve a narrative message.
• Roland Barthes suggested that meaning of
narrative is communicated by signs that relate to
one another within an animation/film.
• He suggested that certain sequences play the
role of communicating to us in a way that makes
us anticipate what will happen.

22. Semiotics-Case Study
Up (2009)

23. Up-Semiotics
• At the beginning of the scene,
Mister Fredricksen –the main
character of Up- is starting a new
life with his wife, Ellie. He is
depicted carrying her up to their
new house, portrayed in a clichéd
style, a quaint wooden house in a
country environment.
• By analyzing the connotation in the
image, the house represents the
starting of a new life, as it is the
first step of commitment. This
imagery is powerful as it
represents the stereotypes about
married couples and the younger
audience will acknowledge it by its
denotation.

24. Up-Semiotics
The older audience will understand and relate
to the imagery in this scene by empathizing
with its connotation as they know how exciting
the first days of marriage are. Judging by the
denotation, children will understand this scene
because they notice the lack of furniture as a
symbol of beginning. The wedding outfits
represent the impatience in a way for the
younger audience to comprehend.
By accident he leaves a hand mark of paint on the
mail box, Ellie finds this funny and does the same.
Children will understand that the couple’s
relationship involves love and unity, which is
symbolized by the touching hands in paint, hand
painting being an activity that they used to
perform at an early age. The scene creates this
image, of unity and working together in marriage,
by its direct meaning.

25. Lying next to each other, they are seen looking
into the sky, which represents their thought
process. The fact that this process is shown
through clouds is due to the fact that clouds are
mostly used as iconic symbols, such as in comics
and cartoons, as bubbles that represent thought
rather than speech.
The theme of pregnancy is approached with
innocent imagery. The connotation of the image
reveals that the bright colors represent happiness.
The ladder and the finishing in progress represent
that the room is brand new and it is being prepared
for a new arrival, referring to the baby. The third
signified from the image is the stork on the wall. Kids
know the stereotype, in fairy tales, of babies being
brought by storks instead of the actual biological
process.

26. Up
Ellie unfortunately dies due to natural causes.
Because of the change in the mood, the colour
theme changes to cold colour associated with a
depressing soundtrack. The connotation
associated with the dark red colour is love and
grief, the church setting helping the imagery of
the funeral ceremony and the passing away of
Mr. Fredricksen’s love. The long shadows and
the lower light value of the image represent
staying until late afternoon, this is also increased
by the character being alone.
In the first picture we can see bright and warm
colours with highly saturated theme and
environment lighting. Having these details, can
be categorised as ‘Happiness’. The picture on
the right reveals the same colours of the
house, but with darker environment, low
saturated colours. Therefore it can be
categorised as ‘Sadness’.The happier the first
scene is, the sadder the following change of
mood will be.

27. Intertextuality
• Animation in mainstream media uses intertextuality all the
time.
• All of Pixar's movies have intertextual links to their own
movies. In a lot of the movies you will see the pizza delivery
truck from the first Toy Story. Or at the end of Monster's
Inc, you can see Rex the dinosaur in Boo's room. They also
expanded their inter texuality in Toy Story 3 and included a
Totoro doll from Hayao Miyazaki's My Neighbour Totoro.
• they pay there respects to the great Ollie Johnston and
Frank Thomas in the film Incredibles created in 2004.
• Luxo Ball- Which appears in all pixar films and relates back
to the original Pixar days and the creation of Luxo.
• A113 – As a homage to the classroom at CalArts.

28. Intertextuality-Pixar

29. Realism
• One of the greatest challenges in computer animation has been creating human
characters that look and move with the highest degree of realism.
• Many animated films instead feature characters that are anthropomorphic animals
, machines ,insects, fantasy creatures and characters or humans with nonrealistic,
cartoon-like proportions.
• Part of the difficulty in making pleasing, realistic human characters is the uncanny
valley: a concept where, up to a point, people have an increasingly negative
emotional response as a human replica looks and acts more and more human.
Also, some materials that commonly appear in a scene like cloth, foliage, fluids,
and hair have proven more difficult to faithfully recreate and animate than others.
Consequently, special software and techniques have been developed to better
simulate these specific elements.

30. Uncanny Valley
• In theory, realistic computer animation can
reach a point where it is indistinguishable
from real action captured on film. Where
computer animation achieves this level of
realism, it may have major repercussions
for the film industry.
• The goal of computer animation is not
always to emulate live action as closely as
possible. Computer animation can also be
tailored to mimic or substitute for other
types of animation, such as traditional stop
motion animation (Flushed Away).
• Some of the long-standing basic principles
of animation, like squash & stretch, call for
movement that is not strictly realistic, and
such principles still see widespread
application in computer animation.

31. References & Citations
• www.wikipedia.org
• http://ifkoifko.blogspot.in/2010/11/analysing-
introductory-scene-from.html
• http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/student-
theses/2011-0803-
200704/MasterThesis%20Anne%20Lawant%2
0-%20Inleverversie.pdf
• http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/SnowWhite
AndMary.html