The document summarizes the early history of animation, starting with the zoetrope in 180 AD. It describes several early animation devices from the 19th century like the thaumatrope, phenakistoscope, and flip book. The praxinoscope, an improved version of the zoetrope, was invented in 1877. Modern animation techniques described include stop motion animation exemplified by Nightmare Before Christmas, and CGI animation pioneered by Pixar's Toy Story.

1. By Jeffery ThamsornHistory Of Animation

2. Zoetrope (180 AD ; 1834)The early Zoetrope was originallyin China by a man named Ding Huan in 180 AD.The modern Zoetrope was invented in 1834by a mathematician named William GeorgeHorner.The Zoetrope is a open cylinder with slits on the side of the open cylinder. Inside the opencylinder is the frame by frame drawing. Spinningthe Zoetrope and looking threw the slit, you willbe able to watch a mini animation happening.Fun Facts:Zoetrope means “wheel of life”.Zoetrope was not popular until the 1860’s.

3. Thaumatrope (1824)The Thaumatrope was made to test the persistence of vision.

4. The Thaumatrope is a very simple animation in which you have a drawing on one side of a paper and another on the back.

5. Then the pictures are held with string on the left and right side.

6. You then twirl the string and watch it flip. This causes you to see both sides of the picture at once, which makes one picture.

7. If you are interested in how it works you can make one yourself. Phenakistoscope (1831)This is very similar to the Zoetrope but the Phenakistoscope has a spinning disc instead of the cylinder.The Phenakistoscope can be viewedby only one person at a time.You spin the disc and watch threw theslits and watch the frame by frame animaitonThe Phenakistoscope was famous foronly two years due to the constantgrowing technology.

8. Flip book first appeared in September1868 and was originally called a kineograph (moving picture). A flip book also relies on the persistence of vision.A flip book consist of a book with drawing or pictures, when flipped rapidly a animation is seen. Flip books are usually made for children.Flip Book (1868)

9. The Praxinscope was invented inFrance by Charles-Émile Reynaud.The Praxinscope is similar to the Zoetrope. It has the same cylindershape but instead of slits on the outside. There is mirrors in the inside. When spun it reflects the picturesand makes it animate.To break it down it was a much better version of the Zoetrope.Praxinoscope (1877)

10. Animation Today!

11. Today’s animation has gone very far from how it began.There is Stop motion animation. Stop motion animation is when you use objects for animation.You move the object slightly then photograph. If youkeep doing this. It will appear that the object is movingAn example of a stop motion is the movie Nightmare Before Christmas. Animation Today: Stop Motion

12. CGI stands for Computer-Generatedimagrey.The CGI animations are basically madeon the computer using 3D animationsoftware. For example Blender, 3D Max,Etc. The very first CGI animation done completely was Toy Story made by Pixar.CGI Animation