Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is a sensation of chest pain or pressure due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle from obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries. It is usually caused by coronary artery disease, an atherosclerotic process affecting the arteries feeding the heart. Angina is classified as stable angina, which occurs with exertion, or unstable angina, which occurs at rest or with minimal exertion and is more severe. Signs of angina include chest discomfort, pain in the epigastrum, nausea, and pallor. Risk factors include age, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and certain medications. Diagnosis involves tests such as ECG,

1. ANGINA PECTORIS

2. INTRODUCTION
• It is commonly known as angina is the sensation of chest
pain, pressure, or squeezing, often due to not enough
blood flow to the heart muscle as a result
of obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries.

3. • The term derives from the Latin angere ("to strangle")
and pectus ("chest"), and can therefore be translated as
"a strangling feeling in the chest".
• angina pectoris can occur due to anemia, abnormal
heart rhythms and heart failure, its main cause
is coronary artery disease, an atherosclerotic process
affecting the arteries feeding the heart

4. CLASSIFICATION
• Stable angina(effort angina)
• Unstable angina(crescendo angina)
• it occurs at rest (or with minimal exertion), usually lasting
more than 10 minutes
• it is severe and of new onset (i.e., within the prior 4–6
weeks)
• it occurs with a crescendo pattern (i.e., distinctly more
severe, prolonged, or frequent than before)
• Cardiac syndrome X(microvascular angina)

5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Chest discomfort
• Pain in epigastrum
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Pallor(pale color of skin)

6. RISK FACTORS
• Age
• Smoking
• Diabetes mellitus
• Dyslipidemia
• hypertension
• Medications

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

8. DIAGNOSIS
• CBC
• CARDIAC BIOMARKERS
• ECG
• CORONARY ANGIOGRAM

9. TREATMENT
• Nitroglycerin
• Beta blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Using Stents to maintain the arterial widening
• Coronary bypass surgery involves bypassing constricted
arteries with venous grafts. This is much more invasive
than angioplasty.

10. ICD-10-CM GUIDELINES
• Unstable angina-i20.0
• Angina pectoris with documented spasm-i20.1
• Other forms of angina pectoris-i20.8
• Angina pectoris,unspecified-i20.9
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