An anesthesiologist administers anesthesia to patients undergoing surgery to relieve their pain and calm their nerves. The job involves monitoring patients' vital signs during surgery, deciding on appropriate treatments, and prescribing medication. It requires four years of undergraduate education, four years of medical school, and three to eight years of residency training. While the training is lengthy, it is a growing field with higher than average pay of around $186,000 annually. A related occupation is pediatrician, which also involves extensive schooling but treats children instead of surgical patients.