This document provides an overview of the Android operating system architecture and its key components: 1. Android is an open-source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware, and applications. It is led by Google and supported by many hardware and network companies. 2. The Android architecture consists of four layers - applications, application framework, libraries/runtime, and the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel provides core system services while the runtime handles code execution. 3. Key advantages of Android include customization ability, a wide range of applications, and innovative location and entertainment features. However, Android also has some limitations like requiring Java development and certain Bluetooth and browser restrictions.

1. N. Hari Krishna Ii-cse BY B.S.S.PRASAD.CH Ii-cse PSCMR COLLEGE OF ENGG&TECH

2. What is ANDROID Google's Android is an open-source platform that's currently available on a wide variety of smart phones. Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.

3. Open Handset Alliance Est. 5 th Nov 2007, led by Google, open Source Main Product Android Platform Enthusiastic Support from Industry Equipment makers Network Operators HTC was First to deliver ANDROID

4. ANDROID ARCHITECTURE The software stack is split into Four Layers:: The application layer The application framework The libraries and runtime The kernel

6. LINUX KERNEL • The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel. Android use Linux kernel as its hardware abstraction layer between the hardware and rest of the software. • It also provides memory management, process management, a security model, and networking, a lot of core operating system infrastructures that are robust and have been proven over time

7. NATIVE LIBRARIES • The next level up is the native libraries. Everything that you see here in green is written in C and C++.

8. Android Run Time • The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU. • The DVM runs something called dex files, D-E-X and these are byte codes that are the results of converting at build time. Class and JAR Files.

9. Android Run Time • This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java programming language. • The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use.

10. Application Framework • This is all written in a Java programming language and the application framework is the toolkit that all applications use. • These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home applications, or the phone application. • It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written by you. • So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.

11. APPLICATION LAYER • And the final layer on top is Applications. • This is where all the applications get written. • It includes the home application, the contacts application, the browser, and your apps. • And everything at this layer is, again, using the same app framework provided by the layers below.

12. ADVANTAGES The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform like never before Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be customized As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android, companies will come up with such innovative products like the location In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch higher by Google Android being able to offer online real time multiplayer games

13. LIMITATIONS OF ANDROID Development requirements in Java Android SDK Eclipse IDE (optional) Bluetooth limitations Firefox mobile isn't coming to android because of android limitations

14. CONCLUSION We hope that the next versions of Android have overcome the actual limitations and that the future possibilities became a reality and may this software is also developed to use in PC’s also.

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