The document discusses the Android operating system. It provides an introduction to Android, including that it is a Linux-based OS designed for mobile devices. It describes the origins of Android at Google in 2005 and the founding of the Open Handset Alliance consortium to develop open standards. The document outlines Android's architecture including its Linux kernel, libraries, runtime environment and application framework. It also covers Android versions, application development process, and comparisons with other mobile operating systems. In conclusion, it states that Android is an open, free platform customized by handset makers without royalty fees.

1. MOHAMMAD ALI JAUHAR UNIVERSITY
A seminar on,
OPERATING SYSTEM
Under Guidance of,
Er. Prem Narayan
Presented By,
MOHD. BILAL
CSE IIIyr.
1501010009

2. Content
Introduction
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Features and Versions
Architecture
Application Development
Comparisons with other OS
Limitations
Conclusion

3. What is android
 Android is Linux based operating system
designed primarily for mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablets.
 Android was first developed as a ADVANCE
OPERATING SYSTEM for digital cameras.
 There are more than 4,00,000 apps in android
market
 And, android is an open source.
INTRODUCTION

4. What is Operating System
 An operating system, or "OS," is software that
communicates with the hardware and allows
other programs to run..
 Common desktop operating systems
include Windows, OS X, and Linux
 Common mobile OS include Android, iOS, and
Windows Phone
INTRODUCTION

5. android Operating System
 Android OS consists of a shell and a kernel.
 Creator’s of android takes out the kernel from Linux
OS 2.6 and rewrite the shell part using java, that’s
forms android OS.
INTRODUCTION
MONOLITHIC KERNEL
(modified LINUX kernel)
SHELL
(Written in Java)
android OS

6. android devices
Mobile phones SmartTV Wearable device
Tablets GPS device for automobiles

7. Origin of android
Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in
October 2003 by
Andy Rubin, Rich Miner,
Nick Sears and Chris White who work at
“ ” to develop.
Andy Rubin

8. …Origin of android
Android was purchased by the
in AUGUST, 2005 for 50 million $.
HTC Dream was the first android device
launched in September 2008
Now, android covers 90% of the mobile OS
market.

9. Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
It’s consortium of several companies.
 OHA is a business alliance of firm to develop open
standard for mobile device.
OHA includes 84 firms to develop open standard for
mobile devices, i.e.
HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, QUALCOMM, Google
, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics,T-Mobile,
NVidias
Reason for Nokia not to developAndroid Mobiles is
Nokia is not part of OHA

10. Features
Android supports wireless communication using:-
3G Networks, 4G Networks, 802.11Wi-Fi Networks,
Bluetooth Connectivity
Developing an android application is not tough
,using SDK and java emulator we can easily develop
applications that we want.
Open source – Free development platform
Built in services likeGPS,SQL Database, browser
and maps
Portability across current and future hardware

11. android Versions
 Android Astro 1.0
• Released on September 23, 2008.
 Android Cupcake 1.5
• Released on April 30, 2009.
 Android Donut 1.6
• Released on September 15, 2009.
 Android Éclair 2.0/2.1
• Released on October 26, 2009.
 Android Froyo 2.2
• Released on May 20, 2010.
 Android Honeycomb 3.0
• Released on February 22, 2011.
 Android IceCream Sandwich 4.0
• Released on November 14, 2011
 Android JellyBean 4.1
• Released on June 27,2012
 Android Kitkat 4.4
• Released on October 31,2013
 Android Gingerbread 2.3
• Released on December 6, 2010

12. android Versions
 Android Lollipop 5.0
• Released on November 12, 2014
 Android Marshmallow 6.0
• Released on May 28, 2015
 Android Nougat 7.0
• Released on August 22, 2016
 Android Oreo 8.0
• Released on August 21, 2017
• Latest version till date.

13. UI comparison
Android Oreo 8.0Android Astro 1.0 Android KitKat 4.4

14. Architecture
Linux kernel
Libraries
Android run time
- Core libraries
- Dalvik virtual machine
Application layer
Application framework

15. Major components of android

16. Linux Kernel
 Android Architecture is based on Linux 2.6
kernel. It helps to manage security, memory
management, process management, network
stack and other important issues.
Display Driver
Keypad Driver
Camera Driver
Wi-Fi Driver
Flash Memory
Driver
Audio Driver
Binder (IPC)
Driver
Power
Management

17. Android Runtime
 Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most
of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java
programming language.
 DalvikVM.
• Dex files
• Compact and efficient than class files
• Limited memory and battery power
 Core Libraries
• Java 5 Std edition
• Collections, I/O etc…
• Providing most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java language.
Core
Libraries
Dalvik
Virtual
Machine

18. Libraries
Android includes a set of:
 C/C++ libraries
 Interface through Java
 Surface manager – Handling UI Windows with 2D and
3D graphics
 Media codes, SQLite, Browser engine
The Android Studio 3.1 supports new set of library :

19. Application Framework
The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse
of components
 Activity manager – manages application life cycle
 Android provides a set of coreapplications:
 Email Client
 SMS Program
 Calendar
 Maps
 Browser
 Contacts, Etc.
 All applications are written using theJava language.
 APIs: DataStructures,Utilities, File Access, NetworkAccess,
Graphics, etc.

20. Application Development
Android
Emulator
Android
Mobile
Device
Android
SDK

21. Application Development
Android
Manifest
Java source
Java
Compiler
Resource
XML
Android Libraries
.dex
file
Dalvik
VM
Generate
d Class

22. Application Execution
Java Source
Documents
Compile java
sources using
“javac”
Java “class” documents
output from compilation
process
Translate Java
compiled class files
into “dex” files
Execute under the
Dalvik Virtual Machine

23. Why prefer android ?
 Android price fits your pocket
Android devices are cheaper than iPhones which is one of main
reason why Android phone sale is growing rapidly. IPhone is an
expensive device which everybody can’t afford to buy.
 Free apps and games
Android offers a lot of free games and applications on google play,
whereas IPhone have mostly paid Apps on App Store. which is also
the main reason why people skip IOS and attract towards android.
 Launchers
Android offers many cool launcher apps for customizing home
screen’s style. While Apple do not allow users to customize their
home screen and all the users have same home screen.

24.  Custom ROMs
Android users can install custom Rom on their smart phone, which
allows them to replace original software comes with their smart
phone. Some of the android users want to use some tools and apps
which do not work on their original OS, that’s why they Root their
phone and install custom ROMS.
 Google Integration
Google integration is very useful service provided by google to it’s
users. unarguably google dominates the web with it’s awesome
services like Google drive, Google Music, Google Map, Google Docs,
Google mail, Google plus, Google hangout.. and the list goes on,
but IOS do not provide these apps integration.
 Expandable Memory
Android allows you to put a memory card to increase your phone
memory. What does Apple do? Well, they've never offered
expandable memory for the iPhone. Instead, they would rather you
pay another $100 to upgrade one of their devices from a 16 GB
memory to a 32 GB or 64 GB

25. Multi tasking using Multi-window navigation feature
File manager
YouTube
iOs does not allow
multi window
officially

26. Limitations
 Making source code available to everyone inevitably
invites the attention of hackers.
 Android operating system uses more amount of
battery as compared to normal mobile phones.
 It has been seen that it has security related issues.
 As we call Android is world of applications we
continuously need to connected with the internet
which is not possible for all the users.

27. Conclusion
Android is a truly open, free development
platform based on Linux and open source.
Handset makers can use and customize the
platform without paying a royalty.
Android is now stepping up in next level of
mobile internet.
 Android is open to all: industry, developers and
users
Google Android is stepping into the next level
of Mobile Internet & that is the reason that
android covers 90% of mobile OS market

28. References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operati
ng_system)
https://www.android.com/
https://www.androidauthority.com/
https://techterms.com
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/
Images and Clipart:
https://images.google.com/

29. Thank you.
Any Query ?
ask google