The document provides an overview of the Android platform, its architecture, and software development requirements. It details Android's history, its role as a software platform for mobile devices, and highlights features such as security, performance, and limitations. Additionally, it discusses the development tools and programming languages used for creating Android applications.

1. R.C.PATEL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Prepared by
Chakrapani Tripathi
BE EXTC
Roll no 66

2. Table Of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Platform
3. Software development
4. Overall evaluation

3. What Is Android?
Software especially used in hand held
devices which acts as an intermediate
between user and the device hardware

4. Introduction(1)
•A software platform and operating system for mobile
devices
•Based on the Linux kernel
•Developed by Google and later the Open Handset
Alliance (OHA)
•Allows writing managed code in the Java language

5. Introduction(2)
•Possibility to write applications in other
languages and compiling it to ARM native code
(support of Google? No)
•Unveiling of the Android platform was announced
on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA

6. Introduction(3)
• What is OHA?
• Open Handset Alliance
→ It's a consortium of several companies

7. Introduction(4)
•Devoted to advancing open standards for mobile
devices
•Develop technologies that will significantly lower
the cost of developing and distributing mobile
devices and services

8. Introduction(5)
• License
Version 2
Apache Software License(ASL)

9. Platform(1)
Architecture(1)

10. Platform(2)
Architecture(2)
• Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel version 2.6
• Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich onwards, version 3.x,
with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C,
and application software running on an application
framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based
on Apache Harmony.
• Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-in-time
compilation to run Dalvik 'dex-code‘
• ARM architecture

11. Platform(3)
Hardware
• Android is not a single piece of hardware
• It's a complete, end-to-end software platform that can be
adapted to work on any number of hardware
configurations.
• Everything is there, from the boot loader all the way up to
the applications

12. Platform(3)
Operating System(s)
•Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory
management, process management, and networking.
•Android native libraries written in C/C++ internally, but
you’ll be calling them through Java interfaces
•Dalvik Virtual Machine. Runs dex files, which are
coverted at compile time from standard class and jar files.

13. Platform(4)
Network Connectivity
It supports wireless communications using:
oGSM mobile-phone technology
o3G
o802.11 Wi-Fi networks

14. Platform(5)
Security
• Android is a multi-process system, in which each
application (and parts of the system) runs in its own
process
• User and group IDs are assigned to applications.
• Additional finer-grained security features are provided
through a "permission" mechanism

15. Platform(6)
Performance

16. Platform(7)
Features

17. Software Development(1)
Development requirements
•Java
•Android SDK
•Eclipse IDE (optional)

18. Software Development(2)
IDE and Tools
Android SDK
•Class Library
•Developer Tools
 dx – Dalvik Cross-Assembler
 aapt – Android Asset Packaging Tool
 adb – Android Debug Bridge
 ddms – Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
•Emulator and System Images
•Documentation and Sample Code
Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools)
•Reduces Development and Testing Time
•Makes User Interface-Creation easier
•Makes Application Description Easier

19. Software Development(3)
Programming Language(s)
•Java – officially supported
•C/C++ – also possible but not supported

20. Overall Evaluation(1)
Advantages
• The entire Application framework can be reused and replaced
by selective components.
• Dalvik virtual machine enhances the power management
systems.
• Support for 2D and 3D graphics, So lot of business for
animationdevelopers.
• Reliable and enhanced data storage.
• Supports common media file format.
• GSM, EDGE, 3G, HSCSD,
Wi-Fi n/w applications support

21. Overall Evaluation(2)
Limitations
Bluetooth limitations
oAndroid doesn't support:
 Bluetooth stereo
 Contacts exchange
 Modem pairing
 Wireless keyboards
But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets
Firefox Mobile isn't coming to Android
Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom form
of Java
→ Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that
• Giants like Nokia and Microsoft are not the part of the OHA

22. Overall Evaluation(3)
Versions & release dates
We can only hope that the next versions of
Android have overcome the actual limitations

23. THANK YOU