This document provides an overview of Android technology, including: - What Android is and its history as an open source operating system developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. - The key components of the Android architecture including the Linux kernel, native libraries, runtime libraries, application framework, and applications. - How to develop an Android app using Java and Kotlin, and some popular Android apps like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp that have been downloaded billions of times. - Android versions, features like being open, customizable and breaking down barriers for developers, and benefits like reusability and security from running each app in its own process.

1. ANDROID TECHNOLOGY
YOUR NAME, ID NUMBER
B.Tech X Year, BRANCH

2. 1) What is Android?
2) History of Android
3) Android Versions
4) Features of Android
5) Android Architecture
6) Components of an Android Application
7) Benefits of Android Architecture
8) Android vs Competitors
9) How to develop an Android App?
10) Popular Android Apps
INDEX

3. What is
Android?
•Android is an open software platform for mobile
development. It is intended to be a complete
stack that includes everything from the
operating system, middleware and up through
applications.
•The core Android source code is known as
Android Open Source Project (AOSP), which is
primarily licensed under the Apache License.
•Some well known derivatives include Android TV
for televisions and Wear OS for wearables, both
developed by Google.

4. History of
Android
•A group of mobile and technology leaders
with the goal of making a better mobile
experience formed The Open Handset
Alliance.
•Their first joint project as a new alliance was
Android.
•The first commercial Android device launched
in September 2008 was HTC Dream.

5. ANDROID VERSIONS

6. Features of
Android
•It is built to be truly open allowing developers
to create richer and more cohesive
experiences for users.
•Furthermore, it utilizes a custom virtual
machine that has been designed to optimize
memory and hardware resources in a mobile
environment.
•Android will be open source; it can be liberally
extended to incorporate new cutting edge
technologies as they emerge.
OPENESS

7. Features of
Android
•Android does not differentiate between the
phone's core applications and third-party
applications.
•With devices built on the Android Platform,
users will be able to fully tailor the phone to
their interests.
•They can even instruct their phones to use
their favorite photo viewing application to
handle the viewing of all photos.
ALL APPLICATIONS ARE
CREATED EQUAL

8. Features of
Android
•Android breaks down the barriers to building
new and innovative applications.
BREAKING DOWN
APPLICATION BOUNDARIES

9. Features of
Android
•Android provides access to a wide range of
useful libraries and tools that can be used to
build rich applications.
•In addition, Android includes a full set of tools
that have been built from the ground up
alongside the platform providing developers
with high productivity and deep insight into
their applications.FAST & EASY DEVELOPMENT

10. Android
Architecture
LAYER DIAGRAM

11. Android
Architecture
•Android relies on Linux Kernel. Android uses
the Linux kernel as the hardware abstraction
layer between the hardware and the rest of
the software stack.
•So if you are an OEM trying to bring up
android on your device, the first thing you is
to bring up Linux and install all your drivers in
place.
•It also provides memory management,
process management, a security model
networking, a lot of core OS infrastructure.
LAYER 1
LINUX KERNEL

12. Android
Architecture
It is at this level where a lot of the core power of
the android platform comes from.
1) Surface Manager – is responsible for
composing different drawing surfaces on to
the screen.
2) Bellow that, we have two boxes, OpenGL ES
and SGL. These two make up the core of our
graphics libraries.
LAYER 2
NATIVE LIBRARIES

13. Android
Architecture
3. Moving over, we have the Media
Framework which was provided by Packet
Video.
4. We use Free Type to render our fonts.
5. We have an implementation of SQLite. We
use that as the core of most of the data
storage.
6. We have Web Kit as the open source
browser engine. It’s the same browser that
is powering Google’s chrome and apple’s
Safari.
LAYER 2
NATIVE LIBRARIES

14. Android
Architecture
•The main component of the android runtime
is the Dalvik VM.
•The Android run time was designed
specifically for mobile needs, where you have
limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU.
•They use very less memory, the data
structures are designed to do memory sharing
efficiently across processes.
LAYER 3
RUNTIME LIBRARIES

15. Android
Architecture
It Is the tool kit that all applications use.
1) An Activity Manager that manages the life
cycle of applications and also provides a
common navigation back stack.
2) A Package manager keeps track of which
applications are installed on your device.
3) The Window Manager manages windows.
LAYER 4
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK

16. Android
Architecture
4) The Telephony Manager contains the APIs
that we use to build the phone application
that’s central to the phone experience.
5) The Content Providers are unique pease of
the android platform. that the frame work
that enable applications to access data
6) A Resource Manager is what we use to
store localized strings, bitmaps, and layout
file, all of the external parts of an
application that aren’t coded.
7) Notification Manager that enables all
applications to display custom alerts in the
status bar.
LAYER 4
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK

17. Android
Architecture
•The final layer on top is the applications. This
is where all the applications get written.
•Everything at this layer is using the same
application framework that is provided by the
layers below.
LAYER 5
APPLICATIONS

18. Components
of an
Android
Application
The four major components of application are:
Activity UI component typically corresponding to
one screen
Intent
Receiver
Responds to notifications or status
changes. Can wake up your process
Service Faceless task that runs in the background.
It is a task that doesn’t have a UI.
Content
Provider
Enables applications to share data with
other processes and applications

19. Benefits of
Android
Architecture
•Android was designed to promote reusing and
replacing components.
•Now if you are writing a new application, you
don’t have to worry about the photo picking
up of photo application it will use, what ever
the user have configured for picking up a
photo.
REUSABILITY & REPLACING
OF COMPONENTS

20. Benefits of
Android
Architecture
•Now in android, every application runs on its
own process.
•It gives you security protected memory, it
means that if the application is running
something CPU intensive, it wont block other
activities like answering a phone.
•And the android system itself is responsible
for starting a process or shutting them down
as necessary to reclaim resources.
APPLICATION & PROCESS

21. Android vs
Competitors
GLOBAL MOBILE OS
MARKET SHARE

22. How to
Develop an
Android
App?
•Java & Kotlin are the official languages
required for Android App Development.
However you may also require knowledge in
XML, SQL to implement additional features.
•Android part encompasses learning XML for
the app design, understanding concepts of
Android and using said concepts
programmatically with Java or Kotlin.
•Beginners should probably use an IDE
(Android Studio Eclipse).

23. How to
Develop an
Android
App?
•Building your first app is time-consuming: it
won't happen overnight. This is not a project for
those looking for a fast result.
•When stuck on a problem (which will inevitably
happen), turn to Stack Overflow. If no luck there,
look to the Android Sub reddit where there is a
helpful community
•Watch Google I/O Conferences

24. Popular
Android
Apps
FACEBOOK
4.119 BILLION DOWNLOADS
INSTAGRAM
1.853 BILLION DOWNLOADS
SKYPE
1.039 BILLION DOWNLOADS
TWITTER
833.858 MILLION DOWNLOADS
WHATSAPP
2.979 BILLION DOWNLOADS

25. References
•Android Developers Website
•Google Developers Website
•Tuts Plus
•Business Insider
•Wikipedia

26. THANK YOU